雙電源自動轉換控制器外文翻譯

1、電子科技大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文文獻翻譯畢業(yè)設計（論文）題目多路可調(diào)輸出直流穩(wěn)壓電源的設計與制作翻譯題目基于壓降型PWM開關電源的建模、仿真和減少傳導性電磁干擾學 院電子信息學院專 業(yè)電子信息科學與技術姓 名陳平飛班 級07041911學 號07041909指導教師陳瑾作者：A. Farhadi國籍：伊朗出處：0:8000/rewriter/EI基于壓降型PWM開關電源的建模、仿真和減少傳導性電磁干擾摘要：電子設備之中雜亂的輻射或者能量叫做電磁干擾(EMI)。尤其是在開關電源中的電力電子轉換器經(jīng)常高速切換時，雖然提高了工作效率，卻導致轉換器產(chǎn)生了電磁干擾。在這

2、篇論文之中介紹了各種各樣的傳導干擾，電磁干擾規(guī)章以及傳導性電磁干擾的測量。如果電子設備的電磁干擾符合國家或者國際規(guī)章稱為電磁兼容性（EMC）。電力電子系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)商一定要重視電子設備的電磁兼容性。電磁兼容性評估的第一步就是建模和仿真。在這篇論文中提出了基于壓降型脈寬調(diào)制開關電源的電磁干擾仿真結果。為了提高電子設備的電磁兼容性,在論文中介紹了一些技術，并且通過仿真提高了電子設備的工作效率。關鍵字：傳導，電磁兼容性，電磁干擾，線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡，開關電源一.前言在電力電子領域中，快速半導體的出現(xiàn)使高速度，高頻率的開關切換成為了可能1。高速的開關造成設備的重量和體積的減少，但與此同時這也造成了一些不利的影

3、響，比如無線頻率的干擾2。生產(chǎn)商將生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品投放到市場，遵守電磁兼容性規(guī)章是必要的。在設計階段考慮電磁兼容性問題是非常重要的3。在開發(fā)產(chǎn)品前，建模和仿真是分析電磁兼容性最有效的工具。許多以前的研究都有涉及到電力電子元件的低頻分析45。不同類型的電力電子轉換器都能夠被用來當做電磁的干擾源。電磁干擾源可以通過輻射和傳導兩種方式來傳播。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡被用來測量和計算電磁干擾影響的程度6。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡輸出的干擾頻譜被引為電磁兼容性的評估標準7,8。國家或國際規(guī)章是電子設備電磁兼容性評估的一個參考的方面78。二、來源，途徑和電磁干擾的受害者雜亂的電壓或者電流被稱為干擾，而它們的來源被稱為干擾源。本

4、論文中的干擾源就是一個高速的開關電源。干擾通過輻射的方式在干擾源周圍傳播或通過和常見的電纜或電線連接進行傳導。在這項研究中只考慮傳導發(fā)射設備，如電腦，接收器，放大器，工業(yè)控制器等。這些被干擾源輻射的設備被稱為受害者。常見的元素，源頭接線，布線為噪聲以及干擾的傳導提供了途徑。電磁傳導干擾有差模和共模兩種干擾方法9。A.差模傳導干擾這種模式就是將一個噪聲源的噪聲施加到一個測試電路的不同線路。它的電路如下圖1所示9。在圖1中也顯示了干擾源，路徑阻抗，差模電流以及負載阻抗。 圖1差模傳導干擾路徑B.常見的干擾方式共模噪聲或干擾可能出現(xiàn)在電線或者電纜的連接點。負載和接地點的任意泄露都可以被認為是電壓干擾

5、源。圖2演示了共模干擾源在共模電流為Icm1和Icm2時相關的電流路徑9。電力電子轉換器可以被用來作為供應網(wǎng)絡線路之間的噪音源。在這項研究中不同的傳導干擾模式是非常重要的，所以討論只會在這種模式下被繼續(xù)考慮。三、電磁兼容性規(guī)章電子設備的應用，特別是那些擁有靜態(tài)電力電子轉換器的電子設備越來越多。就像前面講的一樣，電力電子轉換器被視為一個重要的電磁干擾源，并能使電網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生腐壞。各種各樣的干擾造成的高污染降低了電網(wǎng)電能的質(zhì)量。另一方面，一些住宅，廣告，特別是醫(yī)療器件對電力系統(tǒng)的電壓及頻率變化的干擾非常敏感。最好的解決干擾和提高電能質(zhì)量的方法就是遵守國家或國際電磁兼容性規(guī)定。國際無線電干擾特別委員會，國

