英語代詞用法歸納Word版

1、傳播優(yōu)秀word版文檔 ，希望對您有幫助，可雙擊去除！代 詞一、定義與分類代詞是代替名詞及起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。代詞根據(jù)其意思和用法可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關系代詞、不定代詞九類。綜觀歷年高考情況，在這九類代詞中，不定代詞一直是高考英語的重點。人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞用法概述這三種代詞都有人稱（一、二、三人稱）的變化、數(shù)（單、復數(shù)）的變化。其中，人稱代詞除了這三種變化外，還有格（主格、賓格）的變化。物主代詞包括兩種形式：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。特別注意：形容詞性物主代詞its沒有相應的名詞性物主代詞。這三種代詞的形式變化表

2、如下：人稱單復數(shù)主 格賓 格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單 數(shù)imemyminemyself復 數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單 數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復 數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單 數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits無itself復 數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves二 人稱代詞的用法1) 定義：人稱代詞是用來指代人、動物或事物的代詞。它必須在人稱(第一人稱、第二人稱、及第三人稱)、數(shù)（單數(shù)、復數(shù)）與被指代的名

3、詞一致。如: tom is a boy, and he is a student.mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.the boys are students, and they are in the room.the toy is small. it is tom's.2）人稱代詞的句法功能a) 人稱代詞有主格和賓語之分：主格用作主語，賓格用作賓語。b) 人稱代詞的主格形式在在句中作主語和表語。 如: i like music(主語). she is a teacher.(主語) she and i are good friends

4、(主語).neither she nor i am student. it might have been she. i saw the boys this morning.are you sure it was they(表語)?c) 人稱代詞的賓格在句子作動詞的賓語，或者介詞的賓語。如：i saw him at the party(賓語). i haven't seen them recently.(賓語)i bought a book for them.(作介詞賓語) =i bought them a book.(間接賓語)注意：a.在口語中，人稱代詞的主格形式作表語時，常?？梢?/p>

5、用賓格替換。如：it can't be he/him. is this mr. green? yes, this is he/him.b. 在口語中，當人稱代詞用于than, as 之后或用于強調句中被強調時，用主格(較正式)和賓格(較口語化)均可以。如：he sings better than i/me. you know more than she/her. she is as tall as me(i am).c. 單獨使用的人稱代詞通常用賓格，即使它充當?shù)氖侵髡Z也是如此。如：“i like english.” “me too=i like english too.” “我喜歡英

6、語?！薄拔乙蚕矚g?！眞ho did it? them.(=they did it)一、用適當?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空：1. _ is my aunt. we often visit _. ( she )2. china is a developing country. _is in the east of asia. ( its )3. what day is _ t

7、oday?    _ is thursday. (its)5. i own a blue bike. the red one isnt _. ( i )6. these new houses are so nice. _are very expensive.(them )7. the fishermen caught&

8、#160;a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them )8. ling ling is a girl._studies in a primary school._ brother  lives with _  and helps _ with_ lessons. ( she )9. mike is my cla

9、ssmate. _ is good at engliush . ( his )10. kate wants a glass of milk. will you pass it to _ ? ( she )11. whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. ( its )三、物

10、主代詞的用法1定義：物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞在句中只用作定語，相當于一個形容詞，不能單獨使用；名詞性物主代詞則不能用作定語，相當于一個名詞詞組，可以單獨使用，在句中用作主語、賓語、表語、和介詞of連用。如：here is my dog. its name is tom.（形容詞性物主代詞） my sister lost her bicycle. （形容詞性物主代詞） is that coffee yours or hers? (名詞性物主代詞)2 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能 a. 作主語 如： may i use your pen? yours works b

11、etter. b. 作賓語 如：i love my motherland as much as you love yours. c. 作介詞賓語 如：i am writing with your pen, not with mine.d. 作表語 如：my life is yours. it's yours. it's yours. 我的生命屬于你，屬于你，屬于你。3 形容詞性物主代詞的用法a) 形容詞性物主代詞與形容詞一起修飾名詞時,其順序是:形容詞性物主代詞+形容詞+名詞。如: my new bike 我的新自行車 her young son 她年幼的兒子b) 形容詞性物主

