2022高考英語統(tǒng)考一輪復習語法專題突破專題六非謂語動詞課件牛津譯林版

1、語 法 專 題突破專題六非謂語動詞英英 語語2022內 容 索 引核心考點 課堂突破專項訓練 鞏固提升核心核心考點考點 課堂課堂突破突破高考感悟高考感悟.單句填空1.(2020全國卷)chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard change-4 (find) and study areas of the south pole-aitken basin.2.(2020全國卷)they represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginning

2、s.3.(2020全國卷)they make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.4.(2020全國卷)they are easy (care) for and make great presents.to findcomingdecoratedto care5.(2020全國卷)the next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.6.(

3、2020全國卷)and when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.7.(2019全國卷)modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.8.(2019

4、全國卷)scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are higher than they actually are.to findsurroundingto performnoting9.(2019全國卷)a 90-year-old has been awarded “woman of the year” for (be)britains o

5、ldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week.10.(2019全國卷)picking up her “l(fā)ifetime achievement” award,proud irene declared she had no plans to (retire) from her 36-year-old business.11.(2019全國卷)on the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful f

6、arm on the north shore under the stars,(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.beingretirelistening12.(2018全國卷)you may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.13.(2018全國卷)you dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.dyingto see.單句改錯1.(20

7、20全國卷)i like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and i thought it must be easy to cook. 2.(2020全國卷)my mom told me how to preparing it. 3.(2020全國卷)i tell my mom that if were forced eat things,we may become ill. fryingfriedpreparingprepareforced后加to4.(2019全國卷)all the football players on the playground ch

8、eered loudly,say that i had a talent for football. 5.(2019全國卷)i want my cafe have a special theme such as “tang dynasty”. 6.(2019全國卷)if i succeed in manage one,i will open more. saysaying在cafe后加tomanagemanaging考點歸納考點歸納考點一非謂語動詞的基本形式考點一非謂語動詞的基本形式類別基本形式一般式進行式完成式不定式to do;to be doneto be doingto have don

9、e;to have been done動詞-ing形式doing;being done having done;having been done過去分詞done考點二考點二非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞的用法用法 作主語 作表語作賓語作定語作狀語作補語表具體的或一次性的動作,特別是將來的動作1.動詞的賓語2.少數(shù)介詞,如but,except后可跟不定式3.不少形容詞后可接不定式1.表將來的動作2.修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no/all/any/only等限定的詞3.用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞1.表示目的2.表示結果:only to do;enough to do;so/such.as to do;too.to

10、 do3.表示原因或條件表示將來動作作主語 作表語作賓語作定語作狀語作補語動詞-ing形式表示一般性、習慣性的動作,或抽象性的動作,或表示主語的特征:it is no use/no good/fun/nice doing.there is no doing.1.動詞的賓語(有些動詞只接動詞-ing形式)2.介詞的賓語3.形容詞后跟賓語表示正在進行的和主動的動作(having done/having been done不作定語)表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等;一般式表示與主句同時進行;完成式強調發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前表示正在進行作主語 作表語作賓語作定語作狀語作補語過 去

11、分詞說明主語的狀態(tài),或表示被動動作表示已經(jīng)完成或被動(不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表示已經(jīng)完成)與主句主語之間是被動關系表示被動關系考點三非謂語動詞作賓語考點三非謂語動詞作賓語情況常用動詞只接不定式作賓語的動詞hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式作賓語的動詞或短語mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciat

12、e,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,cant help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to情況常用動詞兩者都可以意義基本相同begin,sta

13、rt,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具體的動作,接動詞-ing形式多指一般或習慣行為)need,want,require,deserve (接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,若接不定式則應用被動形式)意義不同stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stop doing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regret to do(指動作尚未發(fā)生)remember/forget/regret doing(指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)go on to do(接著做另外一件事)go on doing(接著做同一件事)try to d

14、o(設法,努力去做,盡力做)try doing(試著去做)mean to do(打算做,企圖做) mean doing(意思是,意味著)考點四非謂語動詞作狀語考點四非謂語動詞作狀語形式類別例句不定式目的、原因、條件、結果my parents will be delighted to see you.(條件)i come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)were proud to be young people of china.(原因)動詞-ing形式時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況being a teacher,you should

15、help your students in every way.(原因)he comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(結果)using your head,youll find a good way.(條件)working so hard,he failed again.(讓步)they eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)he sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴隨)形式類別例句過去分詞時間、原因、條件、方式、伴

16、隨、結果、讓步born in a poor family,nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)when asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(時間)some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(條件)encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.(讓步)the patie

17、nt got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)the girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(結果)注意以下是獨立成分作狀語,其形式不受前后文的影響。如:considering.(鑒于/考慮到);generally speaking(一般來說);judging by/from.(從來看,依據(jù)來判斷);supposing that.(假如);providing that.(假如);owing to.(由于);speaking of.(談及);given

18、.(考慮到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(實話實說);to be honest(老實說)等?？键c五非謂語動詞作補足語考點五非謂語動詞作補足語形式常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念例句wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,call on,depend on(接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語)主謂關系(表主動)。強調動作即將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成we depend on you to help us out of tr

19、ouble.i made him do his work.he was made to do his work (by me).they saw the boy fall suddenly off the tree.the boy was seen to fall suddenly off the tree.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等感官動詞(詞組)和let,make,have等使役動詞后面,不定式作賓語補足語時要省略to。這樣的動詞可歸納為:五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice;三讓:let,make,have;二

