高三情態(tài)動詞復習課件

1、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 方法技巧方法技巧方法一方法一 了解命題規(guī)律了解命題規(guī)律測試內容出現(xiàn)頻率較高的情態(tài)動詞主要集中測試內容出現(xiàn)頻率較高的情態(tài)動詞主要集中在在 can， may， must， need 等詞的用法上，等詞的用法上， 重點為以下四點重點為以下四點:1.can ， could 表能力的用法。表能力的用法。2. 常見情態(tài)動詞的提問和回答，常見情態(tài)動詞的提問和回答， 尤其是尤其是 May I ？ No，you mustnt/ cant. Must I ? No, you neednt/ 3. 表示推測的用法，表示推測的用法， 肯定句中用肯定句中用may （可能）（可能） must （一定）（

2、一定） 否定句中用否定句中用may not（可能不）（可能不）cant（不可能）注意（不可能）注意 cant 與與mustnt 的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。4. 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。 方法二方法二 掌握突破方法掌握突破方法1. 從整體上把握情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。從整體上把握情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。例例 _ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is.A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must2. 逐個學習，了解每個情態(tài)動詞的用法特征。逐個學習，了解每個情態(tài)動詞的用法

3、特征。例例 May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. needA表請求，許可表請求，許可c媽媽對孩子媽媽對孩子提出的要求提出的要求 必須必須3.認真區(qū)別具有相同功能的、認真區(qū)別具有相同功能的、 意思相近的情態(tài)動意思相近的情態(tài)動詞的用法。詞的用法。例例 You _ get there by bus.A. dont need B. neednt to C. dont need to D. need dont to4. 解答情態(tài)動詞的題目時，一定要解答

4、情態(tài)動詞的題目時，一定要細心領會情景細心領會情景特征，不要放過任何細節(jié)，特征，不要放過任何細節(jié)， 只有這樣才能找到足只有這樣才能找到足夠的信息，確定最佳答案夠的信息，確定最佳答案。例例 You _ worry about me. Its nothing serious.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wontc由選項由選項A 可知可知 need 為為實義動詞實義動詞， 故應加上故應加上to 才才正確。正確。 選項選項 B neednt為為情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞， 應去掉應去掉toc不必不必常用的情態(tài)動詞常用的情態(tài)動詞can （could）may（might）shall（

5、should）will （would） must（must）dare （dared）need （need）have to ought to be able toused toThe feature（特點）（特點） of the modal verbs: 1. 情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義, 但詞義不完全但詞義不完全. 2. 不能單獨作謂語不能單獨作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語. 3. 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化( 除除“have to”). 4. 沒有沒有不定式不定式、V-ing 、V-ed 形式形式. He can/could/

6、must/may/might/shall/ should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.He has to go home now.He had to look after his sick mother.在情態(tài)動詞的使用中在情態(tài)動詞的使用中, , 我們要注意以下考點我們要注意以下考點: :1. 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。2. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have +P.P的用法。的用法。3. 情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。4. 情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句的用法。情

7、態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句的用法。5. 情態(tài)動詞特殊短語的用法。情態(tài)動詞特殊短語的用法。6. 情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法歸納情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法歸納1.表表“能力能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.注意：注意：be able to 表示經(jīng)過一番努力后表示經(jīng)過一番努力后,才能做才能做得到的得到的“能力能力”.且有多種時態(tài)且有多種時態(tài). 表示成功完成表示成功完成某一具體工作時，用某一具體工作時，用was/were able to, 而不用而不用could.The fire spread through t

8、he hotel very quickly but everyone _ get outA. had to B. would C. could D. was able to can ,could的用法的用法2.表表“請求請求,許可許可”could用來表示請求的時候比用來表示請求的時候比can 更委婉更委婉Can you help me with my English?He said I could borrow his bike.Could I use your bike? Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _A. might

9、 B. will C. can D. should3.表表“可能性可能性”在在肯定句肯定句中表示中表示理論上的理論上的可能性，可能性，“經(jīng)驗之談經(jīng)驗之談”As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.在在疑問句疑問句中表推測中表推測,表示表示可能性或驚訝的語氣可能性或驚訝的語氣What on earth can this mean? How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ,for Mr. Bush is on time for everything.在在否定句否定句中表推測，翻譯