6、際電工委員會標準，美國聯(lián)邦通訊委員會和德國電氣工程師協(xié)會認證是歐洲，美國，德國最有名的決策并且出版最重要電磁兼容性法規(guī)的組織。IEC和VDE在傳導發(fā)射上的需要和限制如圖 3 和圖 4所示7,9。 圖2共模傳導干擾路徑圖3 IEC管理排放標準不同的消費者群體可以遵守不同類別的規(guī)定。A類為普通的消費者，B類為具有更苛刻限制的消費者，在圖 3 和圖 4這兩者被分開。IEC和VDE頻率范圍不同，前者范圍為150 千赫茲 到 30 兆赫茲，后者的范圍為10 千赫茲 到 30 兆赫茲，在上述法規(guī)規(guī)定要求的頻率范圍內(nèi)，法規(guī)的遵守情況被用來測量或者計算傳導干擾的水平。在歐美社會電磁兼容性法規(guī)的遵行是強制的，產(chǎn)

7、品必須要有認證的標簽以表示達到法規(guī)的要求8。 圖4 VDE管理排放標準四、電磁傳導干擾測試A. 線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡（LISN）線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡是提供一個標準的工業(yè)元素被放置在供應和電力電子轉換器之間， 包括加載一個接口以便可以對傳導干擾進行測量7，所述的情況如圖5 所示6。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡應具有以下幾個特點，以滿足測量條件7。1- 提供一個低阻抗路徑轉移源動力到電力電子轉換器以及負載。2- 干擾源提供一個低阻抗路徑，電力電子轉換器用來測量路徑端口。 圖5 LISN網(wǎng)絡布局測量傳導干擾B. 線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡拓撲線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡比較常見的拓撲結構如圖6所示7。圖6 LISN網(wǎng)絡常見的拓撲結構圖7中給

8、出了線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡的阻抗與頻率的變化以及前面提到的拓撲結構。線性阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡在電磁干擾測量范圍之內(nèi)擁有穩(wěn)定的阻抗7。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡輸出的信號電平與頻率的變化就是干擾頻譜。一個系統(tǒng)的電磁兼容性可以通過比較它的干擾頻譜和標準的限制來進行評估。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡輸出的信號電平范圍在10千赫茲 到30 千赫茲 或者150 千赫茲 到30兆赫茲之間，這就是標準的電磁兼容性，并且它處在標準的限定范圍里。在實際的情況下，線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡是連接到頻譜分析儀上進行干擾測量的。但是為了建模和仿真的目的，線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡的輸出頻譜是通過相應的軟件來進行計算的。五結論本論文提到了由于快速地開關半導體器件會在電力電子

9、轉換器中出現(xiàn)電磁干擾，電磁干擾有輻射干擾和傳導干擾兩種，本論文研究了兩者之中的傳導干擾。論文中對相容性的法規(guī)和傳導干擾的測量進行了解釋。本文對線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡進行了描述，它是除了拓撲結構，參數(shù)和工藝之外測量過程中的一個重要組成部分。本文對壓降型脈寬調(diào)制 直流/直流 轉換器的電磁干擾進行了考慮和模擬。對于現(xiàn)在的機構，減少電磁干擾的水平是非常必要的。這表明壓降型脈寬調(diào)制開關電源的電磁干擾程度可以減弱，通過控制占空比，占空比變化以及參考電壓頻率的參數(shù)。Modeling, Simulation, and Reduction of Conducted Electromagnetic Interferen

10、ce Due to a PWM Buck Type Switching Power Supply I A. Farhadi Abstract:Undesired generation of radiated or conducted energy in electrical systems is called Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). High speed switching frequency in power electronics converters especially in switching power supplies improv

11、es efficiency but leads to EMI. Different kind of conducted interference, EMI regulations and conducted EMI measurement are introduced in this paper. Compliancy with national or international regulation is called Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Power electronic systems producers must regard EMC

12、. Modeling and simulation is the first step of EMC evaluation. EMI simulation results due to a PWM Buck type switching power supply are presented in this paper. To improve EMC, some techniques are introduced and their effectiveness proved by simulation. Index Terms:Conducted, EMC, EMI, LISN, Switchi

