學(xué)校地理課與生存教育

1、2021-11-5Geography in schools and education for survival學(xué)校地理課與生存教育David Lambert大衛(wèi)蘭伯特2021-11-5Geography in schools and education for survivalGeography in schools and education for survival 學(xué)校地理課與生存教育學(xué)校地理課與生存教育2021-11-5Crisis, what crisis?危機(jī)，什么危機(jī)？ Environmental 環(huán)境方面 global climate change 全球氣候變化 Econom

2、ic 經(jīng)濟(jì)方面 global financial crisis 全球性金融危機(jī) Educational 教育方面 how to respond? 如何做出回應(yīng)？2021-11-5What geography is significant to the What geography is significant to the 21st century learner?21st century learner?對對2 21 1世紀(jì)學(xué)生有重要意義的地理學(xué)世紀(jì)學(xué)生有重要意義的地理學(xué)是什么樣的？是什么樣的？2021-11-5Whats the purpose of school geography?學(xué)校

3、地理的目的是什么？And end in itself?OrA means to an end?以其自身作為終結(jié)還僅是一個達(dá)到目的的方法？2021-11-5Geography underpin Geography underpin i is a lifelong conversation about the s a lifelong conversation about the earth as the home of humankind.earth as the home of humankind.地理基礎(chǔ)是關(guān)于地球作為人類家園的終生地理基礎(chǔ)是關(guān)于地球作為人類家園的終生 “ “談話談話” ”

4、It is not a narrow academic subject for the few. It is a It is not a narrow academic subject for the few. It is a fundamental idea. It is of relevance to everyone.fundamental idea. It is of relevance to everyone.對于少數(shù)人來說，這并不是一個狹窄的學(xué)術(shù)課題，而是一個基對于少數(shù)人來說，這并不是一個狹窄的學(xué)術(shù)課題，而是一個基本的、十分重要的構(gòu)思，關(guān)系到每個人本的、十分重要的構(gòu)思，關(guān)系到每個人

5、- - Geography fascinates and inspires Geography fascinates and inspires 地理能夠激發(fā)人的興趣，鼓舞人的心靈地理能夠激發(fā)人的興趣，鼓舞人的心靈- - Geography deepens understanding Geography deepens understanding 地理能夠加深人的理解力地理能夠加深人的理解力- - Thinking with geography enables decision-making Thinking with geography enables decision-making 地理視角

6、能夠增強(qiáng)地理視角能夠增強(qiáng)決策能力決策能力- - Geographical enquiry encourages skills development Geographical enquiry encourages skills development 地理的需求鼓勵技能的發(fā)展Source: the GA Manifesto Source: the GA Manifesto A Different ViewA Different View (.uk/adifferentview)Geography is all about the living, breathi

7、ng essence of the world we live in. It explains the past, illuminates the present and prepares us for the future. 地理是關(guān)于生命的一切，正如我們生活在世界上呼吸的本質(zhì).它解釋了過去，說明了現(xiàn)在，并且也為未來生活做好了準(zhǔn)備What could be more important than that? 有什么能比這更重要呢？Michael Palin, 27 November 2007 At the reception at the Speakers House, House of C

8、ommons, to celebrate the successes of the Action Plan for Geography.邁克爾.佩林 2007年11月27日在“演講者的家，康芒斯的家招待會上，慶祝地理行動計劃的成功2021-11-5“I want my children to understand the world, “I want my children to understand the world, but not just because the world is fascinating but not just because the world is fascin

9、ating and the human mind is curious. and the human mind is curious. I want them to understand it so they will be I want them to understand it so they will be positioned to make it a better place.”positioned to make it a better place.”我希望我的孩子們?nèi)ダ斫馐澜?，并不僅僅是因為世界是極有我希望我的孩子們?nèi)ダ斫馐澜?，并不僅僅是因為世界是極有吸引力的，以及人類思想具有的