12、代詞所修飾的名詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復數(shù)。如: my pen 我的鋼筆 his books 他的書c) 形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨使用,它后面必須跟名詞,即在名詞前作定語。如:這是我的鋼筆. 誤this pen is my. 正this is my pen.d) 當名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞修飾時,不能再用冠詞a, an或the來修飾名詞。如:那是我的自行車. 誤that is my a bike. / that is a my bike. 正that is my bike.4 當名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞修飾時,不能再用指示代詞this, that, these或those來修飾名詞。如:他們的電

13、腦在這兒。誤their those computers are here.(或those their computers are here.) 正their computers are here. 注意：a) 名詞性物主代詞后不能跟名詞，或代詞one。它總是單獨出現(xiàn)在句中。 如：the umbrella is mine. he likes my pen. he doesnt like hers. b) 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 為避免重復使用名詞，有時可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。 如：my bag is yellow, her bag is re

14、d, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復使用bag，可寫成my bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. c)名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當于省略了中心名詞的 -'s屬格結構. 如： jack's cap 意為 the cap is jack's. his cap 意為 the cap is his. d) 可以說 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my frien

15、ds；但是不能說 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。e) 有時同一個結構用不用物主代詞會導致含義的變化。如：dont lose heart. 別灰心 she lost her heart to jim. 她愛上了吉姆。二、用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞填空 1. i ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( i ) can i have one of _ ? ( you )2.&#

16、160;george has lost _ ( his ) pen. ask mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she )3.jack has a dog and so have i._(he)dog and _( i ) had a fight  (打架).4. the teacher

17、60;wants you to return that book of _ ( he )5. mr. and mrs. green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )6. we are going to paris to stay wit

18、h a french friend of _ . (we )7. this isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she )8. these are your books kate.put _in the desk，please.(they )9. _ must look after _ things. ( you )10. wei&

19、#160;fang，is that _ ruler? yes，its.( you )11. they want a football. give _the green one，please. ( they)12. its lin taos bag. give it to _. ( he )13. is this pencil-box li leis

20、? no，_ is very new. ( he )14. this box is too heavy. i cant carry _. ( it )dont worry，let _( i ) help _. ( you)15. _is a boy_ name is mike.mikes friends like _ 

21、very much. ( he )16. my sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher. ( she )17. jane is a little girl. _ mother is a nurse. ( she )18. we are in _ classroom. _ classroo

22、m is big. ( we)19. my father and mother are teachers. _ are busy ( them)20. you are a pupil. is _ brother a pupil, too? ( you )三. 從括號內選擇正確的代詞填空1. your football clothes ar

23、e on the desk. please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (we，us，our，ours)_ english teacher is mrs. green. we all like _(she，her，hers).3. (i，me，my，mine)_ cant get my kite. could you&#

24、160;help _(i，me，my，mine)?4. tom cant get down from the tree. can you help _(he，him，his)?5. we cant find our bikes. can you help _(we，us，our，ours)?6. these are _(he，him，his) planes. 

25、;the white ones are _(i，me，mine).四、用括號中的適當形式填空1 are these _（you）pencils? yes, they are _（our）.2 whose is this pencil? its _（i）.3 i love _（they）very much.4 she is_（i）classmate.5 miss li often looks aft

26、er_（she）brother.6 are these _（they）bags ？no, they arent _（their）. they are _（we）.四、反身代詞的用法1）定義：如人稱代詞一致，反身代詞的人稱和數(shù)以及性要和它所指代的名詞或代詞一致。2）反身代詞的句法功能反身代詞可用作賓語、同位語、表語等。用作同位語時，主要用于加強被修飾詞的語氣，可緊放在被修飾名詞后或句末。如：he himself was a doctor. (同位語) =he was a doctor himself.she

27、 is too young to look after herself. （賓語） i don't blame you, i blame myself(賓語).he cut himself when he was cooking.(賓語) that poor boy was myself.（表語） 注意：反身代詞用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表語表示身體或精神所處的狀態(tài)。如：i'll be myself again in no time. 我一會兒就會好的。 he doesn't feel himself today.im not quite m