10、成中表推測，翻譯成“不可能不可能 ”即：即： cant / couldnt : 不可能不可能We thought the story couldnt be true. 1. Mary _ be in Paris， ，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A mustnt B cant C shouldnt D may not2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would1.表表“詢問詢問” (might比

11、用比用may更客氣更客氣.) May I ? (=Can I ?)Might I ? (=Could I ?)May I borrow your book?may與與might用法用法May I pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont注意：注意：may I ? 的答語的答語.肯定肯定: Yes, you may . 否定否定: No, you mustnt (語氣強硬語氣強硬) No, you may not. 或或 No, youd

12、better not.2.表表“許可許可”You may take the boy thereHe said that I might use his telephone. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could3.表表推測推測，表示主觀上的推測，表示主觀上的推測，“可能，可能，也許也許”，不用于疑問句不用于疑問句, might比比may的可能性更小的可能性更小She may not like this place. Im afraid he might not like this

13、place. Peter come with us tonight， ，but he isnt very sure yet A must B may C can D will 1.must 表示主觀上的表示主觀上的必須必須，應該應該，沒有時態(tài)，沒有時態(tài)變化。變化。 You must do everything as I do.注意注意:Must I finish my homework today? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.must 的用法的用法“必須必須、不得不不得不”must表示的是說話人的主觀看法。表示的

14、是說話人的主觀看法。 have to 表示的是客觀需要。（表示的是客觀需要。（是由于某種外是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而界（客觀）原因而“必須必須”，“不得不不得不”做某做某事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的事事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的事“必須必須”做。）做。）have to的否定形式表示的否定形式表示不必不必。have to可用于可用于多種時態(tài)中。多種時態(tài)中。 You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.We have to be at our classroom every evening.1. In crowded

15、places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will2. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he _. A. need B. must C. may D. will3. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. m

16、ay; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must2. must表示肯定的推測。表示肯定的推測。 The light is still on, so he must be at home.Look at his new car. He _ have a lot of money.A. should B. shall C. may D. must3.must表示表示“一定要一定要”、“堅持堅持” “偏要偏要”、“偏偏偏偏” 。表。表示與說話人的愿望相反示與說話人的愿望相反. If you must go，at least wait till the storm i

17、s overMust you make so much noise？你偏要弄出那么？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？多噪音？May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must4. mustnt 表示表示禁止禁止做某事。做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the office.When I was young , I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mus

18、tnt D. darentshall作作助動詞助動詞，用于第一人稱，表示將來，用于第一人稱，表示將來，should 是是shall 的過去式的過去式We shall start for Beijing tomorrow.shall作作情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞1： 用于用于第一人稱第一人稱和和第三人稱第三人稱，表示征求對，表示征求對方意見或請求指示方意見或請求指示 Shall we begin our lesson? Shall I/she sit here?shall與與should用法用法-Sir, _ he go or stay?-Let him go.A. will B. shall C. mi

19、ght D. could2: shall 用于用于第二第二、三人稱三人稱，表示，表示允諾、警告、允諾、警告、威脅、命令、決心威脅、命令、決心等。等。You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. You shall have a nice present for your birthday. You shall be sorry for what you have done. When he comes in nobody shall say a word. Nothing shall stop us fr

20、om carrying out this plan.(允諾允諾)(允諾允諾)(警告警告)(命令命令)(決心決心)1. It has been announced that candidates(候選候選人人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall2. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont t

21、ake care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt3). shall用于用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件等文件中，表示一種義務，多用于第三人稱中。中，表示一種義務，多用于第三人稱中?！癟he interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall 1. should= ought to 表示勸告，建

22、議，意表示勸告，建議，意為為“應該應該”，ought to 語氣更強些，強調語氣更強些，強調“有責任，有有責任，有義務做義務做”A: Ill start the work tomorrow.B: I think you should start today.C: No, you ought to start at once. (語氣更強）語氣更強） should / ought to的否定形式表示的否定形式表示“不應該不應該”Children shouldnt / oughtnt to smoke.should的用法的用法Hows your tour around the North Lake