10、求知欲。我想讓他們明白，吸引力的，以及人類思想具有的求知欲。我想讓他們明白，只有這樣，他們才能把自己擺在一個更好的位置。只有這樣，他們才能把自己擺在一個更好的位置。Gardner H (2000) Intelligence Reframed: multiple intelligences for the 21st century, NY: Basic Books. P 180-12021-11-5The moral implications of teaching geography 地理教學(xué)的道德含義Questions 問題: What are the children learning (

11、anyhow) 孩子們學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容是什么？2. What are the children learning through my teaching? 孩子們通過我們的教學(xué)學(xué)到了什么？3. In what ways is this learning an educational achievement? 達(dá)到一個有教育意義的目標(biāo)需要用什么教學(xué)方式？4. Has it enabled students to travel with a different view? 這有助于學(xué)生采用一個不同的角度去看待問題和做事嗎？2021-11-5Student Experiences 學(xué)生經(jīng)驗Geography

12、: the subject 地理：主題Teacher Choices 教師的選擇Underpinned by Key Concepts通過關(guān)鍵概念的基礎(chǔ)Thinking Geographically地理思維Which learning activity ?哪種學(xué)習(xí)活動？Does this take the learner beyond what they already know ?這會超越初學(xué)者的這會超越初學(xué)者的前認(rèn)知嗎？前認(rèn)知嗎？Curriculum MakingCurriculum Making2021-11-5The subject主題 Geography not as an end

13、in itself but a resource in the service of educational aims 地理并不是它自身的終結(jié)，而是一個服務(wù)于教育目標(biāo)的資源 Geography - “defined not as a collection of facts but as the state of the art conceptual frameworks of the subject” 地理的定義并不是所有事實(shí)的集合，而是體現(xiàn)學(xué)科最新技術(shù)概念主題的構(gòu)架2021-11-5Curriculum 總課程opportunities 機(jī)會contexts for learning 學(xué)習(xí)背

14、景Range and content范圍和內(nèi)容Key concepts 關(guān)鍵概念I(lǐng)mportanceWhy the subject matters and how it contributes to the aimsLess prescribed content but an increased focus on subject discipline the key ideas and skills that underpin a subject.很少的規(guī)定性內(nèi)容，但是增強(qiáng)關(guān)注學(xué)科訓(xùn)練.關(guān)鍵構(gòu)思和技巧可以鞏固學(xué)科A new look at subjects在學(xué)科方面的新形象Key proces

15、ses 關(guān)鍵過程2021-11-5The study of geography stimulates an interest in, and a sense of wonder about, places and helps make sense of a complex and dynamically changing world. It explains how places and landscapes are formed, how people and environment interact, and how a diverse range of economies and soc

16、ieties are interconnected. It builds on pupils own experiences to investigate at all scales from the personal to the global.這項地理研究激勵了人的興趣和求知心，指示并幫助我們了解復(fù)雜多變的世界，它解釋了區(qū)域和景觀的形成，人類和環(huán)境的相互作用，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會是如何互相聯(lián)系并且變化發(fā)展的，它建立在學(xué)生們的自身經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，去調(diào)查從個人到全球的各個角度。2021-11-5 Geographical enquiry encourages questioning, investigat

17、ion and critical thinking about issues affecting the world and peoples lives, for the present and future. Fieldwork is an essential element of this. Pupils learn to think spatially, using maps, visual images and new technologies, including geographical information systems, to obtain, present and ana

18、lyse information. Geography inspires pupils to become global citizens by exploring their own place in the world, their values and responsibilities to other people, to the environment and to the sustainability of the planet. 地理學(xué)的探索鼓勵多提問，調(diào)查和批判性的思考一些對世界和人類生活有影響的因素，無論是現(xiàn)在的還是未來的。實(shí)地調(diào)查是一個必不可少的因素，學(xué)生們?nèi)W(xué)習(xí)從空間的、