28、yself these days. 我近來身體不大舒服。 考點：1. 反身代詞在句中通常用作賓語。表示主語動作的承受者或表現(xiàn)的特征是自己本身。能跟反身代詞作賓語的動詞常見的有teach (教)，hurt (傷害)，dress (穿衣) 等。此外還經?？疾榉瓷泶~作介詞賓語，如by oneself等。2反身代詞作同位語。 在句中通常用作名詞、代詞的同位語，以加強名詞或代詞的語氣，意思是“本身，親自”。如： i will do it myself. 我將親自去做這件事。3反身代詞的固定搭配常見的固定搭配有help oneself to(隨便吃)，_(玩得開心), _(傷到某人自己), lose o

29、neself in (迷戀，沉醉于)等。反身代詞: 1. those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night. a. them b. they c. themselves d. herself 2. help _ to some fish, children. a. yourself b. your c. yours d. yourselves 3. the film _ is very fun. a. its b. itself c. it d. its 4. who teaches _ math? i teach _. a. your, my sel

30、f b. you, myself c. you, me d. you, herself 5. the father will make _ a bike _. a. her, himself b. she, himself c. her, herself d. she, herself 6. 6. the scarf is _, she made it_. a. herself, her b. herself, hers c. hers, herself d. her, herself 7. . liu hulans death was great. she thought more of o

31、thers than _. a. her b. she c. hers d. herself 8. luckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday. a. him b. themselves c. himself d. they 9. i cant mend my shoe _. can you mend it for _? a. myself, me b. myself, i c. me, i d. i, me 10. i like watching _ in the mirror. a. me b. i c. my d. myself 五、相互代詞的

32、用法英語的相互代詞只有each other和one another，它們在句中通常只用作賓語，不能用作主語或狀語等。如：students should help one another. 學生應該互相幫助。we have known each other for many years. 我們認識許多年了。注意：相互代詞可以有所有格形式(each others, one anothers)。如：they often stay in one another's house. 他們常常在彼此的家里住。另外，有人認為 each other用于兩者，one another用于三者，但在現(xiàn)代英語中

33、它們常可換用(即均可用于兩者或三者)。6、 指示代詞的用法1 指示代詞分單數(shù)（this / that）和復數(shù)（these / those）兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如： 單數(shù) 復數(shù)限定詞：this girl is mary.those men are my teachers.代 詞：this is mary. those are my teachers.2 指示代詞的句法功能指示代詞主要有四個，即this, that, these 和 those。它們在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。this is my book.(主語) i want that.(賓語) my book is

34、that.(表語) i like that dress.(定語)注意：1). 為避免重復，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名詞。如：the playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)my seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市長座位旁邊。2). 用來回指上文提到的事情時，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用 this。如： she is a beautiful girl. who said

35、that?i want to know this: is she beautiful? 我想知道這一點：她美嗎?3). 在打電話時，通常用 this 指自己，用that指對方：hello. this is jim. is that john? 喂，我是吉姆，你是約翰嗎?3. 除用作代詞外，this 和that 還可用作副詞，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，意為“這么”、“那么”，相當于 so。如： i've done only that much. 我所做的就這么多。 is he always this busy? 他總這么忙嗎?4. 指示代詞this, that 和these在作主語時可指物也

36、可指人，但作其他句子成分時只能指物，不能指人。而those作賓語后接定語從句時可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定語從句。如：（對）that is my teacher.那是我的老師。（that作主語，指人）（對）he is going to marry this girl.他要和這個姑娘結婚。（this作限定詞）（錯）he is going to marry this.（this作賓語時不能指人）（對）i bought this.我買這個。（this指物，可作賓語） he admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（thos

37、e指人）（錯） he admired that who danced well.（that作賓語時不能指人）（對）he admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。指示代詞：( ) 1 who's that at the door? _ is the postman. a. she b. this c. it d. he( ) 2 -who's that in the picture? a. it's me b. that's i c. this is a boy d. it's i( ) 3 -look

38、, who is coming? -_ must be our english teacher. a. she b. he c. it d. this( ) 4 someone is knocking at the door, but who can_ be? a. one b. he c. she d. it( ) 5 _ was late summer and the weather was very hot. a. that b. it c. this d. it's( ) 6 what time is _ now? a it b. all c. this d: that( )

39、7 _ a heavy rain last night. a. there had b. we had c. it was d. there is( ) 8 _ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. we have to go there by car.a. there b. it c. this d. the place( ) 9 the man missed the bus. _ is why he was late for the meeting. a. it b. that c. this d. all( ) 10 he ha

