高考英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)法新課標_第1頁
高考英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)法新課標_第2頁
高考英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)法新課標_第3頁
高考英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)法新課標_第4頁
高考英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)法新課標_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩1頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、高考英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)法(新課標)一、從用法上復(fù)習(xí)歸納詞匯,過語法關(guān)英語詞匯大多具有本身詞義外,還有其語法功能,我們在復(fù)習(xí)時就不要把著眼點單純放在單詞記憶上,而 要從它們的語法功能上去把握它們。如在復(fù)習(xí)動詞時我們就要根據(jù)它們變化形式多、搭配活躍等特點,從它們的用法上進行分類記憶。這樣,既可記住詞匯,又可攻克語法難關(guān)。 1.賓語不同,意義也不同英語中有些動詞可同時后接不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義不同。它們是高考試題的考查重點。這類詞主 要有:go on doing(繼續(xù)干同一件事) go on to do(接著去干另一件事)stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do s

2、th.(停下來去干某事)regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相當于be sorry to do)forget/remember doing(忘記記得已做過的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘記記得要干的事)mean doing(意味著干) mean to do(想干)try doing(嘗試做) try to do(設(shè)法做)(95高考)"you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""well,now i regret_ _that."

3、;a.to do b.to be doing c.to have done d.having done(92高考)"i usually go there by train.""why not_by boat for a change?"a.to try going b.trying to go c.to try and go d.try going(87高考)they would not allow him_across the line. a.to risk going b.risking going c.for risk to go d.risk g

4、oing2.都可接賓語和賓補,形式卻不同某些動詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞,但接賓補時,賓補要用不定式。如: we forbid smoking here.(賓語)we forbid you to smoke here.(賓補)you are forbidden to smoke here.(主補)3.賓語不同、語態(tài)不同,意義卻相同有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被動形式),可接動名詞(要用主動形式表被動意義),可與worth,worthy一并記憶。兩種形式意義

5、相同。如:the room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.(85高考)this sentence needs_. a.an improvement b.improve c.improving d.improved4.只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(89高考)she pretended_me

6、when i passed by. a.not to see b.not seeing c.to not see d.having not seen5.只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:(92高考)i would

7、 appreciate_back this afternoon.a.you to call b.you call c.your calling d.you are calling(87高考)the squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.a.catching b.to be caught c.being caught d.to catch6.系動詞系動詞后可用名詞、不定式、分詞和形容詞等作表語,這類詞有:表感觀的系動詞:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(這些詞用形容詞作表語)表變化的系動詞:become,ge

8、t,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依舊的系動詞:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold可帶名詞作表語的系動詞:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(該詞后接的單數(shù)名詞前多不用冠詞。如:he turned teacher.)(91高考)these oranges taste_.a.good b.well c.to be good d.to be well7.含"被動"意味的動詞有些動詞,如sell,open,close,wash,t

9、each,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它們的主語是事物,且又是表示主語的固有特征和狀態(tài),與行為方式狀語連 用時,要用主動形式表被動意義:my pen writes smoothly.我的筆好寫。oil burns easily.油易燃燒。(88高考)that suit_over 60 dollars.a.had costed b.costed c.is cost d.cost(97高考)"is this raincoat yours?""

10、no,mine_there behind the door."a.is hanging b.has hung c.hangs d.hung8.具有兩種形式的易混動詞中學(xué)英語教材中有些不規(guī)則動詞有兩種過去式或兩種過去分詞形式,使用或考測時極易弄混。如:hang,hanged,hanged(絞死)hang,hung,hung(掛起)light,lit,lit(點燃,作謂語)light,lighted,lighted(過去分詞作形容詞用時,意謂"燃燒著的",作定語)drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,飲;過去分詞作形容詞同時,意謂"醉的&q

11、uot;,drunk多作表語,drunke n多作定語)sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;過去分詞sunken作形容詞用時,作定語)bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(結(jié)果;生育)the woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.lie(撒謊), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,臥,位于),lay, lain, lying(89高考)do you know the boy_under the big tree? a.lay b.lain c.laying d.lying

12、二、從搭配上復(fù)習(xí)歸納詞匯,過習(xí)語關(guān)英語詞匯的搭配十分活躍,復(fù)習(xí)時我們要把重點放在某些常用的動詞、名詞或介詞、副詞。我們可按下列 方式進行對比歸納。 1.常用的搭配活躍的名詞: 常用的搭配較活躍的名詞有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短語在中學(xué)教材中出現(xiàn)有:in no time(立刻,馬上),on time(按時),in time(及時、遲早、最終),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及時,晚點),at one time(曾經(jīng)),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它時候,平

13、素),at times(有時候),at all times(一直,經(jīng)常)(93高考)if you keep on,you will succeed_.a.in time b.at one time c.on time d.at the same time(94高考)don't all speak at once!_,please.a.each at on time b.one by one time c.one for each time d.one at a time2.常用的搭配活躍的動詞: 常用的搭配活躍的動詞有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,d

14、o,turn,put,set,come等。復(fù)習(xí)時我們要盡量將具有相反意義的介詞、副詞與同一動詞的搭配羅列在一起對比記憶,如turn一詞:turn on(打開),turn off(關(guān)上),turn up(放大音量等;出現(xiàn)),turn down(放小音量等;拒絕) ,turn in(上交),turn against(反對),turn out(生產(chǎn)),turn away(避開)(81高考)would you mind_your radio a little? a.turn off b.turning off c.to turn down d.turning down(92高考)readers can