19、使用地圖的、視覺形象和新科技的角度思考問題，包括地理信息系統(tǒng)去獲得當(dāng)前的信息并進(jìn)行分析。地理鼓勵學(xué)生成為世界公民，通過探索自己在世界上的位置、價值以及對別人、對環(huán)境和對地球的持續(xù)性責(zé)任。2021-11-5What are the key concepts in Geography?地理學(xué)科中的關(guān)鍵概念是什么？2021-11-5KEY PROCESSESKEY PROCESSES關(guān)鍵過程關(guān)鍵過程What are the stages of enquiry?這些探索的過程是什么？這些探索的過程是什么？Creating a need to know創(chuàng)造一個求知的需求創(chuàng)造一個求知的需求speculat

20、ing, hypothesising, generating ideas, asking questions, planning how to research推測、假設(shè)出一些觀點(diǎn)，提問，計劃如何去研究Using sources使用資源使用資源locating evidence,collecting, selecting, sorting, classifying,sequencing需找證據(jù)，收集、選擇、分類、排序Reflecting on Learning仔細(xì)回想學(xué)習(xí)過程仔細(xì)回想學(xué)習(xí)過程evaluating,identifying areas for improvement評估和識別區(qū)域以

21、便改善Making sense表述清晰表述清晰describing, explaining, comparing, contrasting,analysing, concluding描述，解釋，比較，對比，分析，論斷2021-11-5School Geography and “Capabilities” 學(xué)校地理和素質(zhì)2021-11-5A student thinking geographically.一個學(xué)生的地理思維一個學(xué)生的地理思維What does that mean? What does she need in order What does that mean? What does

22、 she need in order to be able to do that? And how does it benefit her?to be able to do that? And how does it benefit her?那是什么意思？他需要盡全力去做什么呢？怎樣對他有好處呢？2021-11-5CapabilityCapability 素質(zhì)能力素質(zhì)能力Derives from Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum and their work in human welfare and development economics:起源于阿馬蒂亞森和瑪

23、莎.努斯鮑姆以及他們在人類福利方面的工作和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)方面：What it is to be truly human? 何謂真正的人？Anything that prevents fully human functioning is a deprivation of capability 任何阻撓全人類功能的事就是一種剝奪人類素質(zhì)能力的事2021-11-5Thus, poverty is not simply low income. It is:因此，貧窮不是簡單的因此，貧窮不是簡單的“低收入低收入”，而是：，而是：a lack of choice 缺乏選擇a lack of opportunit

24、y 缺乏機(jī)會2021-11-5Other examples of capabilities: 其他素質(zhì)能力的例子：其他素質(zhì)能力的例子： being able to imagine, use the senses, think and reason盡力去想象，用感覺去想象和推理 being able to form a conception of the good and to plan ones life accordingly盡力去形成一個好的概念去計劃一個人相應(yīng)的生活 being able to show concern for others, to empathise and to li

25、ve successfully with others盡力去顯示出對其他事物的關(guān)注，對其他的事物要做到感同身受 being able participate effectively in political choices, with free speech and association盡力去參加有效地政治選擇、自由的演講以及一些社團(tuán)組織after Nussbaum 19932021-11-5Human capabilities and educationHuman capabilities and education人類的素質(zhì)能力和教育人類的素質(zhì)能力和教育NotNot to be conf

26、used with imparting value free skills for the knowledge economy不要被賦予的知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的自由價值技巧所蒙蔽Education to enhance the agency of youngpeople, clarifying values and deepening understanding.教育是提高年輕人能力的服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，弄清楚價值觀并加深理解2021-11-5Human capabilities and educationHuman capabilities and education人類素質(zhì)能力和教育人類素質(zhì)能力和教育 auto

27、nomy and rights autonomy and rights 自主權(quán) choices about how to live choices about how to live 選擇如何去生活 creativity and productivity creativity and productivity 創(chuàng)造性和生產(chǎn)力In a context of moral seriousnessIn a context of moral seriousness 道德重要性的背景Human (intellectual) functioning人類（智力）的功能Based on significant

