必修三MODULE1

1、book 3 module 1europe athens /nz / n. 雅典雅典 greece /gri:s/ 希臘希臘 greek / gri:k / adj. 希臘希臘(人人)的的 n. 希臘人希臘人,希臘語希臘語lisbon / lizbn/ 里斯本里斯本 portugal /p: tjugl/ n. 葡萄牙葡萄牙portuguese /p :tjugi:z/n.葡萄牙人葡萄牙人, 葡萄牙語葡萄牙語adj. 葡萄牙的葡萄牙的,葡萄牙人的葡萄牙人的,葡萄牙語的葡萄牙語的spanish / spni / adj. 西班牙的西班牙的 n. 西班牙語西班牙語madrid / mdrid /

2、n. 馬德里馬德里 spain / spein / n. 西班牙西班牙london / lndn / 倫敦倫敦united kingdom n. 英國英國, 聯(lián)合王國聯(lián)合王國paris / pris / n. 巴黎巴黎france /fr:ns/ 法國法國italy / itli / n. 意大利意大利 rome / rum / n. 羅馬羅馬 italian / itljn / adj. 意大利的意大利的 n. 意大利人意大利人 countrycapitallanguage1londonenglish2345678910berlingermanfranceitalygreeceportuga

3、lspainparisromeathenslisbonspanishfrenchitaliangreekportuguesemadridunited kingdomgermanyread the information and find the countries on the map below. f= the united kingdom1. the united kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental europe. it has four countries with one government. these countri

4、es are england, northern ireland, scotland, and wales.a= france2. france is europes third largest country and faces the united kingdom across the england channel.c= italy3. italy is in the south of europe on the coast of the mediterranean sea. it looks like a boot. between italy and france, there is

5、 a mountain range called alps.e= spain 4. spain is to the south of france. between france and spain is another mountain range - the pyrenees.d= portugalb= greece5. portugal is to the west of spain.6. greece is in the southeast of europe. twenty percent of the country is covered by islands. across1).

6、 across prep. 橫過橫過, 穿過穿過, 橫過橫過, 在在對(duì)面對(duì)面e.g. (1) the two lines cut across each other. (2) can you swim across the river? (3) a bookstore across the river adv. 橫過橫過, 從一邊到另一邊從一邊到另一邊the river is ten meters across. across 用作用作prep.& adv. , 而而cross用作用作v.,意為穿意為穿過、交叉，必須接地點(diǎn)名詞作賓語。過、交叉，必須接地點(diǎn)名詞作賓語。across from 在在

7、正對(duì)面正對(duì)面e.g. the store is just across from the post office. across & through & over的區(qū)別的區(qū)別across是從事物表面穿過；是從事物表面穿過；through是從物體內(nèi)部通過；是從物體內(nèi)部通過；over 是越過是越過,在在上方。上方。ex. the great wall winds its way from west to east _ the deserts _ the mountain and _ the valley until it reaches seas. across over through2). f

8、ace n. 臉；表情；面; e.g.( 1) mary buries her face in her hands. (2) she turned her cheerful face to me. v. 面向；面對(duì)；正視 be faced with 面對(duì)面對(duì) in (the) face of 面對(duì)；不顧面對(duì)；不顧 (1)the house that we live in faces to / towards south.(2) we should learn to face the difficulty with courage.(3) she is faced with a difficul

9、t decision.(4) he never shows any fear in face of dangerex. _ (face) with such a situation, she didnt know what to do. _ (face) such a situation, she didnt know what to do. _ _ such a difficult problem, i really didnt know what to do. 面對(duì)這么一個(gè)難題，我真的不知該做什么。面對(duì)這么一個(gè)難題，我真的不知該做什么。he completed the work on ti

10、me_ _ _ _ many difficulties. 他不顧許多困難按時(shí)完成了工作。他不顧許多困難按時(shí)完成了工作。facedfacing faced withthe face ofin3). 如何表示如何表示a, b兩地的位置關(guān)系兩地的位置關(guān)系a is on the coast of b a is off the south coast of b a is in the south of b a is to the south of b a is on the south of b a在在b海岸邊海岸邊a在靠近在靠近b海岸的南邊海岸的南邊a在在b的南部的南部 （a在在b里）里） a在在b的

