zigbee相關(guān)外文資料及翻譯

1、The APL LayerThe application (APL) layer is the highest protocol layer in a ZigBee wireless network. The ZigBee APL layer consists of three sections, shown in Figure : the application support (APS) sublayer, ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO), and the application framework.The application support sublayer

2、(APS) provides an interface betweenthe network layer(NWK) and the applicationlayer(APL). The APSsublayer,similar to all lower layers, supports two types of services: data andmanagement. The APS data service is provided by APS Data Entity (APSDE)and isaccessedthroughtheAPSDE ServiceAccessPoint(SAP).T

3、hemanagementcapabilitiesare offeredby APSManagementEntity(APSME)andare accessed through APSME-SAP.The APSsublayer constants and attributes start with apsc and aps respectively. The APSattributes are contained in the APSInformation (APS IB or AIB). The list of APS constants and attributes is provided

4、 in the ZigBee specification 3.,BaseNetwork Theapplicationframework in ZigBee is the environmentin whichapplicationobjectsare hosted to controland managethe protocollayersin a ZigBee device. Application objects are developed by manufacturers,and thatiswhere a device is customized forvariousapplicati

5、ons.Therecan be up to 240 application objects in a single device.Theapplicationobjectsuse APSDE-SAPto send and receivedata betweenpeer applicationobjects( Figure ).Each applicationobjecthas a uniqueendpoint address (endpoint 1 to endpoint 240). The endpoint address ofzero is used for the ZDO. To bro

6、adcasta messageto allapplicationobjects,the endpoint address is set to 255. Endpoint addressing allows multipledevices to share the same radio. In the light control example multiple lights were connected to a single radio. Each light endpoint address and can be turned on and off independently.in Sec

7、tionhas a uniqueThe ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO) provide an interface between the APSsublayerandtheapplicationframework.TheZDO containsthefunctionalitiesthatare commonin allapplicationsoperatingon a ZigBeeprotocol stack. For example, it is the responsibility of the ZDO toconfigure the device in one o

8、f three possible logical types of ZigBeecoordinator,ZigBee router,or ZigBee end device.The ZDOuses primitivesto perform itsdutiesand accesses the APSsublayerManagementEntityviaAPSME-SAP. The application framework interacts with the ZDO through the ZDO public interface.Thedetailsofapplicationframewor

9、k,ZDO, and APS sublayerarereviewed in the following three subsections.TheApplication FrameworkTheZigBee standardofferstheoption touse application profiles in developing an application. The use of anapplicationprofileallowsfurtherinteroperabilitybetween theproductsdeveloped by differentvendorsfora sp

10、ecific application.Forinstance,in a light control scenario, if two vendors use the same applicationprofile to develop their products, the switches from one vendor will beable toturnon and turn offthelights manufacturedby theother vendor.The application profiles are also referred to as ZigBee profile

11、s.Each application profile is identified by a 16-bit value known as aprofileidentifier.OnlytheZigBeealliancecanissueprofileidentifiers.A vendor thathas developed a profilecan requesta profileidentifier from the ZigBee alliance. The ZigBee alliance evaluates the proposed application profile and if it

12、 meets the alliance guidelines, a profile identifier willbe issued. The application profiles are named after their corresponding application use. For example, the home automation application profile provides a common platform for vendors developing ZigBee-based products for home automation use.The g

13、eneral structure of an application profile is shown in Figure .The application profile consists of two main components: clusters anddevicedescriptions.Acluster isa set of attributesgrouped together.Each cluster is identified by a unique 16-bit number called a clusteridentifier . Each attribute in a

14、cluster is also identified by a unique16bitnumber known as aattributeidentifier. These attributesare usedto store data or state values. For example, in a temperature controlapplication, a device that acts as the temperature sensor can store thevalueofthe currenttemperatureinan attribute.Then another

15、devicethatacts as the furnace controller can receive the value of this attributeand turnon or turnoffthefurnaceaccordingly.The applicationprofiledoes notcontain theclusteritself.Instead,theapplicationprofilehasa listofthe clusteridentifiers.Each clusteridentifieruniquelypointsto the cluster itself.T

16、he other part of an application profile is the device descriptions( Figure ). The descriptions provide information regarding the deviceitself. For example, the supported frequency bands of operation, thelogicaltypeof thedevice (coordinator,router,orend device),and theremainingenergy ofthebatteryarep

17、rovidedby thedevicedescriptions.Each device description is identified by a 16-bit value. The ZigBeeapplication profile uses the concept of descriptor data structure . Inthis method, instead of including the data in the application profile,a 16-bitvalue iskeptand actsas a pointertothelocationofthedat

18、a.This pointer is referred to as the data descriptor . When a devicediscovers the presence of another device in the network, the devicedescriptionsaretransferredtoprovidetheessentialinformationregardingthe new device.The devicedescriptionsconsist of fivesections:nodedescriptor,nodepowerdescriptor,si

