優(yōu)質(zhì)李慧敏翻譯期中報告

1、English-Chinese Translation Course Report一. Introduction of TranslationWhat is Ian guage?On the first less on of En glish-Ch in ese tran slati on, Mr.Be nson asked us the question. During the sophomore year, learning English lexicology, the instructor an alyzed the defi niti on of it for us elaborat

2、ely: Lan guage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for huma n com muni catio n. It is a professi onal and systematic parla nee. However in the En glish-Chi nese tran slati on class, the teacher use a word merely to cover the meaning of Ian guage."Custom" is the summary of a high le

3、vel of Ian guage.Before lear n this course, I has a stro ng in terest on tran slati on. Tran slate one Ian guage into ano ther Ian guage, reveal the hidde n meaning betwee n the words, dissect the emoti on fully.Tra nslatio n is like copy ing a painting. Although it is other's work, the final wo

4、rk is full of our thoughts and feeli ngs. To the viewer it appears a differe nt kind of charming. And translation is in the inheritanee of the author to express meaning, and make the text more vitality.Of the first key eleme nt, I thi nk that tran slati on is an accumulati on of kno wledge. We n eed

5、 to be a mobile en cyclopedia, it does not mean that we should be proficie nt in all aspects of kno wledge, but should un dersta nd. So whe n we tran slate docume nts in the future,do not make mistake n by misun dersta nding, and eve n cause sig nifica nt errors.Before translating, of course, we als

6、o need to read a large number of related materials.With the gradual development of translation learning, I am troubled in the compact ness of kno wledge. Tran slati on is not only show n on the con versi on betwee n one word to ano ther word, we should pay more atte nti on to the words.二. Process of

7、 TranslationLiteral translation and free translation are two major translation methods of En glish tran slati on, and tran slati on has differe nt argume nts from an cie nt to now. And no matter we use which kinds of translation methods, we all want to avoid the occurre nee of tran slatio nese and t

8、o do it faithfully.Whe n tran slati ng, we must be fully un derstood, and en sure that do n ot misun dersta nd. Sema ntic an alysis, con text an alysis and pragmatic an alysis are the three orig inal method to un dersta nd orig inal text.Sema ntic An alysis shows that in a certa in con text, accordi

9、 ng to a certa in order of the semantic relation among words to explore the meaning of lexical items.The con text in cludes two meanings which are differe nt but closely related to each other : one is the internal Ian guage con text, and the sec ond is the relati on ship betwee n discourse and exper

10、ie nee. An alysis of the Con text of Situati on is sta nd on the author's position to think the meaning of the author's, so that can make the translation text more apt.The use of Pragmatic Analysis makes the translation pertinently to show the speaker's feeli ngs, attitudes, emoti ons, t

11、houghts, etc. And we should pay atte nti on to the process of un dersta nding the orig in al. The speaker can be the speech act ing participa nt, fully con sideri ng the pragmatic theories and un dersta nding the speaker's inten ti ons, the n determ ined expressi on.Tran slati on is not on ly a

12、bili ngual activity, but also a cross-cultural activity.Foreig nizing and are the two methods that ofte n used in tran slati ng, and the use of these two approaches is con troversial. Foreig nizing reserved culture characteristics. Domesticating is the annotation of the culture characteristics. Deal

13、ing with the reservation and interpretation of cultural characteristics of the relationship between them, we should follow certa in prin ciples.For example：disc jockey唱片騎師（應(yīng)譯為：音樂節(jié)目主持人）Philadelphia lawyer紹興師爺，精明的律師三. Skills of Translation1. Divisi on and Comb in ati onDivision which is also called Mo

14、dular approach, according to authorization to make a sentence into a few words. For example:The year 1983 begaand endec with an unusual oil crisis： fears that the price of crude oil would not go up but dow n.1983年新年伊始，就存在著一種異乎尋常的石油危機：人們擔(dān)心原油價格要下降，而不是上揚。這一年結(jié)束的時候，情況依然如故。Comb in ati on is also called Bo

15、ttom-up method, mai nly based on the prin ciple of compact and con cise style to make two or more senten ces the n tran slate into one. For example:This no vel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler.這部小說純屬胡編亂造，沒有多大文學(xué)價值。Translation is a kind of comprehensive thinking activity. There

16、fore, the methods of tran slati on of adopt ing are ofte n not sin gle, but several methods are used together. Divisi on and comb in ati on are used simulta neously, it is so. For example:Although the size of the task wait ing to be carried out is daun ti ng and there are many hurdles to be overcome