11、南方的南方 （不接壤）（不接壤） a在在b的南方的南方 （接壤）（接壤）can you draw some pictures to show the positions of a and b?ex. (1) 四川在中國的西南部。四川在中國的西南部。sichuan province lies in the southeast of china.(2) 吉林省位于河北省的東北方。吉林省位于河北省的東北方。jilin province lies to the northeast of hebei province. (3) 朝鮮位于中國的東北方。朝鮮位于中國的東北方。korea lies on th

12、e northeast of china. 4) . between france and sapin is another mountain range把表示把表示方位、地點(diǎn)方位、地點(diǎn)的介詞或副詞及短語放在句的介詞或副詞及短語放在句首時(shí)，句子用倒裝語序。首時(shí)，句子用倒裝語序。e.g. in the west of the city is the house.ex. east of our school _. (有一條鐵路有一條鐵路) there _. (鈴響了。鈴響了。)lies a railway goes the bell5). cover n. 封面，蓋子，覆蓋物封面，蓋子，覆蓋物 v

13、. 覆蓋，遮掩，覆蓋，遮掩，掩護(hù)，走了（一段路程），報(bào)道，（錢）夠掩護(hù)，走了（一段路程），報(bào)道，（錢）夠（某事物）之用；占（某事物）之用；占(面積面積)e.g. (1) the sahara covers an area of about three million square miles. _(2) the ground was covered with snow. _ (3) by sunset we had covered thirty miles. _(4) 10 dollars will cover our petrol for the journey. _(5) the repo

14、rter covered the event (for his newspaper). _報(bào)道報(bào)道（錢）夠（某事物）之用（錢）夠（某事物）之用占占(面積面積)走了（一段路程）走了（一段路程）覆蓋覆蓋enjoy several photos of some well-known cities and talk about them.barcelonas p a i nathensthe parthenonchoose the best answers.about _ of frances artists and writers live in the largest city of france

15、.a. one third b. two thirds c. half d. one fourth2. which of the following statements is not true?a. madrid is about five hundred kilometers west of the city, barcelona.b. gaudi worked on the project the church of the sagrada familia for 44 years.c. athens was once the worlds most powerful city.d. g

16、reeces best writers whose works has influenced other writers ever since lived in modern athens.3. the great artistic movement the renaissance began _, and ended _.a.in florence; in the 1600s b. in florence; in the 1300sc. in paris; in the 1600s d. in paris; in the 1300s4. michelangelo was a great ar

17、tist who _.a.designed the parthenon b. designed the eiffel towerc. produced many beautiful sculptures d. designed the louvre paris，one of the 1. (much) beautiful cities，is the capital of france.its well known 2. the eiffel tower.the louvre，one of the worlds largest art galleries，is also in paris.bes

18、ides，the restaurants，cafs and theatres in paris are 3.(popularly). barcelona is 4. second largest city of spain.the church of the sagrada familia is one of its most famous landmarks.mostforpopularthekeyskeys課文語法填空課文語法填空 florence is in italy.its known for the renaissance，during 5. some great painting

19、s and sculptures 6. (produce).florences art galleries，churches and museums attract plenty of 7.(tourism) every year.the uffizi palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. athens，the capital of greece，is the birthplace of 8.(west) civilisation.the parthenon on the acropolis hill 9. (build) the

20、re.the work of greeces greatest writers has a good effect 10. other writers.whichwere producedtouristswesternwas builtonkeyskeysreturnreturn1.paris is the capital and largest city of france, situated on the river seine.situate vt. 使位于，使處于使位于，使處于 situation n. 形勢(shì)，立場(chǎng)，境遇；形勢(shì)，立場(chǎng)，境遇；(建筑物等建筑物等的的)位置位置be situ

21、ated in /on/ at（建筑、城市等）位（建筑、城市等）位于于，坐落于，坐落于 ； （人）處于（人）處于的立的立場(chǎng)場(chǎng)be badly / well situated 境況困難境況困難/良好良好 be located in /on/ at（建筑、城市等）位（建筑、城市等）位于于，坐落于，坐落于 e.g. 1) my bedroom was situated on the top floor of the house. 2) our new house is situated at the edge of the city.3). the school will be situated /

22、 located in the center of the town.4). microsoft is well situated to exploit this new market. ex. 1). the tower is_a cliff. 這座塔位于懸崖之上。2). the corporation is in a rather awkward _. 公司的處境相當(dāng)尷尬。 situated on situation 2. the most popular place for tourists is the eiffel tower, the famous symbol of paris.

