話(huà)題及詞匯—短對(duì)話(huà)篇

1、考查學(xué)生對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)地點(diǎn)及人物去向的判斷 1.常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式： Where does the conversation probably take place? Where is the woman going?Where are the two speakers? 2.常用關(guān)鍵詞：（一） HotelHotel front desk, reception, room service, reservation, to book room,register, to check in, to check out, porter, single room, double room, vacant room,

2、suite, bathroom, tip （二）（二）RestaurantRestaurant cafeteria, bar, waiter, waitress, order, reserve, menu, bill, tip, go Dutch, my treat, taste, dessert, have a sweet tooth, main dish, hot dog, toast, sandwich, pizza, pie, drink, whisky, wine, alcohol, beer, soup, appetizer, barbecue, cheese, roast, pu

3、b, saloon, snack, recipe（三）（三）PostPost office office mail, postage, postcard, parcel, package, regular mail, registered mail, special delivery, express, air-mail, zip code, stamp, envelope, to dial, extension, long distance call, collect call, to install a phone, yellow pages, telegram, telegraph （四

4、）Shop department, supermarket, groceries, size, style, fashion, brand, price, cost, cash, on sale, expensive, cheap, bargain, color, in stock, out of stock （五） Book Store buy, return, order, edition, periodicals, paperback, hardback, regular price, on sale, out of print （六）Bank open an account, a sa

5、vings account, a checking account, cash a check, interests, balance, fixed deposit, current account, bank clerk Library latest issue, up-to-date information, card, be due, overdue, to renew, borrow, return, to pay fines, author catalogue, subject catalogue, card catalogue, indicator number, call num

6、ber, alphabetical order, reference book, circulation, bookshelf School registration, graduate, enroll, quit school, term, semester, academic year, quiz, exam, experiment, doctors degree, bachelors degree, masters degree, tuition, scholarship, credit, campus, dormitory, clinic, canteen, gym, Students

7、 Union, Students Center, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, graduate student, lecture, compulsory course, optional course, assignment, paper, seminar, subject, topic, presentation, liberal arts, scienceAirport and Custom Airline, air-hostess, depart from Gate 2, arrive at Gate 3, fl

8、ight101, luggage, take off, departure, arrival, smoking section, non-smoking section, boarding pass, baggage claim tag, an aisle seat, seat belt, declare, claim, fill in the form, duty free, pay duty on Railway Station and Bus Station platform, carriage, conductor, passenger, taxi driver, pull in, p

9、ull out, sleeping car, emergency brakeCourt jury, judge, counselor, lawyer, case, sue, appeal, accuse sb. of sth., charge sb. with sth.,trial, sentence, serve Hospital doctor, surgeon, dentist, nurse, patient, general ward, private ward, isolation ward, observation ward, consulting room, emergency r

10、oom, out-patient department, in-patient department, ambulance, allergy, bruise/wound, dizzy, fever, infection, nausea, pain, vomit, burn, chill, cramp, cough, itch, cold/flu, insomnia, diarrhea, a sore throat, high/low blood pressure, feel sick at ones stomach, have a stomachache, lose ones appetite

11、, prescriptionDrugstore pharmacy, make up a prescription, pills, tablet, dose, powder, capsule, mixture, antibiotic, digestive, sleeping pill Filling Station and Garage grease the car, fill up the tank, brake, emergency brake, steering wheel, battery, windscreen, a flat tire, super, two gallons of s

12、uper, regular, three gallons of regularOthers theatre, cinema, exhibition, concert, party, go to the movies, dancing ball, fashion show, garden, kitchen, watering flowers, barbers haircutCountries and States America, the States, California, New York, Alaska, Chicago, Washington, Los Angles, Hawaii,

13、Atlanta, Boston, Britain, England, London, Canada, Ottawa, France, Paris, Italy, Rome, Spain, Australia, GermanDirection right, left, in front of, next to, close, beside, by, northwest 由于說(shuō)話(huà)人之間的關(guān)系不同，其用詞、造句、語(yǔ)氣都有差異，要求學(xué)生在正確捕捉相關(guān)信息的前提下判斷、推測(cè)人物間的關(guān)系及身份。 常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式： Who is the man/woman? What is the mans/womans j