23、? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B. would C. should D. mustWhat time ought I _?Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arriveHe _ speak to his mother like that.Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not2. should 可表示說話人的感情如可表示說話人的感情如 “驚奇驚奇” “憤怒憤怒” “失望失望” “不滿不滿”

24、等等.翻譯為翻譯為“竟然，竟然，居然居然”I dont believe that the little girl should speak two different languages! 我不相信這個小女孩竟然能說兩種不同的語言！我不相信這個小女孩竟然能說兩種不同的語言！I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educatedgentleman _ behave like this!A.would B. should C. can D. must3. should表表推測推測, 意為意為“可能；該可能；該”, 相當于相當于be expected to。往往。往往指

25、具有一定的客觀根據(jù)指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的或根據(jù)推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性可能性”進進行描述，語氣上不如行描述，語氣上不如must強。強。2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12： ：00 A can B should C might D need3. Its nearly seven oclock Jack _ be here at any moment A must B need C should D can1. Will Mr.

26、Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad to He never refused our request A can B must C may D should 1. will 作情態(tài)動詞用時在陳述句中可作情態(tài)動詞用時在陳述句中可用各人稱作主語用各人稱作主語, 表示其表示其 “意志意志” “意意愿愿” “決心決心”等等.I will never do that again.I will give up smoking. Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. No, I.A. dont B. can

27、t C. wont D. couldntwill 和和would 的用法的用法2. will 在在疑問句中用第二人稱疑問句中用第二人稱作主語作主語, 表表示說話人向對方示說話人向對方提出請示或詢問提出請示或詢問. 不如不如would委婉委婉Will /Would you pass me the book?Will he pay for me?Would you like to come with us?3. will 有時表示一種習慣動作或狀態(tài)或自然規(guī)有時表示一種習慣動作或狀態(tài)或自然規(guī)律律. (表示習慣表示習慣, 經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性, 傾向性傾向性)慣于慣于, 總是總是(會會), 終終歸是歸是 。B

28、oys will be boys. 男孩終歸是男孩。男孩終歸是男孩。 Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮濕就火柴潮濕就擦不著。擦不著。 The door _ open.這門經(jīng)常打不開。這門經(jīng)常打不開。 wontwould 可以表示過去習慣發(fā)生的動作可以表示過去習慣發(fā)生的動作.used to表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作或存在的習慣，表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作或存在的習慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復存在了。但現(xiàn)在已不復存在了。 would 與與used to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long tim

29、e every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would1.作為情態(tài)動作為情態(tài)動詞詞用，常用在用，常用在否定句和疑問句否定句和疑問句中。中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he do it all at once?可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：可兼做行

30、為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 、 dare dare ,need 的用法的用法2.作作實義動詞實義動詞用，常用在用，常用在肯定句中肯定句中, 有人稱、有人稱、時態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化時態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, require)+ doing/ to be done The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital

31、at once.1.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day. A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off3.The dog hibernate(冬眠冬眠) in winter. A. dont need B. doesn

32、t need to C. needs not to D. needs not注意對注意對need問句的回答問句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 對其它情態(tài)動詞的回答對其它情態(tài)動詞的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to) neednt(dont have to)1. must +

33、 have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對在對過去過去事物的事物的肯定肯定推測。推測。 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have + P.P.He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已經(jīng)六點鐘了，我們一定又遲到了已經(jīng)六點鐘了，我們一定又遲到了2. cant/couldnt+have+P.P表示對表示對過過去去某事的某事的否定否定猜測猜測He couldnt have been to that

34、 town.3. may(might)+ have+P.P, 表示對表示對過去過去事事情的猜測情的猜測, 認為某事認為某事“可能可能”發(fā)生發(fā)生. (might比比may更含蓄更含蓄,或更不肯定或更不肯定.)He may (might) have played electric game on TV the whole night. (For he looks very sleepy.)could+have+P.Pa.表示本來能做得到表示本來能做得到, 但事實上未做到但事實上未做到can+have+P.Pb. 表示對過去事情的推測表示對過去事情的推測(只用于疑只用于疑問句問句) He could

