語法填空題型講解

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx語法填空題型講解【精品文檔】語法填空專題 知己知彼2014年2月份國(guó)家考試中心公布的考試說明宣布從2014年開始，課標(biāo)高考全國(guó)卷也將以語法填空替代使用了幾十年之久的單項(xiàng)選擇。語法填空是根據(jù)德國(guó)心理學(xué)家的格式塔心理學(xué)原理和英語語言學(xué)家的語篇分析理論等，從語法的句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語法形式和詞法的角度以語篇的形式對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行英語能力的考察。這種命題形式將過去以句子為核心的語法單項(xiàng)選擇變成以語篇為核心的語法填空。這一改變體現(xiàn)了新課改將英語重點(diǎn)由語法知識(shí)到語法技能的轉(zhuǎn)變，以及當(dāng)今高考英語改革的趨勢(shì)：突出語篇，強(qiáng)調(diào)語篇在英語能力和應(yīng)用中的重要性。 命題原則1.短文題材：題材多樣，或體現(xiàn)文

2、化內(nèi)涵、文化交往，或給人以啟迪等。2.短文長(zhǎng)度：約200詞，一般不超過12句話，設(shè)10個(gè)空，句首不設(shè)空。3.短文難度：沒有超出課標(biāo)的生詞，但有課標(biāo)單詞的派生詞，此題考查考生在特定語境中語法的分析和運(yùn)用能力。4.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置：只能填一個(gè)詞的純空格題：設(shè)6-7個(gè)小題；用所給的詞填空題：設(shè)3-4小題。 命題要求1.語法考察：動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語形式）、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。2. 能力考察：1) 的能力2) 的能力3) 的能力4) 能力和 能力等?？键c(diǎn)詳解動(dòng)詞(謂語/非謂語)給出動(dòng)詞的原形，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要給出

3、其適當(dāng)?shù)男问健?. 填動(dòng)詞形式【找謂】依據(jù)“一個(gè)英語句子 謂語動(dòng)詞”確定原句中是否擁有謂語。無謂考慮2態(tài)（ ）；主謂一致；有謂考慮非謂語形式（ ）。2.動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語辨析每年必考的考點(diǎn)，主要從以下幾個(gè)角度來命題：1)習(xí)慣性用法。測(cè)試語境中動(dòng)詞的 ；測(cè)試一些習(xí)慣用語中的動(dòng)詞；測(cè)試一些系動(dòng)詞。2)下列動(dòng)詞組成的短語：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。3)英語詞組的深層含義挖掘、多種含義拓寬也是當(dāng)今考題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。如：go out便可挖掘出以下含義：出去；出國(guó)；發(fā)出去；貼出去；出去參加社交活動(dòng)；離家出去工作；壓塌；（火

4、）熄滅；過時(shí)；死去；消失；辭職；下臺(tái)；結(jié)束；罷工等。（在完形填空中也需多加注意）【例1】Two or three years ago this kind of glasses was a favorite with the children,but now it _ .A. has gone over B. has gone out C. goes by D. is going down【例2】Theyve _ us 150,000 for the house. Shall we take it？A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered【例3】To

5、 everybodys surprise,the fashionable young lady _ to be a thief.A.found out B. proved out C. putout D. turned out1. Ms Chen,_(teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present.（廣州一模）2. I was certain she would like it because I_(tell) by my classmates that s

6、he loved hot food. （廣州一模） 3.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. 4.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that _(encourage) students to study abroad. （茂名二模）5.We must also consider the reaction of the person

7、_(receive) the gift. （廣州一模）6. With the problem_(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(廣州二模)名詞主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞的用法,語境中詞性的判斷，詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。在語法填空題中常出現(xiàn)給一個(gè)提示詞要求用它的正確形式填空。掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1) 掌握名詞 ；與 的關(guān)系。2) 熟悉、區(qū)別 。如：work 工作，不可數(shù)名詞；著作 作品，可數(shù)；工廠 作坊，可數(shù)；工程 工事，可數(shù)。3)掌握名詞 的表示方法和 的用法?！纠?】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mo

8、unt Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space代詞主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)： 和 的用法， 和 。掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1) 指代必須準(zhǔn)確無誤。2) 在使用 、 、 這三類代詞時(shí)，要注意它們?cè)诰渲械娜朔Q、單復(fù)數(shù)及性別與所有格的一致性。3) 疑問代詞的用法。4) it，one，that是高考命題鎖定的三個(gè)代詞。(those)【例5】Which of the three ways shall I take to the village？_ way as you please.A. Each B.