15、_quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. a.get over b.get out of c.get away d.get off3.常用的搭配活躍的介詞、副詞: 搭配活躍的介詞、副詞有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。復(fù)習(xí)時,我們要從不同動詞、名詞等與同一介詞、副詞搭配進行逐一過關(guān),如on的搭配有:on與動詞的搭配: get on(上車船等),live on(以為生),feed on(以為生),take on(接受;雇用),turn on(打開開關(guān)電器等),

16、look on(旁觀),spy on(偵察窺探),call on(號召;拜訪),go on(繼續(xù) ),have on(穿戴),depend on(依*),wait on(侍候),carry on(執(zhí)行),hold on(堅持),insi st on(堅持),play tr-icks on(戲弄),fix on(注視),impress on(留下印象)on與名詞搭配(注意冠詞的取舍):on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃燒),on show(展覽),on time(準時) ,on strike(罷工),on watch(監(jiān)視,觀察),on sale(出

17、售;大減價),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅游),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右邊),on the whole(總而言之),on one's own(獨自 ),on one's side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假請假)其它情況:later on(后來),from now/then on(從現(xiàn)在那時起),on account of(由于,因為)(93高考)we

18、offered him our congratulations_his passing the college entrance exams. a.at b.on c.for d.of(91高考)a new school was_in the village last year. a.held up b.set up c.sent up d.brought up三、從對比詞詞組的同義、詞序或結(jié)構(gòu)等復(fù)習(xí)歸納詞匯,過辨析關(guān)1.動作動詞和結(jié)果動詞: 英語中有些動詞雖然意義相同,但用法不同,有的表示某個動作,而另一個則表示該動作所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,這類動詞常見的有:look for(尋找),find(找到)

19、;look(看),see(看見);listen(聽),hear(聽到);try(試 圖,不說明是否成功),manage(設(shè)法,側(cè)重做到);advise(勸告,不說明是否勸成),persuade(勸服, 側(cè)重勸成功)(87高考)how can you_if you are not_? a.listen,hearing b.hear,listening c.be listening,heard d.be hearing,listened to2.詞序不同、意思就不同: 有少量詞組顛倒詞序后意思和用法就不同了,常見的有:before long(不久以后),long before(很久以前)turn

20、in(上交;就寢),in turn(按次序,輪流)hand in(上交),in hand(在手邊)from far(來自遠方),far from(離得遠;遠非)much too(非常,修飾形容詞或副詞),too much(太多,修飾名詞,也可作名詞)if only(要是),only if(只有)all in(精疲力盡),in all(總共)good for(對有好處),for good(永遠)(95上海)it was_late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi. a.too very b.much too c.t

21、oo much d.farbefore long,he moved to london and made london the base for his revolutionary work.it was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the aus trians out of their homeland.3.動詞后有無介詞,意思不同: 因有無介詞而詞義不同的動詞在中學(xué)英語教材中較多,常見的如:search(對人、物或場所搜查),search for(搜尋人、物或場所)leave(離開某地),leave for(去某地

22、)reach(到達;拿到),reach for(伸手去拿)prepare(準備),prepare for(為作準備)enter(進入),enter for(報名參加)run(經(jīng)營;跑),run for(競選)stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表)answer(回答),answer for(負責)know(了解,知道),know about(知道關(guān)于)pay(付錢、債給某人),pay for(付錢買某物)the baby reached for the apple but he couldn't reach it.那嬰兒伸手去拿蘋果,但夠不到。the mayor who us

23、ed to run a small shop will run for the senate.那個曾經(jīng)營過一家小店的市長準備去競選參議員。4.有無-ly,意思和用法都不同: 這詞在教材中較多。一般來說,在形容詞后加了-ly成了副詞,但有些形容詞不加-ly時也可作副詞,因而 在使用或考測時學(xué)生?;煜磺?,復(fù)習(xí)時可按用法分類記憶:a.表具體(無-ly)和抽象(有-ly)的區(qū)別:wide(寬廣),widely(廣泛地)deep(深),deeply(深深地)high(高,位置高),highly(高度地)low(位置低),lowly(地位卑微)b.有無-ly,意思不同:near(近,附近),nearly

24、(幾乎)hard(努力),hardly(幾乎不)most(大部分),mostly(主要地)like(象一樣),likely(大概,也許)dear(昂貴),dearly(深切地;昂貴地)close(*近地),closely(密切地)late(遲到),lately(最近)bad(壞),badly(惡劣地;嚴重地)5.合寫與分寫時意思不同:這類詞在拼法上一樣,但合寫和分寫在用法和意義上卻不同,常見的詞有:sometime(某個時候),some time(一段時間)sometimes(有時),some times(幾次)everyday(adj."日常的",作定語),every day(每天)anyway(adv.無論怎樣),any way(以任何方式)altogether(總共,完全),all together(一道,一起)already(已經(jīng)),all ready(都已準備好)everyone(每個人,指人,不可接of短語),every one (每個人或物,后可接of短語)none(沒有,可指人或物),no one(沒有,專指人)(95高考)they were all very tired,but_of them would stop to take a rest. a.any b.some c.none

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論