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1、專業(yè)好文檔水工建筑物復(fù)習(xí)題1、判斷題:(1)所謂水利工程,是指對(duì)自然界的地表水和地下水進(jìn)行控制和調(diào)配,以達(dá)到除害興利目的而修建的工程。( ) 答案:正確(2)重力壩的基本剖面是三角形是因?yàn)榭紤]施工方便。( ) 答案:錯(cuò)誤(3)拱壩的超載能力高是由于壩體厚度較薄、材料均勻性好。( ) 答案:錯(cuò)誤(4)土石壩的不均勻沉陷主要由地基的不均勻性造成。( ) 答案:正確(5)側(cè)槽溢洪道的過堰水流與泄槽軸線方向一致。( ) 答案:錯(cuò)誤(6)泄水隧洞的線路選擇是確定一條隧洞長(zhǎng)度最小的路線。( ) 答案:錯(cuò)誤(7)樞紐布置就是將樞紐建筑物緊湊地布置在一起。( ) 答案:錯(cuò)誤(8)船閘一般布置在靠近河道深泓線一

2、側(cè)。( ) 答案:正確 (9) 海漫的作用是進(jìn)一步消減水流剩余能量,保護(hù)護(hù)坦安全,并調(diào)整流速分布,保護(hù)河床、防止沖刷。( ) 答案:正確(10)升船機(jī)的作用是利用機(jī)械力量將船只送過壩(閘),其耗水量大、運(yùn)送速度慢、運(yùn)輸能力高。( ) 答案:錯(cuò)誤2、單項(xiàng)選擇題:(1)土壩壩體由于不均勻沉降而產(chǎn)生( ) a、縱縫; b、橫縫; c、水平縫;d、豎向裂縫。 答案:b(2)因?yàn)樽饔糜谥亓紊嫌蚊娴乃畨毫Τ剩?)分布,所以其基本剖面是三角形。 a、三角形; b、矩形 c、梯形; d、弧形。 答案:a(3)雙曲拱壩是指壩體在( )方向上呈拱形。 a、水平; b、鉛直; c、水平和鉛直; d、a與b和c均不

3、對(duì)。 答案:c(4)有壓隧洞的過流能力與( )無關(guān)。 a、隧洞底坡; b、上下游水頭差; c、隧洞斷面積; d、洞壁的光滑程度。 答案:a(5)枯水期下閘擋水,洪水期開閘泄水,這個(gè)閘可能是( )。a.節(jié)制閘 b.進(jìn)水閘 c.分洪閘 d.擋潮閘 答案:a(6)渡槽槽身內(nèi)水流可( )按計(jì)算。 a、紊流; b、急流; c、非均勻流; d、均勻流。 答案:d(8)無壩取水口一般設(shè)置在河道的( )。 a、凸岸; b、岸邊直線段; c、凹岸; d、均可。 答案:c(9)側(cè)槽溢洪道的底坡一般設(shè)計(jì)成( )。 a、陡坡; b、緩坡; c、平坡; d、均可。 答案:b (10) 碾壓混凝土重力壩是用( )含量比較

4、低的超干硬性混凝土,經(jīng)碾壓而成的混凝土壩。 a、混凝土; b、水; c、水泥; d、砂粒料。 答案:水泥3、多項(xiàng)選擇題(1) 重力壩抗滑穩(wěn)定分析的目的是核算壩體沿( )抗滑穩(wěn)定的安全性能。a、壩基面 b、壩體內(nèi)的層面c、地基深層軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面 d、壩體下游面坡答案:a、c(2) 工程中常用的拱壩應(yīng)力分析方法有( )。a、拱梁法 b、拱冠梁法c、純拱法 d、材料力學(xué)法答案:a、b、c(3) 土石壩中常見的壩體排水型式有( )。a、棱體排水 b、水泵排水c、排水孔 d、綜合式排水e、褥墊排水 f、貼坡排水答案:a、d、e、f(4) 水閘中海漫的構(gòu)造要求為( )。a.光滑性 b.不透水性c.透水性 d.

