(完整版)初中助動(dòng)詞綜合分析(全,含練習(xí)和答案)

1、 have 它們沒有詞匯意義，只有語(yǔ)法作用，如協(xié)助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行體，完成佻被動(dòng)態(tài)，否定 句，疑問句等。 例如： He is giving a lecture-他在作講座 * Heha& made a plan.他已經(jīng)制定了計(jì)劃 Hi small animals are kept in the cages 小動(dòng)物都關(guān)在籠子里. 2. 半助動(dòng)詞: 在功能上介于主動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之間的一類結(jié)構(gòu)，稱為半助動(dòng)詞。 常見的半助動(dòng)詞有： be about to ， be due to ， be going to ， be likely to萼假計(jì)劃實(shí)施了嗎? be meant to be obliged to

2、 be supposed to ， be willing to 黑足計(jì)耶左尬丁嗎丿 助動(dòng)詞可以協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)或者語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)與否定副詞 not 連 3. 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞: 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞包括：will(would) ,shall(should) , can(could) , may(might) , must , need , dare , ought to , used to , had better 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞一般簡(jiǎn)稱為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。后接動(dòng)詞原形。 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制。 兩個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞不能連用。 例： 他將能夠及時(shí)完成此事。 He will can

3、finish it in time. x He will be able to finish it in time. Vhave to , seem to , be unable to be unwilling to 等 Do come to my birthday party. 一定來(lái)參加我的生日宴會(huì)。 （三）助動(dòng)詞用法精講 1. 助動(dòng)詞be的用袪 1） 也-現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中例如： They arc having meeting.他彳|正在開會(huì) a English is becoming more and more important.英i吾現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越重要 2） 過去分詞，枸成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

4、態(tài)。例如 The ivindow was broken by Tom一窗戶是湯媳打碎的。 English is taught throughout the .世界各地都教英語(yǔ) * 3） 2 +動(dòng)詞不壬式.可表示:下列內(nèi)容= 札表示最近、未來(lái)的計(jì)劃或安排.例如, Heis to go to New York next week.他下周要去紐約心 AVe are io reach rhe freshmen.我們尋教新主。 說(shuō)明！這種用法也可以說(shuō)成是一種將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法. b. 表示命令。例如： You are to explain this. 對(duì)此你要做出解釋。 He is to come to t

5、he office this afternoon. 要他今天下午來(lái)辦公室。 c. 征求意見。例如： How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答復(fù)他？ Who is to go there? 誰(shuí)該去那兒呢？ d. 表示相約、商定。例如： We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨 7點(diǎn)在校門口集合。 2. 助動(dòng)詞 have的用法Do come to my birthday party. 一定來(lái)參加我的生日宴會(huì)。 1) have +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如: He has left fo

6、r London.他已去了倫敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。 2) have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： 一| I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)，已達(dá)十年之久 3) have +been +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中國(guó)教英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)多年。 3. 助動(dòng)詞 do的用

7、法 1) 構(gòu)成一般疑問句。例如： Do you want to pass the CET?你想通過大學(xué)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試嗎？ | Did you study German?你們學(xué)過德語(yǔ)嗎？ 2) do + not 構(gòu)成否定句。例如： I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評(píng)。 He doesnt like to study. 他不想學(xué)習(xí)。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 過去，好多學(xué)生不知道英語(yǔ)的重要性。 3) 構(gòu)成否定祈使句。例如： Dont go there. 不

8、要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded. 不要這么心不在焉。 說(shuō)明： 構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用 do，不用 did和 does。 4) 放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣。例如： I did go there. 我確實(shí)去那兒了。 I do miss you. 我確實(shí)想你。 5） 用于倒裝句。例如： Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說(shuō)過這樣的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進(jìn)了大學(xué)以后，我們才認(rèn)識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性