23、 symbol & sign & mark的區(qū)別symbol指作為象征或表達(dá)某種深邃意義的特殊事物，意為“象征象征 ；符號(hào)；符號(hào) ”。sign指代表具有固定意義的一種簡明的符號(hào)或標(biāo)志，意為“符號(hào)符號(hào) ；跡象跡象 ”。mark指在其他事物上留下的可見的印痕或先天固有的標(biāo)志，意為“符號(hào)；符號(hào)；記記號(hào)號(hào)”。ex. 用用symbol & sign & mark 填空。填空。1). scientists have found no _of life on mars so far, though great efforts have been made on the research.2). in anc

24、ient china, a gold dragon on the emperors clothes was regarded as a _of power and position.3). put a question _at the end of that sentence.signs, symbol, mark 3. the city is famous for its restaurants, cafs and theaters. 因?yàn)槎劽?be famous for = be known for作為而聞名 be famous as = be known as為所知 be known

25、to因而被懷念 be remembered for作為而被緬懷 be remembered as ex. 1). heze is famous _its peony flowers.he is famous _a great inventor.he is famous _his great inventions.2). he _always_a national hero. 他將作為一名民族英雄而被人們緬懷。他將作為一名民族英雄而被人們緬懷。3) that village _its poverty. 那個(gè)村莊過去因貧窮而出名。那個(gè)村莊過去因貧窮而出名。4）作為一名作家，海明威為世界人民所知。）

26、作為一名作家，海明威為世界人民所知。_forwillaswas famous for be rememberedforas a writer, hemingway is well-known to the world. 4. about two thirds of frances artists and writers live in paris.分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，若分子大于一，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若分子大于一，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)根名詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)據(jù)of 后面的名

27、詞來判斷。后面的名詞來判斷。e.g. 1/5 one fifth 4/7 four seventhsonly one-fifth of air consists of oxygen. about two thirds of the students are going to attend the meeting. ex. 1/2 _ 2/3 _ 1/4 _ 3/8_ 三分之二的學(xué)生來自中國。三分之二的學(xué)生來自中國。 大約四分之三的水被污染了。大約四分之三的水被污染了。 about three fourths of the water was polluted. a halftwo thirds

28、a quarterthree eighthstwo thirds of the students come from china.5. gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.work on 從事某工作，不斷工作 (側(cè)重于表示“從事某項(xiàng)工作”，可將它譯為“造;創(chuàng)作;畫;做”，賓語為其具體的對(duì)象)work at 從事于，致力于，鉆研 (側(cè)重于表示所從事的工作和性質(zhì)，而不在于說明正在做什么)work out 算出，制定出e.g. 1). whenever i get the time, we go out to t

29、he camp and work on it. 2). he is working hard at math.3). this problem is too difficult to work out for a ten year-old boy.ex. 1). ill give you five minutes to work _ this math problem我給你我給你5分鐘來算出這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)題。分鐘來算出這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)題。2). he has been working _ this painting for days. 這張畫他已畫了好些天了。這張畫他已畫了好些天了。3). they wil

30、l work _ till sunset. 他他們將繼續(xù)工作，直到日落。們將繼續(xù)工作，直到日落。4). he is working _ a new invention. 他正致力于一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)明。他正致力于一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)明。out on on at 6. during the renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and work in florence.of all time 有史以來e.g. who is the greatest writer in china of all time?ex. 林肯被認(rèn)為是有史以

31、來最偉大的總統(tǒng)。 lincoln is considered as the greatest president of all time. 7. their work has influenced other writers ever since.have influence on / upon sth. / sb. 對(duì)某人或某事產(chǎn)生影響e.g. his words had a strong influence on his daughter.ever since 從那時(shí)起，自從一直 (通常與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)e.g. i have known her ever since she w

32、as 9 years old. they have been friends ever since.ex. 我曾經(jīng)被狗咬過，從那以后我一直都很怕我曾經(jīng)被狗咬過，從那以后我一直都很怕狗。狗。 i was bitten by a dog once and ive been afraid of them ever since. 他自從他自從18歲起就有車了。歲起就有車了。hes had a car ever since he was 18. 1.上周，來自我們學(xué)校的代表參觀了由一個(gè)著名建筑師設(shè)計(jì)的美術(shù)館。2.美術(shù)館是這座城市的標(biāo)志性建筑。3.它坐落在那個(gè)巨型雕塑的對(duì)過。4.美術(shù)館以它的悠久歷史而聞名