35、 have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.He didnt come back last night . What could have happened to him.4. should/ ought to + have +P.P.過去本過去本該做，而事實上卻沒有做該做，而事實上卻沒有做，表，表 “責備責備” 或或 “惋惜惋惜” should not / ought not to + have + P.P. 過去本過去本不該做，而事實上卻做了不該做，而事實上卻做了，表，表 “責備責備” 或或 “惋惜惋惜”The plan

36、t is dead. I should have given it more water.You should not have left your baby alone in the house.5. neednt + have + P.P.表示表示本來不必本來不必做，但做了做，但做了.She need not have attend the meeting yesterday, but she did.(她昨天本不必參加會議，可她參加了她昨天本不必參加會議，可她參加了.)情態(tài)動詞短語的使用情態(tài)動詞短語的使用:would like to dowould rather dowould rath

37、er + 從句從句would prefer to do.had better do.情態(tài)動詞特殊短語用法情態(tài)動詞特殊短語用法can和和 could 的一些固定搭配的一些固定搭配1.cant/couldnt help doing 忍不?。徊唤滩蛔?；不禁 He cant help laughing.2.cant/couldnt but + 動詞原形動詞原形: 只好只好 ；不得；不得不不I couldnt but admit that he was right and I was wrong.我不得不承認他對了，我錯了。我不得不承認他對了，我錯了。3.cannot/couldnt too + 副詞

38、副詞/形容詞形容詞; cannot/couldnt +副詞副詞/形容詞形容詞 + enough無論無論也不過分；也不過分； 越越越好越好You cant be too careful when crossing the street. may 和和might 的某些固定搭配的某些固定搭配1. may well + 動詞原形動詞原形 理應理應 ；有足夠的理；有足夠的理由由 We may well say she is a good teacher. 我們大可說她是一位優(yōu)秀的老師。我們大可說她是一位優(yōu)秀的老師。2. may/might as well + 動詞原形動詞原形 不妨不妨 ；還不；還不如

39、如 You never listen- I might as well talk to a brick wall. 你從來不聽我的話，我還不如對著一堵墻說話。你從來不聽我的話，我還不如對著一堵墻說話。情態(tài)動詞表情態(tài)動詞表推測歸納推測歸納表示推測表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法情態(tài)動詞的重要用法肯定的推測肯定的推測可能的推測可能的推測否定的推測否定的推測疑問的推測疑問的推測must 對將來對將來 對現(xiàn)在對現(xiàn)在 對過去對過去情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞may, mightcould, can cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見常見must be + be

40、doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing情態(tài)動詞的情態(tài)動詞的反義疑問句反義疑問句You must be hungry now, _?= Im sure you are hungry now.He must be watching TV now, _?= Im sure he is watching TV now.Tom must have lived here for a long time, _?= Im sure Tom has

41、 lived here for a long time.She must have arrived yesterday, _?= Im sure she arrived yesterday.陳述部分的陳述部分的情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示推測意義時表示推測意義時,要根據(jù)陳述要根據(jù)陳述部分的不定式結構部分的不定式結構, 在附加疑問部分采用與其相適在附加疑問部分采用與其相適應的主動詞或助動詞形式應的主動詞或助動詞形式.arent youisnt hehasnt hedidnt she1. Jenny must have won the match, _? A. hasnt she B. doesnt sh

42、e C. mustnt she D. cant she 2. You must have seen the film last night, _ you?A.havent B. mustnt C. didnt D. hadnt3. Mr. Zhou must be working in the office, _ he?A. mustnt B. cant C. doesnt D. isnthave to 用于反意問句用于反意問句You wont have to worry about rank or spy, will you?He had to wait for the next bus,

43、didnt he?Her mother is ill. She has to leave here, doesnt she? 帶帶must句子的反意問句句子的反意問句He must do it all over again, mustnt he? (必須必須)We must finish the work in an hour, neednt we?(必要必要)You mustnt walk on grass, must you?(禁止禁止) 主主 句句 If 從從 句句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來would + dodidwould + have donehad doneWould + dodid/should do/were to do情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法1. Would 用于用于if的條件