9、。 說(shuō)明： 引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well 等。 6） 用作代動(dòng)詞。例如： - Do you like Beijing? -你喜歡北京嗎？ - Yes, I do.-是的，喜歡。（do用作代動(dòng)詞，代替 like Beijing.） He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he?他知道如何開車，對(duì)吧？ 4. 助動(dòng)詞 shall 和 will 的用法 shall 和 will 作為助動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 表示單純的將來(lái)時(shí)，shall 用于第一人稱，第二人稱只用于問句

10、； will 多用于第二、第三人稱，口語(yǔ)中 will 也可用于第一人稱。 I shall study harder at English. 我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 Shall we be back in time? 我們會(huì)即使回來(lái)嗎？ He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。 Will you be free tomorrow afternoon? 你明天下午有空嗎？ 5. 助動(dòng)詞 should, would 的用法 1）should 無(wú)詞義，只是 shall 的過去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來(lái)時(shí)，只用于第一人稱，常用于間接 引語(yǔ)，表示將，將會(huì)。例如： I telepho

11、ned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話, 問他我下周干什么He said he should return, and he did return. 他說(shuō)過他會(huì)回來(lái)的，他果然回來(lái)了 She realized that she should have to do most of her farm work before sunshine. 她明白她得在日出之前干完大部分農(nóng)活。 2) would 也無(wú)詞義，是 will 的過去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來(lái)時(shí)，常用于間接引語(yǔ)，表示將，將 會(huì)。例如： He said he

12、 would come. 他說(shuō)他要來(lái)。 I felt confident that everything would be all right. 我確信一切都會(huì)好的。 (四) 助動(dòng)詞在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中的應(yīng)用 1.由連系動(dòng)詞Him k, are構(gòu)成的句子* 變一般疑間句時(shí)把込，心虹已提到句子的前面，句尾用間號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí) 直接在皿F 15, are后面加not即可。例如； 肯定句H芒治a. student. 般疑冋句：h hi a.呂tuden芒 否定句:He is HOT a student. 畫線提間：對(duì)h巳握|孔 Who is a studeiLr7 對(duì) a. studeni VTiar i

13、s he 螢劭是am品的過去式.were是art的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時(shí)，變疑問 句及否定句方法與(1)相同。 1. 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, may,will ， shall 等構(gòu)成的句子： 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 can, may,will ，shall 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號(hào)即可 變否定句時(shí)直接在 can,may,后面加 not 即可.例如： 肯定句：She can swim. 一般疑問句：Can she swim? 否定句：She can not swim. 畫線提問：對(duì) she提問：Who can swim? 對(duì) swim 提問:What can she do? could,migh

14、t,would,should 是 can,may,will,shall 的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時(shí)，變疑問句及否定 句方法與(1)相同 2. 由行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子： 需要加助詞 do或 does. | 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 do/does 放在句子前面.| 變否定句時(shí)把 dont/doesnt 放在動(dòng)詞的前面。 要注意觀察動(dòng)詞的形式并對(duì)號(hào)入座。 一般疑問句和否定句的動(dòng)詞三單式都要變回原型。 playdo playsdoes 例如： 肯定句:They play football after school. He plays football after school. 一般疑問句：Do they

15、 play football after school? Does he play football after school? 否定句:They dont (do not) play football after school. He doesnt play football after school. 劃線提問： 對(duì) they/he 提問：Who plays football after school? 對(duì) play football 提問：What do they do after school? What does he do after school? 對(duì) after school

16、提問：When do they play football? When does he play football? 3. 由 have, has 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子: 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 have,has 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號(hào)即可 變否定句時(shí)直接在 have,has 后面加 not 即可。 例如： 肯定句： He has read todays newspaper. 一般疑問句：Has he read todays newspaper.? 否定句:He has not read todays newspaper. 畫線提問: 對(duì) he 提問:Who has read todays ne