13、ng Supply I. INTRODUCTION FAST semiconductors make it possible to have high speed and high frequency switching in power electronics . High speed switching causes weight and volume reduction of equipment, but some unwanted effects such as radio frequency interference appeared . Compliance with electr

14、omagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations is necessary for producers to present their products to the markets. It is important to take EMC aspects already in design phase . Modeling and simulation is the most effective tool to analyze EMC consideration before developing the products. A lot of the pr

15、evious studies concerned the low frequency analysis of power electronics components . Different types of power electronics converters are capable to be considered as source of EMI. They could propagate the EMI in both radiated and conducted forms. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) is requi

16、red for measurement and calculation of conducted interference level . Interference spectrum at the output of LISN is introduced as the EMC evaluation criterion . National or international regulations are the references for the evaluation of equipment in point of view of EMC . II. SOURCE, PATH AND VI

17、CTIM OF EMI Undesired voltage or current is called interference and their cause is called interference source. In this paper a high-speed switching power supply is the source of interference. Interference propagated by radiation in area around of an interference source or by conduction through commo

18、n cabling or wiring connections. In this study conducted emission is considered only. Equipment such as computers, receivers, amplifiers, industrial controllers, etc that are exposed to interference corruption are called victims. The common connections of elements, source lines and cabling provide p

19、aths for conducted noise or interference. Electromagnetic conducted interference has two components as differential mode and common mode . A. Differential mode conducted interference This mode is related to the noise that is imposed between different lines of a test circuit by a noise source. Relate

20、d current path is shown in Fig. 1 . The interference source, path impedances, differential mode current and load impedance are also shown in Fig. 1. B. Common mode conducted interference Common mode noise or interference could appear and impose between the lines, cables or connections and common gro

21、und. Any leakage current between load and common ground could be modeled by interference voltage source. Fig. 2 demonstrates the common mode interference source, common mode currents Icm1 and Icm2 and the related current paths. The power electronics converters perform as noise source between lines o

22、f the supply network. In this study differential mode of conducted interference is particularly important and discussion will be continued considering this mode only. III. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REGULATIONS Application of electrical equipment especially static power electronic converters in d

23、ifferent equipment is increasing more and more. As mentioned before, power electronics converters are considered as an important source of electromagnetic interference and have corrupting effects on the electric networks . High level of pollution resulting from various disturbances reduces the quali

24、ty of power in electric networks. On the other side some residential, commercial and especially medical consumers are so sensitive to power system disturbances including voltage and frequency variations. The best solution to reduce corruption and improve power quality is complying national or intern

25、ational EMC regulations. CISPR, IEC, FCC and VDE are among the most famous organizations from Europe, USA and Germany who are responsible for determining and publishing the most important EMC regulations. IEC and VDE requirement and limitations on conducted emission are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 .

26、For different groups of consumers different classes of regulations could be complied. Class A for common consumers and class B with more hard limitations for special consumers are separated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Frequency range of limitation is different for IEC and VDE that are 150 kHz up to 30 MHz

27、 and 10 kHz up to 30 MHz respectively. Compliance of regulations is evaluated by comparison of measured or calculated conducted interference level in the mentioned frequency range with the stated requirements in regulations. In united European community compliance of regulation is mandatory and prod

28、ucts must have certified label to show covering of requirements . IV. ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT A. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN)1-Providing a low impedance path to transfer power from source to power electronics converter and load. 2-Providing a low impedance p

29、ath from interference source, here power electronics converter, to measurement port. Variation of LISN impedance versus frequency with the mentioned topology is presented in Fig. 7. LISN has stabilized impedance in the range of conducted EMI measurement . Variation of level of signal at the output o

30、f LISN versus frequency is the spectrum of interference. The electromagnetic compatibility of a system can be evaluated by comparison of its interference spectrum with the standard limitations. The level of signal at the output of LISN in frequency range 10 kHz up to 30 MHz or 150 kHz up to 30 MHz i

31、s criterion of compatibility and should be under the standard limitations. In practical situations, the LISN output is connected to a spectrum analyzer and interference measurement is carried out. But for modeling and simulation purposes, the LISN output spectrum is calculated using appropriate soft

32、ware. 參考文獻1 Mohan, Undeland, and Robbins, “Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design” 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2003. 2 P. Moy, “EMC Related Issues for Power Electronics”, IEEE, Automotive Power Electronics, 1989, 28-29 Aug. 1989 pp. 46 53. 3 M. J. Nave, “Prediction of Conducted Interference i