14、ob/profession/occupation? What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? Who is the man/woman most probably speaking to? 常用關(guān)鍵詞： Postman deliver, letter, parcel, mail, post, airmail, registered letter, postcard, mailbox, postage,etc. Doctors and Patients examination, prescribe, injection

15、, operation, fever, cough, headache, diagnose, medicine, flu, surgery, be operated on, indigestion, etc. Whats the matter with you? Whats wrong (with you)? I sufferedTeachers and Students textbook, course, grade, mark, exam, term paper, test, assignment, homework, lesson, class score, scholarship, p

16、ass, fail, semester, credit, oral exam, written exam, make up an exam, school record, tuition, drop out Waiter or Waitress, Shop-assistant , Attendant menu, order, tip, on sale, for sale, marked price, discount, selling season, shopping record, treat, go Dutch, steak, ham, out of style, in fashion,

17、all the rage, in good taste What can I do for you? May I help you? May I take your order now? Would you like something else?Will this be cash or charge/check/cheque?Repairman fix, plug, gear, garage, vacuum, air-conditioner, heater, refrigerator, washing machine, drain, microwave, switch, plumber so

18、mething is wrong withPolice speeding, traffic light, drivers license, fine, give a ticket toTaxi-driver fare, meter, get off, change, tip, destination, etc. Where shall I take you? Where to?Custom officer passport, restricted articles, free of duty, Do you have anything to declare? Anything dutiable

19、?Librarian borrow, library card, periodical, journal, catalogue, book shelf, due, overdue, renewBank Clerk balance, cash, check, an open account, interest, overdraft, withdraw, deposit Airport Staff and Customer cabin door, gate, business class, economy class, first class, restricted articles, singl

20、e ticket, return ticket, difference in time, airsick, seat belt fasten, take off, board, land語(yǔ)氣詞語(yǔ)氣詞 : Hi! Please! How do you do? How are you? Hello!Boss and secretary typing, operating, copy, files, document, report, telephone, appointment, timetable, arrangement, etc. 要求考生在聽(tīng)題的過(guò)程上獲取相關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，或?qū)?shù)字、時(shí)間表達(dá)

21、做出準(zhǔn)確辨別，或根據(jù)題意對(duì)已獲得的時(shí)間、數(shù)字進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的加、減、乘、除運(yùn)算，就比率和倍數(shù)關(guān)系進(jìn)行換算。 常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：How long will the man do? How much/many? How far/long? What time? When? When will?相關(guān)鏈接相關(guān)鏈接： 時(shí)間題：時(shí)間題：時(shí)刻的讀法；年、月、日的讀法；時(shí)間的推算 數(shù)字題：數(shù)字題：多位數(shù)的表達(dá)；基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞；分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的表達(dá)； 貨幣名稱(chēng)和價(jià)格的讀法； 其他與數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞； (a dozen, score, monthly, weekly, decade, century)； (as much as,

22、as long as, half, twice, double, three times, more, less, no more than, no less than, slow, late, early, before, after, notuntil 與數(shù)字有關(guān)易混淆的詞此類(lèi)題型較難，原因有二：（1）原因的闡述通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在第一句，因而易被忽視；（2）信號(hào)詞少，聽(tīng)完完整的表述后才明白其題型重點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式： Why cant the woman eat with the man? Why is the woman/man worried? 常用表達(dá)法： words: because, a

23、s, for , since, in that, hence, therefore, consequently, cause, reason expressions: due to, owing to, because of, thanks to, on account for, as a result, result from, result in, lead to, give rise to, contribute to, attribute to, now that, so that, sothat, suchthat, in order to, be responsible for 說(shuō)

24、話(huà)人中的一方提供某種幫助或提出某種請(qǐng)求，另一方做出肯定或否定的反應(yīng)，或一方提出某種想法與建議，而另一方對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)。重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)建議或請(qǐng)求句型的掌握和對(duì)談話(huà)者語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)的理解。 常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式：What did the man/woman suggest?What did the man/woman want?What did the man ask the woman to do? What did the man offer the woman? What is the mans/womans advice?建議建議：Youmightaswell IfIwereyou,Howabout I