28、organising ideasBased on significant organising ideas在重要組織結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上在重要組織結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上For example,For example, 例如A “Global Sense of Place”A “Global Sense of Place”空間的全球別- Porous boundaries Porous boundaries 可穿透的范圍- Meeting points Meeting points 交叉交叉點(diǎn)- Power geometries Power geometries 能量結(jié)構(gòu)-This enables a frame

29、work for This enables a framework for understanding. It helps us puts more understanding. It helps us puts more specific matters into the context of specific matters into the context of wider implications and wider implications and erdependencies.-這可以增強(qiáng)理解機(jī)構(gòu)，它幫助我們把更多特定的細(xì)節(jié)加入到廣闊的含義

30、和相關(guān)性背景中2021-11-5“Vibrant City”-充滿生機(jī)的城市充滿生機(jī)的城市 The neo-liberal orthodoxy has “dulled our ability to think for, or beyond, ourselves” The neo-liberal orthodoxy has “dulled our ability to think for, or beyond, ourselves” 新自由主義觀念已經(jīng)超越我們的能力去思考或者新自由主義觀念已經(jīng)超越我們的能力去思考或者 超越我們自己超越我們自己Wadley 2008Wadley 20082021-

31、11-5IdentityIdentity- -身份身份Who am I? Where am I from? Who is my family? What is their story? And the people around me?我是誰？我從哪里來？我的家是我是誰？我從哪里來？我的家是“誰誰”？他們的故事？他們的故事是什么？我周圍的人是什么？是什么？我周圍的人是什么？Society-Society-社會社會Who decides on who gets what, where and why? What is fair? Why care? 誰決定每個人得到了什么，從哪得到的，為什么？誰

32、決定每個人得到了什么，從哪得到的，為什么？公平是什么？為什么要關(guān)注公平？公平是什么？為什么要關(guān)注公平？2021-11-5The physical environmentThe physical environment- -物理環(huán)境物理環(huán)境What is the world (and this place) made of? What is the world (and this place) made of? Why do things move? What becomes of things?Why do things move? What becomes of things?這個世界（和這

33、個場所）是由什么組成的？這個世界（和這個場所）是由什么組成的？為什么東西會移動為什么東西會移動? ?這些事物會變成什么這些事物會變成什么? ?Our place in the worldOur place in the world- -在世界上我們所處的在世界上我們所處的位置位置Where do I live? How does it look? How is it Where do I live? How does it look? How is it changing? How might it become?changing? How might it become?我們生活在哪我們生活

34、在哪? ?他看起來怎么樣他看起來怎么樣? ?他是在怎么他是在怎么變化著的變化著的? ?他以后可能會變成怎么樣的他以后可能會變成怎么樣的? ?2021-11-5School geography and capabilitiesSchool geography and capabilities學(xué)校地理和素學(xué)校地理和素質(zhì)質(zhì)能力能力School geography enables young people to extend and develop their:學(xué)校地理可以增強(qiáng)年輕人擴(kuò)展和發(fā)展他們自己的: world knowledge and knowledgeknowledge of earth

35、as the home of humankind 世界知識和地球知識,就像人類的家 relational understandingunderstanding of people and places in the world 與人類的理解力有關(guān)以及世界上的空間 dispositiondisposition to link social, economic and environmental processes 與社交的,經(jīng)濟(jì)的和環(huán)保的過程相聯(lián)系的性格2021-11-5“We are encouraging schools to be outward looking, “We are enco

36、uraging schools to be outward looking, globally minded and future focused.globally minded and future focused.我們鼓勵學(xué)校向外看，要有全局思想還要聚焦和關(guān)注未來我們鼓勵學(xué)校向外看，要有全局思想還要聚焦和關(guān)注未來(Schools should) enable open-ended engagement (Schools should) enable open-ended engagement with wider world issues Its the tensions that with wider world issues Its the tensions that students confront when they do so that are important.”students confront when th