17、wspaper? 對(duì) todays newspaper 提問:What has he did? had 是 have和 has 的過去式， 在構(gòu)成的過去完成時(shí)句子中， 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 had 提到到句子的前面，句 尾用問號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在 had 后面加 not 即可 若 have,has,had 沒有出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，則當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞對(duì)待，請(qǐng)參考實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法 ! AZ 典例講解 丄 I 4屯 Everyone txies his best to active a higher score in Grade Nine.做般疑冋句） _ everyone_ s b亡st to achi

18、eve a higher scare in Grade Nine? I 錯(cuò)i吳擬作： Does cverTone tries his best to achieve 1 higher score in Grade Nine lEttSIT： DZE verT&ne rtvhi& best to ichiee 謎 higher score in Grade Nine? （四）助動(dòng)詞在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中的應(yīng)用 構(gòu)成的句子= am,乩ar亡提到句子的前面，旬尾用間號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí) 即可。例如： 否定句:He is HOT a student. Hl線提間：對(duì)h亡提|孔 Who is a s

19、tudenr 對(duì) a srudern YMiar is he17 was 是 am:is 的過去式， were 是 are 的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時(shí).變疑問 句及否定句方法與（1）相同。 1. 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, may,will , shall 等構(gòu)成的句子： 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 can, may,will , shall 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號(hào)即可. 變否定句時(shí)直接在 can,may,后面加 not 即可.例如： 肯定句:She can swim. 一般疑問句：Can she swim? 否定句:She can not swim. 畫線提問：對(duì) she提問：Who can swi

20、m? 對(duì) swim 提問:What can she do? could,might,would,should 是 can,may,will,shall 的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時(shí)，變疑問句及 否定句方法與（1）相同。 2. 由行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子 1.由連系動(dòng)詞sum is 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 直接在am, isp are后面加noi 肯定句:He is a student. 疑間句：Is he a smdcni9 需要加助詞 do或 does. 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 do/does 放在句子前面.| 變否定句時(shí)把 dont/doesnt 放在動(dòng)詞的前面。 要注意觀察動(dòng)詞的形式并對(duì)號(hào)入座。 一般疑

21、問句和否定句的動(dòng)詞三單式都要變回原型。 playdo playsdoes 例如： 肯定句：They play football after school. He plays football after school. 一般疑問句:Do they play football after school? Does he play football after school? 否定句:They dont (do not) play football after school. He doesnt play football after school. 劃線提問： 對(duì) they/he 提問：Who

22、plays football after school? 對(duì) play football 提問：What do they do after school? What does he do after school? 對(duì) after school 提問：When do they play football? When does he play football? 3. 由 have, has 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子：| 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 have,has 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號(hào)即可。 變否定句時(shí)直接在 have,has 后面加 not 即可。 例如： 肯定句： He has read toda

23、ys newspaper. 一般疑問句:Has he read todays newspaper.? 否定句:He has not read todays newspaper. 畫線提問： 對(duì) he 提問：Who has read todays newspaper? 對(duì) todays newspaper 提問:What has he did? had 是 have和 has 的過去式，在構(gòu)成的過去完成時(shí)句子中， 變一般疑問句時(shí)把 had 提到到句子的前面, 句尾用問號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在 had 后面加 not 即可。 若 have,has,had 沒有出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，則當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞對(duì)待

24、，請(qǐng)參考實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法。 典例講解 關(guān)! Everyone tries his best to achieve a higher score in Grade Nine.似一般疑冋句） !錯(cuò)誤揀作： | I Does evervrone tries his best to achieve a higher sccre in Grade Nine? 正確操作： j Does everTone trv his best to ichieve a higher score in Grade Nine? n （五）習(xí)題演練 14. 練練 1. E燈ery morning Sarah his an eg

25、g and a piece of bread is her breakfasi. 政為一般疑問句 _ SarMi _ an egg and a piece of biead is her breakfast everr morning? 2. Susan does j ogging 10 keep hers elf fit.（改為否定旬） Susan _ jogging 10keep herself fit, 3. Th已 exciiing news spread fai and widely,（改為般疑I 可句） _ the exciting news _ fki and widelyQ 4. The Blacks set off far Hangz