19、mpledescriptor,complexdescriptor,anduserdescriptor.Thenodedescriptorprovidesinformationsuch as thenode logicaltypeand themanufacturer code.Thenode power descriptordetermines whether the device is battery poweredand providesthe currentlevelof the battery.The profileidentifierandclustersare providedin

20、 the simpledescriptor. The complex descriptoris an optional part of the device descriptions and contains informationsuch as the serial number and the device model name. Any additionalinformationregardingthe device can be includedas the userdescriptor .The user descriptor can be up to 16 ASCII charac

21、ters. For example, in a light control application, the user descriptor field of a wall switch installed in a hallway can read Hall switch .The node descriptor fields for ZigBee-2006 are provided in Figure . The node descriptor is a mandatory part of the device descriptions. Thelogical type can be Zi

22、gBee coordinator, router, or end device. The complex descriptor and user descriptor are optional and if their correspondingfields in the node descriptor are set to zero, they are not provided aspart of the device descriptions. The APS flag field determines the APSsublayer capabilities. The frequency

23、 band (868 MHz, 915MHz, or GHz) isspecified in the frequency band field. The MAC capacity flags field isthe same as the MAC capacity field presented before in Figure. Amanufacturercan requestand receive a manufacturercode from theZigBeealliance. This code is included in the node descriptor.The maxim

24、umsizeof the APS Sublayer Data Unit (ASDU), in octets, is specified in themaximum buffer size field.The maximum size ofa single message that canbe transferredto or from a node is provided inthemaximumtransfersizefield (in octets). In ZigBeePro, the maximum incoming transfer size and maximum outgoing

25、 transfer size are two separate fields (16 bits each).The servermask fieldprovidesinformationregardingthe system servercapabilities of this node. A server is a device that provides specificservices to other devices in the network. If each bit is set to one, thedevice has the corresponding capability

26、 shown in Figure . Thetrustcenter is the device trusted by devices within a network to distributesecurity keys for the purpose of network and end-to-end applicationconfigurationmanagement. The securityfeaturesare reviewedin Section .The primary binding table cache is a device that allows other devic

27、esto store theirbindingtableswith it as longas ithas storagespace left.The binding procedure isfurtherclarifiedinthissubsection.The primarybinding table cache can be used to back up the content of binding tablesand restore them whenevernecessary. A devicecan choose tokeep its ownbinding table, known

28、 as asource binding table , instead of storing itwith a primarybindingtablecache. However, any devicecan store a backupof the source binding tablein the primarybiding table cache device andrecover it later if necessary.A ZigBee network mayhave a primarydiscoverycache device.This deviceis a ZigBee co

29、ordinator or router used to store the descriptors such asnode descriptors and power descriptors of some other devices. An enddevice,forexample,thatsleepsforlongdurationscanstore itsdescriptors in the primary discovery cache device. If a device in thenetwork triesto locatethe informationregarding thi

30、ssleepingend devicewhile the device is inactive,itcan gettheinformationfromthe primarydiscoverycache deviceinstead.If a networkcontainssleepingZigBee enddevices, the network must have at least one primary discovery cachedevice.應(yīng)用層（ APL）是在 ZigBee 無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧中最高的一層。應(yīng)用層包含三個(gè)組成部分，見下圖：應(yīng)用支持子層（ APS）， ZigBee 設(shè)備對

31、象（ ZDO），以及應(yīng)用層框架（AF）。應(yīng)用支持子層（APS）提供了網(wǎng)絡(luò)層（ NWK）和應(yīng)用層（ APL）之間的接口。該層和所有較低層相似，支持兩種服務(wù)：數(shù)據(jù)和管理服務(wù)。 APS層數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)由APS數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)體（ APSDE）通過 APSDE服務(wù)接入點(diǎn)（ APSDE-SAP）提供。管理功能由 APS管理實(shí)體（ APSME）通過 APSME服務(wù)接入點(diǎn)（ APSME-SAP）提供。APS子層的常量和屬性分別始于apsc 和 aps。 APS屬性包含在 APS信息庫（ APS IB 或 AIB）中。APS常量和屬性列表由ZigBee 協(xié)議棧規(guī)范提供 3 。ZigBee 應(yīng)用層框架（ AF）是為駐扎在Zig

32、Bee 設(shè)備中的應(yīng)用對象控制和管理協(xié)議棧各層提供活動的環(huán)境。應(yīng)用對象由制造商開發(fā)，也正是在這里定制了基于各種不同應(yīng)用的設(shè)備。在一個(gè)設(shè)備中可以有多達(dá) 240 個(gè)應(yīng)用對象。應(yīng)用對象使用APSDE-SAP在應(yīng)用對象節(jié)點(diǎn)之間發(fā)送和接收數(shù)據(jù)（圖）。每個(gè)應(yīng)用對象都有一個(gè)專有的終端節(jié)點(diǎn)地址（端點(diǎn)1端點(diǎn) 240）。端點(diǎn) 0 用于 ZDO。端點(diǎn)地址 255 被設(shè)置用來廣播消息到所有的應(yīng)用對象。設(shè)定終端地址允許多個(gè)設(shè)備共享同一頻段。在節(jié)的燈控制例程中，多個(gè)燈連接在同一個(gè)頻段里。每個(gè)燈都有一個(gè)專用的端點(diǎn)地址，并且能夠獨(dú)立的打開或關(guān)閉。ZigBee 設(shè)備對象（ ZDO）提供了 APS子層和應(yīng)用層框架（AF）之間的接口