40、s to stay at home. _ he has a bad cold.a. this is because b. that's why c. so is it d. the reason is( ) 11 -how many books are there on the table? -only four.a. this is all right b. that's all right c. that's right d. it is all right七、疑問代詞的用法1. 疑問代詞即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑

41、問句的代詞。它們在句中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。如：what did she say? 她怎么說?which are our seats? 哪些是我們的座位?what are you worrying about? 你為什么事煩惱?注意：1. who和whom 只用作主語、賓語和表語，不用作定語；what, which, whose 則既可用作主語、賓語和表語，也可用作定語。2. what與 which的用法區(qū)別：當選擇的范圍較明確時，用 which；當選擇的范圍不明確時，用 what。如：which color do you like, red, black or white? 紅色、

42、黑色和白色，你喜歡哪種？what color is your car? 你的汽車是什么顏色的？ ( ) 1 _ is the best season of the year? a. when b. what c. which d. what time( ) 2 -_ is your sister? -she is a nurse. a. what b. which c. how d. who( ) 3 -_ colour are your new shoes -they are brown. a. any b. whose c. which d. what( ) 4 -_ is your cl

43、assmate john like? -he's very tall. a. how b. what c. who d. which( )5 _has happened and _ did it? a. who; who b. what; who c. what; what d. who; what( ) 6 who waiting outside? please ask them to come in. a. is b. has c. have d. are( ) 7 -_ is that man over there? -he's mr green. a. what b.

44、which c. how d. who( )8 -_ is the boy standing there? -he is my brother. a. which b. what c. how d. who( ) 9 who _ the little american boy over there? a. were b. are c. is d.1 am( )10 who_these tall men? a. is b. am c. are d. was( ) 11 _ one do you like, the blue one or the red one? a. what b. which

45、 c. that d. this( ) 12 -_ is bigger? -the yellow one. a. who b. whom c. which d. it( )13 _ of you would like to go with us? a. who b. which c. all d. both( ) 14 -_ bag is this? -it's jack's. a. what b. which c. whose d. who's( ) 15 -_ pencils are these? -they are theirs. a. which b. whos

46、e c. / d. these( )16 _ house is being repaired? a. what b. where c. who d. whose( ) 17 please find out _ he is looking after at home. a. who b. which c. whom d. when( )18 _ do you think you should help? a. whose b. which c. what d. whom( ) 19 he told me _ he was sent for. a. whom b. that c. both d.

47、where8、 連接代詞的用法2. 連接代詞主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等，它們在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語、定語等（但who, whom, whoever 等不用于名詞前作定語），主要用于引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句等。如：ask him which he wants. 問他要哪一個。 the question is who can help us. 問題是誰能幫助我們。what he says sounds reasonable. 他說的話聽起來有道理。2. 關系代詞

48、型 what 的用法。比較下列兩句：i dont know what you like. 我不知道你喜歡什么。 you can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。第一句中的 what 表示“什么”；第二句中的 what 則具有關系代詞的性質，相當于“先行詞+關系代詞”，表示“所的一切事或東西”，如上面第二句的 what就相當于 everything that。順便說一句，這樣用的 what 有時還可后接一個名詞。如：we gave him what (little) help we could. 我們給了他我們力所能及的幫助。3. whatever, whoever

49、與whichever的用法：它們可用于引導主語從句和賓語從句，也可用于引導讓步狀語從句。如：whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人來都歡迎。whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。whoever you are, you can't enter. 不管你是誰，都不能進去。 whichever side wins, i shall be happy. 不管哪邊贏，我都會高興。九、不定代詞的用法1 定義：不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。2 種類英語中不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，

50、someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。3 不定代詞的句法功能（1）作主語，例： both（of us） are right（我們）兩人都對。either（of the answers） is correc

51、t 兩個回答不論哪一個都對。 neither（of the answers） is correct兩個回答哪一個都不對。 is everybody here？ 大家都到了嗎？（2）作賓語，例： there is room for all of us. 我們所有的人全坐得下。 he gave two to each（of them）他給（他們）每人兩個。 i like none of the books這些書我全不喜歡。 if you have any， give us some有的話，給我們一點。（3）作表語，例： thats nothing 沒什么。 is that all you want