33、。5.在那里我們加深了對(duì)古老藝術(shù)和文明的理解。提示提示黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)，并且請(qǐng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。寫作素材 (關(guān)于美術(shù)館關(guān)于美術(shù)館)微寫作連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文) last week，the representatives coming from our school visited the gallery designed by a famous architectthe landmark of the city，which is situated just opposite the huge sculpture. the

34、gallery is known for its long history. there we have deepened the understanding of ancient art and civilization.keyskeysgrammar 1 passive voice （被動(dòng)語態(tài)）（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般（現(xiàn)在、過去、一般（現(xiàn)在、過去、將來）時(shí)將來）時(shí)is/am/are done; was/were done; will/shall be done (現(xiàn)在、過去現(xiàn)在、過去)進(jìn)行進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí) （現(xiàn)在、過去）完（現(xiàn)在、過去）完成時(shí)成時(shí) （將來、過去將來

35、）（將來、過去將來）完成時(shí)完成時(shí)shall (will) have been done; should (would) have beenis/am/are being doneis/am/are being donewas/were being donewas/were being donehas/have been done has/have been done had been donehad been done1. make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. 使役動(dòng)詞后做賓補(bǔ)的不定式一般不加使役動(dòng)詞后做賓補(bǔ)的不定式一般不加to, 變

36、變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)為被動(dòng), 必須加必須加to。 my brother often made me do this and that when i was young. i was often made to do this and that by my brother when i young.i heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. she was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.2. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義1). 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞: sound,

37、taste, smell, feel, look, seem 等主語是物時(shí)；等主語是物時(shí)； the cake tastes delicious. this kind of cloth feels soft.2). 一些一些vi.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義；主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義； open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. the goods sells well. the door cant open. the

38、 job pays well.3). need, want, require表表“需要需要”時(shí)時(shí), be worth doing“值得做值得做”；my car needs repairing. the flower wants watering. the book is worth reading.4). 不定式不定式to blame, to let (出租出租)作表語時(shí)作表語時(shí) you are to blame. the house is to let.5). 據(jù)說類動(dòng)詞；據(jù)說類動(dòng)詞； say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest,

39、 understand, hope, etc.it is said that. sb./sth. is said to.grammar 2 subject and verb agreement (主謂一致主謂一致)（一）謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況（一）謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況1. 時(shí)間時(shí)間/距離距離/重量重量/價(jià)值價(jià)值/數(shù)目等名詞作整體看待時(shí)數(shù)目等名詞作整體看待時(shí)twenty years is only a short time in human history.thirty dollars is too high a price for the book.2. 主語由從句、不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)時(shí)。主

40、語由從句、不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)時(shí)。when they will discuss it hasnt been made public.to die for the people is a worthy death. looking after the children is her full-time job.3. 主語為書、報(bào)、地名、組織名稱，以復(fù)數(shù)形式主語為書、報(bào)、地名、組織名稱，以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。出現(xiàn)。the times usually speaks for the british government.the united states is made up of 50 states.4

41、. 并列主語指同一概念時(shí)并列主語指同一概念時(shí)a thief and murderer was sentenced to death.5. each/every/no/many a+名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+and+ each/every/no/many a+名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)each man and each woman was invited to the party.many a boy and many a girl has seen it.6. many a/the whole/each/neither/either+名詞名詞單數(shù)單數(shù)the whole nation was in deep so

42、rrow at lincolns death.neither story is true.7. this pair of/that pair of/a pair of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)this pair of shoes needs mending.8. more than one+名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)more than one soldier was killed in the battle.9. 主語為主語為 one, the other, another, no one, neitherone has to do ones best.here is only one shoe. where

43、 is the other?there was a rainbow in the sky, and another was in his breast.（二）謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況（二）謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況1. the + 姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式。姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式。the greens are going to make a trip to london.2. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示群島、山脈、瀑布等的專有以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示群島、山脈、瀑布等的專有名詞。名詞。as is known to all, rocky mountains stand in north america.3. the + folk (s)

44、, people, police, cattle, chinese, french, japanese, english等集體名詞等集體名詞the police are running after the thief.the chinese are a hard-working people.4. the blind, deaf, poor, living, young, dead, wounded 等等形容詞表一類人或物形容詞表一類人或物the dead are soon forgotten.（三）謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致（三）謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致as well as; rather t

45、han; along/together with, suchas, like, such as, besides, no less than=as much as, but/except, beyond, nobut , and not分詞分詞 (介詞、不定式介詞、不定式) 短語短語, 同位語同位語, 定語從句定語從句（四）、謂語動(dòng)詞與后者一致的情況四）、謂語動(dòng)詞與后者一致的情況 （就近原則）（就近原則） or； nor; eitheror; neithernor ; not onlybut also; not.but. （連接（連接并列兩個(gè)主語時(shí)）并列兩個(gè)主語時(shí)）（五）其他情況（五）其他情況