33、。 ZDO包含了所有運(yùn)行在 ZigBee 協(xié)議棧上的應(yīng)用所共有的功能。例如，定義設(shè)備屬于ZigBee 協(xié)調(diào)器、路由器或終端設(shè)備三種邏輯類型之一就是ZDO的職責(zé)。 ZDO使用原語來執(zhí)行它的任務(wù)，并通過APSME-SAP進(jìn)入 APS子層管理實(shí)體。應(yīng)用層框架（AF）通過 ZDO公共接口與 ZDO相互作用。關(guān)于應(yīng)用層框架（ AF）、 ZDO和 APS子層的細(xì)節(jié)的詳細(xì)回顧見于以下三節(jié)。? 應(yīng)用層框架（ AF）ZigBee 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供了在開發(fā)應(yīng)用時(shí)使用應(yīng)用profiles的選項(xiàng)。應(yīng)用 profiles的使用使得不同開發(fā)商開發(fā)的基于某種特定應(yīng)用的產(chǎn)品之間有更多的共同使用性。比如，在燈控制情景中，如果兩個(gè)開發(fā)商

34、使用同一個(gè)應(yīng)用profiles來開發(fā)他們的產(chǎn)品，一個(gè)開發(fā)商制造的開關(guān)將能夠打開或關(guān)閉另一個(gè)開發(fā)商制造的燈。應(yīng)用profiles也是基于 ZigBee profiles的。每個(gè)應(yīng)用 profiles都由一個(gè)被稱作profile標(biāo)識符的 16 位數(shù)值所標(biāo)記的。 只有 ZigBee 聯(lián)盟能夠設(shè)定 profile標(biāo)識符。開發(fā)商如果自行開發(fā)了一個(gè)profile，他可以向ZigBee 申請一個(gè)profile標(biāo)識符。 ZigBee 聯(lián)盟評估被提議的應(yīng)用profile，如果其符合聯(lián)盟準(zhǔn)則，一個(gè)新的profile標(biāo)識符就會被設(shè)定。應(yīng)用profiles以與其相應(yīng)的應(yīng)用來命名。例如，家庭自動化應(yīng)用profile提供

35、一個(gè)公共平臺給開發(fā)用于家庭自動化的基于ZigBee 產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)商們。應(yīng)用 profile 的總體結(jié)構(gòu)見圖。應(yīng)用profile 包含兩個(gè)主要組成部分：簇（clusters ）和設(shè)備描述（ device descriptions）。簇是一組整合在一起的屬性。每個(gè)簇都由稱為簇標(biāo)識符（clusteridentifier）的唯一 16 位數(shù)字所標(biāo)記。 簇中的每個(gè)屬性也由稱作屬性標(biāo)識符（ attributeidentifier）的唯一 16位數(shù)字所標(biāo)記。這些屬性用來存儲數(shù)據(jù)或狀態(tài)值。例如，在溫度控制應(yīng)用中，作為溫度傳感器的設(shè)備能在屬性中存儲當(dāng)前溫度數(shù)值。然后另一個(gè)作為火爐控制器的設(shè)備就能接受該屬性值，并據(jù)

36、此打開或關(guān)閉火爐。應(yīng)用profile不包含簇本身，而是包含一個(gè)簇標(biāo)識符列表。每個(gè)簇標(biāo)識符都專一地指向該簇本身。應(yīng)用profile的另一個(gè)部分是設(shè)備描述（ device descriptions）（圖）。設(shè)備描述提供關(guān)于設(shè)備自身的信息。例如，可供使用的頻率波段，設(shè)備的邏輯類型（協(xié)調(diào)器、路由器或終端設(shè)備），以及設(shè)備提供的剩余電量，都是由設(shè)備描述所提供的。每個(gè)設(shè)備描述由一個(gè)16 位數(shù)值所標(biāo)記。 ZigBee 應(yīng)用 profile使用描述數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)（ descriptor data structure）這一概念。正是用這一取代了包含應(yīng)用 profile數(shù)據(jù)的方法，一個(gè) 16 位數(shù)值作為指向數(shù)據(jù)所在地址的指針而被保存。該指針稱為數(shù)據(jù)描述指針。 當(dāng)一個(gè)設(shè)備發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中另一個(gè)設(shè)備的出現(xiàn)時(shí)，設(shè)備描述就會被傳送以提供關(guān)于該新設(shè)備的基本信息。設(shè)備描述由5 個(gè)部分組成：節(jié)點(diǎn)描述（node