25、dMaybeyoushould Shallwe Whynot?Whybother?Whydontyou?Youdbetter！Youllhaveto請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求： IwonderifWouldyoumindWouldyouliketoWillyoupleaseCouldyoudomeafavor?Howabout 建議建議： You might as well If I were you, How about Id Maybe you should Shall we Why not? Why bother? Why dont you? Youd better！ Youll have to 請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求

26、： I wonder if Would you mind Would you like to Will you please Could you do me a favor? How about 接受：接受： Thank you Id love to, thanks OK. Great idea Its very nice of you doing so 拒絕：拒絕： I dont think it necessary No thanks. Thank you all the time. Sorry Its so kind of you, but No,. If I . I would do

27、that 考生根據(jù)對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞、上下文甚至語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)的內(nèi)涵意義并利用邏輯思維能力進(jìn)行判斷，需對(duì)所傳遞的信息進(jìn)行比較深層次的理解。 常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式： How does the man/woman feel about? What does the man/woman think of? What does the man/woman say about? What does the man/woman mean?注意事項(xiàng)：注意事項(xiàng)： (1) (1) 雙重否定既表肯定雙重否定既表肯定 not impossible, not untrue, cantagree any more, not unu

28、sual, not single, absent, no onebut (2) (2) all,every, many, always+not 為部分否定，并非全部，不是每個(gè)為部分否定，并非全部，不是每個(gè) (3) (3) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表假設(shè)，即為非真實(shí)情況虛擬語(yǔ)氣表假設(shè)，即為非真實(shí)情況相關(guān)詞匯：相關(guān)詞匯：每一說(shuō)話(huà)人持肯定態(tài)度，則第二說(shuō)話(huà)人表示： 贊同：Yes, sure, of course, thanks, right, Thats a good idea, please do, out of question, no problem, by all means 反對(duì)：No, not reall

29、y, not likely, sorry, Im not sure, please dont, I am afraid not, not at all, no way, out of the question 每一說(shuō)話(huà)人持否定態(tài)度，則第二說(shuō)話(huà)人表示：否定： 贊同：No, of course not, you dont, 反對(duì)：Yes, of course, you do 否定意義副詞：Never, scarcely, seldom, rarely, hardly, barely, unable, impossible, in capable, unnecessary, unbelievable

30、, little, ill-minded, no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither, nor, dislike, ignore, fail, refuse, hate, stopfrom, miss, deny, overlook, keepfrom, far from, anything but, without, instead of, run out of , short of, tooto 此題型為聽(tīng)力題型中較難的一種，因?yàn)樗薪忸}都得靠聽(tīng)來(lái)獲取信息，一旦漏跌或錯(cuò)聽(tīng)關(guān)鍵詞，句子的難度就增大。 相關(guān)語(yǔ)法：相關(guān)語(yǔ)法： 1.If所引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句：與現(xiàn)

31、在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的結(jié)構(gòu)搭配;倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；錯(cuò)綜條件句；含蓄條件句Ifhecould（Could/should/had/werehe）lendusahelpinghand,hewoulddoso.Butfor,without,otherwise2Wish,ifonly,wouldthat,asif引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣3.固定的結(jié)構(gòu)（itistimethat+did）wouldrather+did 要求考生根據(jù)兩個(gè)對(duì)話(huà)者所談的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推斷，從更深層次上考查考生對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容的理解程度。 常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式： What does the man/woman imply? What can be infer

32、red from the conversation? What do we learn about the man/woman/conversation? 出現(xiàn)頻率較高的習(xí)語(yǔ)：出現(xiàn)頻率較高的習(xí)語(yǔ)：Its out of question. Its out of the question. I cant agree with you any more. Its up to you. It depends. Dont take it for granted. Come on.It is all very well to say that. It is ones treat. I have never