20、聽:hear,listen to;一感覺:feel。注意:當以上動詞用于被動語態(tài)的句子中時,to要還原形式常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念例句動詞-ing形式notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主謂關系(表主動)。強調動作正在進行,尚未完成i found her listening to the radio when i passed by.過去分詞動賓關系(表被動)。動作已經(jīng)完成,多強調狀態(tài)we found the village greatly changed.注意find,leave(使處于某種狀態(tài)),keep(使保持某種狀態(tài))后一般跟動詞

21、-ing形式和過去分詞作補足語,而不跟動詞不定式。what you said left me thinking.你所說的令我思考?？键c六非謂語動詞作定語考點六非謂語動詞作定語1.不定式作定語不定式作定語可表示該動作尚未發(fā)生;被修飾的詞為ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名詞時,一般用不定式作定語;不定式常用于不定代詞或被the first/next/only/last等修飾的名詞后作定語;如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系,在不及物動詞后通常要加上適當?shù)慕樵~。the airport to be comple

22、ted next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年要竣工的飛機場將有助于促進這個地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。he has a chance and has become the first to go abroad in our town.他擁有一個機會而且已經(jīng)成為我們鎮(zhèn)上第一個出國的人。he wanted to find a house to live in.他想找個房子住。2.動詞-ing形式作定語當被修飾的名詞與非謂語動詞之間為主動關系時用動詞-ing形式;當為被動關系且表示動作正在進行時用being done的形式;當被修飾的名詞與非謂語動

23、詞之間為被動關系且動作已經(jīng)完成時要用having been done的形式,having been done不作定語。動詞-ing形式作定語一般要求其動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或在說話時該動作正在進行,否則就用定語從句。動詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾詞的用途時,與被修飾詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關系。today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.與以前相比,現(xiàn)在天空中有更多的飛機來運送更多的乘客。the houses being built are for the st

24、udents.正在蓋的這些房子是給學生的。a sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.安眠藥會幫助你很快入睡。3.過去分詞作定語動詞-ed形式作定語與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系,表示動作已完成。及物過去分詞作定語表示被動和完成,少數(shù)不及物過去分詞作定語只表示完成,不表被動。the retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.這位退休工人正在掃路上的落葉?？键c七獨立主格結構考點七獨立主格結構名詞(代詞)+動詞-ing形式the clock striking t

25、welve,i went to bed.(表原因)名詞(代詞)+過去分詞he lay on his back in bed,his hands crossed under his head.(表伴隨)enough time given,she will surely do the job better.(表條件)名詞(代詞)+不定式here are the first three volumes,the fourth one to come out next month.(表伴隨)he proposed a picnic,he himself to pay for the railway ti

26、ckets and john to provide the food.(表方式)名詞(代詞)+形容詞短語her face pale with anger,she rose to go away.(表原因)i saw a deep pond,the water blue like the sky.(表結果)名詞(代詞)+介詞短語then,last night,i followed him here and climbed in,sword in hand.(表方式)child in arms,a few women stood there chatting.(表方式)名詞(代詞)+副詞短語sum

27、mer over,the students returned to school.(表原因)名詞(代詞)+名詞短語his first shot a failure,tom fired again.(表原因)考點八考點八with的復合結構的復合結構with+賓語+形容詞the children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open.(表伴隨)with+賓語+介詞短語the old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand.(表方式)with+賓語+副詞the prou

28、d girl walked away with her head up.(表方式)with+賓語+動詞-ing形式mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.(表原因)with+賓語+過去分詞if you sit looking away from a person,or with your back turned,you are saying you are not interested in that person.(表方式)with+賓語+不定式with too much work to do the next day,he f

29、elt anxious and didnt sleep well.(表原因)考點九不定式的主動形式表示被動含義考點九不定式的主動形式表示被動含義be+表示特征、性質的形容詞+不定式不定式中動詞要用主動式,且是及物動詞或是“不及物動詞+介詞”的形式常用形容詞有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clev

30、er,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong疑問詞+不定式i dont know what to do.be+不定式blame/seek/let he is to blame for the accident.專項專項訓練訓練 鞏固鞏固提升提升.單句填空1.(dress) in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.2.i couldnt do my homework with all that noise (go) on.3.tom sounds very much (interest) in

31、the job,but im not sure whether he can manage it.4.he hurried to the station only (find) that the train had left.5.the repairs cost a lot,but its money well (spend).dressedgoinginterestedto findspent6.(find) the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.7. (eat) at the cafeteria bef

32、ore,tina didnt want to eat there again.8.tony lent me the money,(hope) that id do as much for him.9.when (ask) for his views about his teaching job,philip said he found it interesting and rewarding.10.do you wake up every morning (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?findinghaving eatenhopin

33、gaskedfeeling.單句改錯1.modern people know more about health,have better food,and to live in clearer surroundings. 2.suddenly mary,my best friend,asked me to let her to copy my answers. 3.he had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. 4.id like very much come but i have an

34、 examination on monday morning. 5.my parents love me of course and will do all they can make sure that i get a good education. 去掉live前的to去掉copy前的tofirst后加tocome前加tomake前加to6.as we climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories. 7.i also shared with my friends many photos takin

35、g in beijing. 8.but his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. 9.its like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. 10.i have some records giving to me as birthday gifts. visitingvisitedtakingtakengo goinghavehavinggivinggiven.語法填空 parents ar

36、e examples of children and children are the apple of parents.in a family that attaches importance to education,parents are their kids guiding stars.prevention is better than cure.parents must learn 1. (lead) by example,but leading by example doesnt call for perfection by any means.there is no good 2. (use) too many words.the lessons that you teach your children by 3. (do) things the right way in their presence are far more long lasting.to leadusingdoingit is okay 4.