17、, it would be wrong to end my address on a note of pessimism. Many coun tries have already made con siderable progress in this regard.盡管等待我們?nèi)ネ瓿傻娜蝿?wù)規(guī)模之大令人畏懼，盡管有許多障礙有待克服， 但是以悲觀的調(diào)子來結(jié)束我的發(fā)言是錯誤的，因為許多國家在此方面已經(jīng)取得了長足的進步。2. Outside and In sideOutside and in side，which refer to the represe ntati on and conno tat

18、i on of Ian guage. In the process of tran slat ing, the tran slator should take a whole over of the con text, and comprehe nsively an alysis, and tran slate the deep meaning of the con text. That is to say, to further the origi nal, as much as possible with pen reveali ng the moral betwee n the lin

19、es, the spirit behi nd the lines and the implicati on bey ond the lin es. For example：（1）Never have I thought brush and heart have so failed each other. 我從未想過這樣筆不從心。（2）He was a withdrawn poler or grind.他是個兩耳不穩(wěn)窗外事的書呆子。（3） A： I wonder what time it is.B: The milkman has just come.甲：不知道現(xiàn)在幾點了？乙：送奶的剛來。3.

20、Lin ear tran slatio n and In verse tran slati onLin ear tran slati on is on the basis of correct un dersta nding of the orig inal sentence meaning, and split the sentence into small parts in accorda nee with the group. Then tran slate the parts accord ing to the order. Whe n it n ecessary, with the

21、proper words conn ect ing with con text, and make a complete senten ce. For example:(1)You are already show ing it dow n my throat (2) that you are the one with the job, (3)but it's not so won derful.(1)你老在向我吹，(2)你的工作干得如何如何出色，(3)其實并沒有什么 了不起。Inverse translation is in accordanee with the meaning o

22、f the sentence after breaking up the sentence,against the syntax of the original arrangement, from the back forward one by one piece of translation, and combine into a sentence. For example:(1)It was a kee n disappo in tme nt (2) whe n I had to postp one the visit (3)which I had inten ded to pay to

23、China in Janu ary.(3)我原打算一月份訪問中國，(2)后來不得不推遲，(1)這使我深感失望。Combi ning the lin ear tran slatio n and in verse tran slati on is divided accordi ng to the meaning of original text, and then from the middle of a group of translation to retur n to the front of the rest past of the group. For example:(1)It wa

24、s ironical to reflect (2) that if I had no t lived in France for so long (3)I would n ever have found it n ecessaror possible to visit the America n South.(1)如果不是在法國住了那么長時間，(3)我絕不會覺得有必要，或者有可能 去訪問美國南方，(1 )想到這里倒覺得是一種諷刺。4. Addi ng and Omitti ngAdding which is also known as "suppleme nt ”，refers to

25、 the add ing words in the translation which has its meaning in the original word but do not appear in the senten ce. This method is used to express the ideological content of the orig inal much more smoothly and fidelity. Add ing does not mean creati ng somethi ng out of nothing, and add the words o

26、ptio nally. Addi ng can be divided into sema ntic add ing, structural add ing and rhetorical add ing.(一) Semantic AddingIn order to make the meaning of versi on clearly and smoothly, tran slatio n ofte n accord ing to the n eeds of sen se. The verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, qua ntifier, etc. are

27、 added in the tran slati on to in dicate plural noun and verb ten ses, etc. For example:All empty souls tends to extreme op in io n.內(nèi)心空虛的人愛走極端。Time drops in decay, like a can dle burnt out.時間一點一滴地逝去，猶如蠟燭慢慢燃盡。(二) Structural AddingEllipsis is a feature in En glish. When do En glish-Ch in ese tran slat

28、io n, we ofte n n eed to reple nish the various elliptical comp onents in accorda nee with the syn tax, tomake the tran slati on sentence have complete meaning and smoothly. For example:This is as true of n ati ons as it is of in dividuals.個人是這樣，國家也是這樣。(as it is true of in dividuals.)A fool and his

29、words are soon parted; a man of genius and his mon ey.愚人會很快忘記說過的話，智者會很快放棄手里的錢。(.a man of genius and his money are soon parted.)(三) Rhetorical AddingTranslator often use rhetorical adding when he is threshing, revising and polish ing tran slati on in the process of writ ing. And the added words do not cha nge the meaning of orig in al. For example:For all sad words of ton gue or pen, the saddest are threeft might have bee n” 口頭說的也好，筆頭寫的也好，最糟糕的莫過于：“或許本來就是！”Fine words dress ill deeds.花言巧語，罪惡行徑。Omitti ng refers to not tran slate the mean