33、 seen a better(worse) one than that. I wouldnt have missed it for anything! A nexts to B. 解題要點(diǎn)：解題要點(diǎn)： 語(yǔ)調(diào)表達(dá)意義：降調(diào)為肯定，升調(diào)為否定 注重兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的理解：委婉否定與虛擬語(yǔ)氣 第二個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)人內(nèi)容為解題關(guān)鍵 運(yùn)用一定的英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化背景及常用的習(xí)語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式四級(jí)聽(tīng)力中?？荚~組短語(yǔ)，由于某些短語(yǔ)的意思較為特殊，考生易陷入誤區(qū)，故考生就注意平時(shí)積累： What does the man/woman mean? What do we learn from the conversation? What do

34、es the man/woman/think of? 一個(gè)中心一個(gè)中心：大多以大學(xué)校園生活為中心多種場(chǎng)景多種場(chǎng)景：（1）作業(yè)場(chǎng)景；作業(yè)包括assignment，paper，essay，presentation，experiment等形式，作業(yè)一般很多，很難。（2）課程及考試場(chǎng)景；課程（course）一般很難，very challenging，好讓有志于赴美讀書(shū)的各國(guó)青年才俊們?nèi)级笮?。?）授課場(chǎng)景；教授的課（含lecture，presentation等）講的極為枯燥，很難聽(tīng)懂但是學(xué)生卻對(duì)教授評(píng)價(jià)甚高；（4）考試場(chǎng)景；考試一般很難，女生比男生用功，考的好，還很愛(ài)幫助男生上進(jìn)。（5）放假場(chǎng)景；

35、大家思鄉(xiāng)心切，急于回家。（6）打工找工作場(chǎng)景：工作難找，面試要做充分準(zhǔn)備。（7）事故場(chǎng)景：學(xué)生一般命大，遇到交通事故（甚至飛機(jī)墜毀），往往車(chē)（包括自行車(chē)）毀而人無(wú)大礙，受點(diǎn)輕傷或者毫發(fā)未傷。（8）看show場(chǎng)景；一般票難買(mǎi)。（9）噪音場(chǎng)景；一般是嫌原來(lái)的住處too noisy，不利于安心學(xué)習(xí)。（10）找人一般找不到。（11）教授、醫(yī)生、學(xué)生一般都很忙。（12）飛機(jī)、火車(chē)一般都晚點(diǎn)。（13）遇事不要著急，要耐心，要等待。1. 所屬類(lèi)別和其他選項(xiàng)相距甚選的選項(xiàng)所屬類(lèi)別和其他選項(xiàng)相距甚選的選項(xiàng)：(A) The choice of course. (B) A day course. (C) An ev

36、ening course. (D) Their work.其中D選項(xiàng)，明顯和其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬不同類(lèi)別，因而對(duì)的可能性極小。 2. 所涉及的人物和其他選項(xiàng)不同的選項(xiàng)所涉及的人物和其他選項(xiàng)不同的選項(xiàng)：(A) The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.(B) Where they are going to meet Mr. Johnson.(C) The necessity of writing to Mr. Johnson.(D) Who is going to contact Mr. Johnson.其中A選項(xiàng)，明顯和Mr. Johnson.沒(méi)直接關(guān)系, 因

37、而對(duì)的可能性極小。3. 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，僅有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)含有數(shù)字或?qū)Ｓ妹~，則該選項(xiàng)一般不對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，僅有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)含有數(shù)字或?qū)Ｓ妹~，則該選項(xiàng)一般不對(duì)：(A) They are both anxious to try Italian food.(B) They are likely to have dinner together.(C) The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.(D) The woman refused to have dinner with the man.其中有且僅有A選項(xiàng)，含有專(zhuān)用名詞Italian, 因而對(duì)的可能性極小。4

38、. 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，僅有一個(gè)或者兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)含有聽(tīng)力中很少涉及的詞匯，則該選項(xiàng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，僅有一個(gè)或者兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)含有聽(tīng)力中很少涉及的詞匯，則該選項(xiàng)一般不對(duì)一般不對(duì)：(A) He was kept in hospital for a long time.(B) He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.(C) He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion.(D) He was fined for speeding.C選項(xiàng)含有mine explosion在聽(tīng)力和日常口語(yǔ)中很少涉及，因而對(duì)的可能性很小。 5. . 內(nèi)