5、柔性答案:c、d(5) 隧洞出口的消能方式有( )。a、面流消能 b、底流消能c、洞內(nèi)消能 d、挑流消能答案:b、d(6) 渡槽一般由( )等幾部分組成。a、消能設(shè)施 b、槽身c、支承結(jié)構(gòu) d、基礎(chǔ)e、進(jìn)出口建筑物答案:b、c、d、e4、問答題:(1)為什么要對(duì)壩體混凝土進(jìn)行分區(qū)?答案:混凝土重力壩壩體各部位的工作條件及受力條件不同,對(duì)上述混凝土材料性能指標(biāo)的要求也不同。為了滿足壩體各部位的不同要求,節(jié)省水泥用量及工程費(fèi)用,把安全與經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)一起來,通常將壩體混凝土按不同工作條件進(jìn)行分區(qū),選用不同的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)和性能指標(biāo)。(2)什么叫土石壩的滲透變形?防止?jié)B透變形的工程措施有哪些?答案:土石壩壩身及地

6、基中的滲流,由于物理或化學(xué)的作用,導(dǎo)致土體顆粒流失,土壤發(fā)生局部破壞,稱為滲透變形。土體發(fā)生滲透變形的原因,除與土料性質(zhì)有關(guān)外,主要是由于滲透坡降過大造成的。因此,設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)盡量降低滲透坡降,還要增加滲流出口處土體抵抗?jié)B透變形的能力。常用的工程措施包括:(a) 采取水平或垂直防滲措施,以便盡可能地延長(zhǎng)滲徑,達(dá)到降低滲透坡降的目的;(b)采取排水減壓措施,以降低壩體浸潤(rùn)線和下游滲流出口處的滲透壓力。對(duì)可能發(fā)生管涌的部位,需設(shè)置反濾層,攔截可能被滲流帶走的細(xì)顆粒;對(duì)下游可能產(chǎn)生流土的部位,可以設(shè)置蓋重以增加土體抵抗?jié)B透變形的能力。(3) 選擇樞紐方案時(shí),一般需進(jìn)行哪些項(xiàng)目的比較?答案:水利樞紐布置的

7、任務(wù)是合理地確定樞紐中各組成建筑物之間的相互位置,亦即確定各建筑物之間在平面上和高程上的布置。由于影響樞紐布置的因素很多,因此在進(jìn)行樞紐布置時(shí)應(yīng)深入研究當(dāng)?shù)貤l件,全面考慮設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)用、管理及技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)等問題。一般應(yīng)進(jìn)行多方案的比較,在保證運(yùn)用方便和安全可靠的前提下,力求做到節(jié)省工程量、便于施工、縮短工期,優(yōu)選技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最佳的方案。(4)水工隧洞的工作閘門和檢修閘門各有何工作特點(diǎn)?如何布置?答案:水工隧洞一般需要設(shè)置兩道閘門,一道是工作閘門,其作用是控制水流流量、封閉孔口,要求在動(dòng)水中啟閉;另一道是檢修閘門,當(dāng)檢修工作閘門或檢修隧洞時(shí),用以擋水,在隧洞進(jìn)口都要設(shè)置檢修閘門。當(dāng)隧洞出口低于下游

8、水位時(shí),出口處也需要設(shè)置檢修門。無壓隧洞一般將閘門設(shè)置在隧洞進(jìn)口處,有壓隧洞大多將閘門設(shè)置在出口處。另外,有些工程的泄洪洞將工作閘門布置在洞內(nèi)。檢修閘門一般布置在隧洞進(jìn)口處,位于工作閘門的上游側(cè)。winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering

9、from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, c

10、losely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player t

11、o win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce,

12、is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first

13、to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were

14、 surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. startin

15、g at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than

16、 the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drif

17、t to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised

18、through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed

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