52、 to know? 你想知道的就是這些嗎？ thanks， its too much for me 謝謝，太多了。 im not somebody，im nobody 我不是重要人物，我是個無名小卒 thats really something那真是一大收獲。（4）作定語，例： you may take either road 兩條路你走哪條都行。 every room is clean and tidy 每一個房間都很整潔。 everybodys business is nobodys business人人都管等于沒人管。（諺）（5）作同位語，例： they both agreed to s

53、tay here 他們兩人都答應待在這兒。 we are all for him 我們全支持他。 we none of us said anything 我們誰也沒說什么。 give them two each給他們每人兩個。不定代詞是英語所有代詞中最重要的一類，也是高考英語中最?？嫉囊活?，復習時應注意以下幾點：1. some和 any的比較 不定代詞some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句中；而any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中.例：tom has some picturebooks湯姆有幾本圖畫書。 have you any quest

54、ions？ 你有問題嗎？注意 在表示期望得到肯定回答的疑問句中用some。any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何的”。如：would you like some water？ 你想要些水嗎？you can read any of the books. 你可以讀這些書中的任何一本。2. 指兩者和三者的不定代詞。有些不定代詞用于指兩者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代詞用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，具體使用時要根據(jù)一定的上下文正確選用。如：he is blind in both eyes. 他雙目失明。were they all college

55、students? 他們都是大學生嗎?注：each 可用于兩者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于兩者時只能用 each，不能用 every。如：there are trees on each side of the road. 路的兩邊都有樹。3 few, a few, little與 a little用法肯定意義否定意義修飾可數(shù)名詞a few (幾個)few(沒幾個，幾乎沒有)修飾不可數(shù)名詞a little (一點兒)little (幾乎沒有)he knew few of them. 他們中間他認識的人很少。 he sold only a few of the

56、papers. 他只賣出了幾份報紙。he knew little about it. 他對此知道得很少。 there is still a little left. 還剩一點點。4. all, every, each的用法。從強調重點上看：all強調整體地考慮總體，every 強調考慮總體中的所有成員(與all很接近)，each則強調逐個逐個地考慮總體；從用法上看：all和each既可單獨使用，也可后接名詞，還可后接of短語；而every 后必須接名詞，既不能單獨使用也不能后接 of 短語；從含義上看，each 指兩者或兩者以上的“每個”，every指三者或三者以上“每個”，因此指兩者時只能用

57、 each如：all was destroyed in the big fire 大火中一切都毀了。all are present=everyone is present. 大家都出席了。 there is room for all of us 我們所有的人全坐得下。each of us has a book.注：1） 在表示“每個”、“全體”意思時，every的意思與all很接近。但一般情況下every和單數(shù)名詞搭配，all和復數(shù)名詞搭配，例：every child enjoys christmas 每個孩子都喜歡過圣誕節(jié)。all children enjoy christmas 所有的孩子

58、都喜歡過圣誕節(jié)。2）each也是“每一個”的意思，但與every不同，each用于指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，著重于個別概念，例： two men came into the room each carried an umbrella兩個人走進房間，每人拿著一把傘。 each/every book on this desk is worth reading這桌子上每一本書都值得讀。5. other, the other, another, others的用法。指單數(shù)時，若泛指用another，若特指用the other；指復數(shù)時，若泛指用other(后接復數(shù)名詞)或others(其后不接名詞)，

59、若特指用the other (后接復數(shù)名詞)或the others(其后不接名詞)。如：show me some others. 再拿一些給我看。 show me another. 另拿一個給我看。we should think of others. 我們應該多為別人著想。 where are the other students? 其他同學在哪里?注：another后一般要單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，但若其后的名詞有數(shù)詞或 few 修飾，則也可接復數(shù)名詞。如：i've got another five minutes. 我還有5分鐘。6. no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 與nobody 用法相似，均只用于指人不用于指物，且其后不能接of短語，用作主語時謂語單數(shù)；而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物，其后通常接of短語，用作主語時，若指不可數(shù)名詞，謂語只能用單數(shù)，若指復數(shù)名詞，則謂語可用單數(shù)(較正式)也可用復數(shù)(用于非正式文體)。如：no one nobody has read it. 沒有人讀過它。 none of this milk can be used. 這牛奶一點都不能用了。none