39、容不合常理、比較荒謬的選項(xiàng)一般不對(duì)內(nèi)容不合常理、比較荒謬的選項(xiàng)一般不對(duì)：(A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.(B) She doesntt agree with the man.(C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.(D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.其中的A選項(xiàng)是不合常理的，大多數(shù)死于交通事故的人是醉鬼車(chē)輪下的冤魂，而不是被稱(chēng)為“馬路殺手”的醉酒司機(jī)，C選項(xiàng)就更為荒謬，Drun

40、k drivers無(wú)罪，天理難容！6. 含義比較絕對(duì)、過(guò)于極端的選項(xiàng)一般不對(duì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，含有含義比較絕對(duì)、過(guò)于極端的選項(xiàng)一般不對(duì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，含有too（太）太）anything, everything等含義比較絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)是不對(duì)的等含義比較絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)是不對(duì)的：(A) She takes it as a kind of exercise. (B) She wants to save money.(C) She loves doing anything that is new. (D) Her office isnt very far.其中，A選項(xiàng)含義比較絕對(duì)，除非有很大把握，一般不能作為正確選項(xiàng)。

41、1.含義相反或者相對(duì)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般就在其中：含義相反或者相對(duì)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般就在其中： A) The woman should confirm her appointment with the doctor. B) The woman should have seen the doctor earlier. C) The womans headache will go away by itself. D) The woman has been complaining too much.其中，B和C選項(xiàng)的含義相反，正確答案就在其中，C選項(xiàng)不符合常理，因而只能是B答案正確。2.結(jié)

42、構(gòu)相差很小、含義差別較大的選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般就在其中：結(jié)構(gòu)相差很小、含義差別較大的選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般就在其中：A) At a cigarette store B) At a bus station C) At a gas station D) At Aunt Marys其中的B和C選項(xiàng)，結(jié)構(gòu)非常相似，僅差一個(gè)詞，答案一般就在其中。直接直接 是指正確選項(xiàng)或者其中的主要詞匯直接出現(xiàn)在錄音中的關(guān)鍵信息中，A部分和B部分的大多數(shù)并列。細(xì)節(jié)題均屬此類(lèi)，遵循“聽(tīng)到什么選什么”的原則。轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)換 分為同義轉(zhuǎn)換和反義轉(zhuǎn)換，如果某一個(gè)選項(xiàng)或者選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞和錄音中的關(guān)鍵信息同義或者相反，則改選項(xiàng)一般為正確選項(xiàng)。推

43、理推理 則需要錄音中的相關(guān)信息總結(jié)、歸納出正確答案。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，可以在錄音中直接找到答案的四級(jí)聽(tīng)力試題的比例約為35%，50%的題目可以在錄音中找到和正確答案的同義或反義的句子。推理題難度較大，但是，可以根據(jù)談話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣、場(chǎng)景規(guī)律以及B部分同一篇文章的其他題目的答案或者文章中重復(fù)次數(shù)很多的單詞或者概念確定答案。對(duì)于講話(huà)的人或者作者刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，命題的可能性很大。（1）使用具有增加使用具有增加聽(tīng)者聽(tīng)者注意力功能的詞匯注意力功能的詞匯：e.g. most, only, just, particularly, really, new, free, famous, strange , unusual,

44、 surprise, shocked, always, each, ever, every, little, few, any, nothing, full of, complete, throughout, all, almost, nearly, total, important, must, stress, note, notice, range, insist, add , laugh, desperation, horror, fear, disaster, key, minimum等等；（2）使用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及句式使用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)、比較、否定，虛擬)： 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)（do,does,did）； 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+其它成份； 形容詞、形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)及不同級(jí)的比較副詞的原級(jí)及不同級(jí)的比較： e.g. as/soas結(jié)構(gòu)、not soas, the same as, morethan, preferto, would ratherthan, have more than enough, the mostin (among), 倍數(shù)+asas, not so much as, more than any other, no better than, nothi