46、1. family, army, class, crew, team, enemy, group, party, couple, government 等集體名詞作主語時(shí)。等集體名詞作主語時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)集體整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，強(qiáng)調(diào)集體整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。her family is small, but the family are advanced workers.class is over and the class are all out for play.2. population 后的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致后的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致th

47、e population of china is under control.80 percent of the population of china are farmers.3. quantities of + 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞/ 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)；動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)；a quantity of+ 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞/ 不可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞， 作主語作主語時(shí)采取就近一致的原則。時(shí)采取就近一致的原則。large quantities of money were spent on the bridge.a large quantity of money was spent

48、 on the bridge.a large quantity of materials were spent on the bridge.exercises1.are not kept, will have to 2was given 3 is served4 is completed 5 is celebrated 6 knows7 were 8 is offered 9 has not been decided10 wants 11 are 12 were holding13 is 14 is visiting 15 are16 is covered 17 are 18 lies19 a

49、m 20 enjoys 21 has/had22 is 23 are watching 24 is 25 has passedwhat do you know about cardiff, valencia and edinburgh?cardiff the capital of wales the seventh largest city of the uk many beautiful countries around it famous tourist cityvalencia a big city in spain famous for its soccer team, beautif

50、ul beaches and sunshineon the east coastabout 200 km south of barcelonaedinburgh the capital of scotland the most beautiful city of europe famous for its natural scenery and towerslistening- 1. listen and answer the questions.1. where is edinburgh? in scotland or in england? its in scotland.2. where

51、 is cardiff? in scotland or in wales? its in wales. 3. where is valencia? in italy or in spain? its in spain.listening- 2. listen again and complete the chart.amy helen carlos comes from ces from ees from valencia.is studying english.is studying french and chinese.is studying german and russian.1. a

52、ll of them are living in the same city at the moment.2. all of them come from the same country. 3. none of them speaks spanish. t f f listening - 3. listen again and decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).4. none of them is a student. 5. neither of the girls comes from england. f t carlos

53、: hello, my name is carlos and im from spain. helen: hi, carlos. im helen. amy: and my name is amy. pleased to meet you.carlos: are you english?helen: no! _ of us _ english. amy: helens from scotland and i come from wales.carlos: really? so, helen, where do you live in scotland? helen: in edinburgh.

54、carlos: edinburgh. nice. thats the _ of scotland, isnt it?helen: yes, it is.neitheriscapitallistening - 5. listen again and fill the blank.carlos: and amy, youre from wales. amy: thats right.carlos: thats _ of england, isnt it? amy: yes, it is. its a _ country and its to the west of england.carlos:

55、and where in wales do you live? amy: well, my family lives in cardiff.carlos: cardiff? ive never _ cardiff. is it a big city? amy: yes, it is! its the capital!carlos: oh, im so sorry! amy: thats all right.westseparateheard ofcarlos: there are so many _ in the united kingdom! helen: yes, scotland and

56、 wales are separate countries. and _of them _ a capital city.carlos: so what are you doing here in london? helen: were _.carlos: what are you studying? helen: _.carlos: which ones? helen: well, there are about 60 students in the class, and _ of them _ studying at least two languages. im studying fre

57、nch and chinese.carlos: so _ of you _ studying spanish.capital citieseachhasstudentslanguages allareneitherisamy: no, sorry. in fact, _ of the students in our class _ studying spanish.carlos: oh. thats _. helen: where in spain do you live?carlos: in valencia. amy: valencia? _?carlos: its on the east

58、 coast. its about 200 kilometres south of barcelona. amy: i see. is it a big city?carlos: yes. quite big. amy: whats it like?carlos: its a _ place. and our soccer team is _.noneissadwhereabouts is thatwonderfulfantastic helen: what kind of work do people do there?carlos: well, a lot of them work in

59、_. helen: really? and what are you doing here in london?carlos: well, im studying english at university, so im here for a _. amy: really? thats _.carlos: yes. in fact, my whole class is coming. helen: how many students are there in the class?carlos: _. but _ of them _ arrived yet!tourismmonthniceforty-sevennonehasbeginning time names of first members. names of new countries by 2000 names of new countries in 2004 total country numbers p