9、Every C. Any D. Either1. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax_. （廣州二模）2.The little boy pulled_right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. 3.Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of_were self-funded s

10、tudents,（茂名二模）形容詞 &副詞主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：形容詞作定語，形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)，詞義比較等。掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1) 形容詞和副詞均屬修飾性詞類，形容詞修飾 ；副詞修飾 。2) 兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較應(yīng)用 ，三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物進(jìn)行比較應(yīng)用 。3) 比較級(jí)的 （much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，數(shù)詞，倍數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)等）。4) 易混副詞的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等?！纠?】What do you t

11、hink of the film we saw last night？I feel _ that the film is well worth seeing once again？A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard冠詞主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)： 、 、 和 。掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1) 定冠詞的用法：特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；世上獨(dú)無二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)；普轉(zhuǎn)專有名，習(xí)語及樂器。2) 零冠詞的幾種情況：下列情況應(yīng)免冠，代詞限定名詞前；專有名詞不可數(shù)，學(xué)科球類三餐飯；復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，兩節(jié)星期月份前；顏色語種和國(guó)名，稱呼習(xí)語及頭銜。3) 不定冠詞的幾種特殊用法：專有名詞前用不定冠

12、詞，表示“像的一個(gè)人或物”。姓名前用不定冠詞，表示“某個(gè)叫的人”，多指不認(rèn)識(shí)的人。用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種、一份、一陣”等。用于某些抽象名詞前，使抽象概念具體化。【例7】Of all the subjects,I like_ history the best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past.A. the；a B. /；a C. a; the D. a; / 1. But my mood quickly changed when I saw_first question. (廣州二模)2. Then

13、I went to the department store and bought her_expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.(廣州一模)3.Tom,_8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop.（深一模）介詞介詞為虛詞，不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，必須同名詞、代詞、短語、句子構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能充當(dāng)句子成分。介詞短語在句中常作表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。介詞像個(gè)“游離體”， 名前動(dòng)后都可以， 一旦組成“某結(jié)構(gòu)”， 句中成份做一做。 謂語動(dòng)詞不及物，介詞拿來用一用。成語、習(xí)語常固定， 應(yīng)用起來有彈性。 1.I was alway

14、s told that the three Ps,were a sure path_ success. (廣州二模)4.He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _ his personal taste. (梅州一模)6.There is no easy way to success_ language learning.連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞)A)引導(dǎo)各種從句的連詞叫 。如what, who, which, when,where, whatever, whoev

15、er, whichever, whether ,how, unless, until B)并列句的各種關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫 。如and, but, or, though, although, so 1. Many things must be considered such as_ the person is interested in and how old he is. （廣州一模）2.My face turned red on hearing_ my mother said. (惠州一模)3. I asked my classmates about her interest_ I made my f

16、inal decision. (廣州一模)4.Tom, an 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop_ sat at a table.(深一模)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 ；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 的用法以“ ”結(jié)構(gòu)等。掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1. May/ might/can/could/must+do表對(duì) 的推測(cè)。2.Must/can/could/may /might（have done）表示對(duì) 的推測(cè)。3.should/ ought to + have done表示對(duì)過去的責(zé)備。4.will, shall表示 。5.could/ might/ should +

17、have done表示虛擬語氣。5. It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework,_ with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home.（深圳羅湖）【例8】Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday？I haven

18、t decided yet. I _ go home,but it depends on the weather.A. must B. need C. may D. will挖掉表示起承轉(zhuǎn)合的副詞或副詞性短語此功能于關(guān)聯(lián)詞相似。只是這種副詞（短語）在用法上更加靈活多變。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。1.This,_, didnt bother me because

19、 maths had always been my strongest subject. 詞形變化或者詞性變化給出單詞的原形，通過句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正確的單詞形式補(bǔ)充完整。這屬于比較基礎(chǔ)的單詞拼寫方面的能力要求。2.Dont always scold and give lots of praise_. （深圳羅湖）1. Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my_(appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (廣州一模)2. _(fortunate), I the

20、n noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. 3.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_(patience). （深一模）特殊句型（或固定短語）考查對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)（短語）的熟悉掌握程度。屬于字詞層面考查語法。4.“Thirty-five cents,” she said_(rude). （深一模）1.It was not long_the waitress came back and then she began to

21、wipe down the table.2._was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG! 3.So careless was I_I had forgotten all about that. （深二模）4."as a matter of_, you have done well and made great achievement(惠州一模)5.When Carettson, 29, a passenger, was trying to bring_Nicole's l

22、ife（汕頭二模）三大從句（n./adj./adv.）定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的 的選擇；非限制性定語從句；由 whose，where，when，that，as和“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”。狀語從句時(shí)間、目的、條件、原因、地點(diǎn)和讓步狀語從句 的使用。名詞性從句名詞性從句主要考查 、 和 。1.The exam,_was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(廣州二模)2.Then I went to the department store_I worked part

23、-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （廣州一模）3.It was a poem about me,_included the time （深二模）4.After the war,a new school building was set up_there has once been a theater.5.Excuse me,but can you tell the way to this small town？It depends on_you go. There are several ways of ge

24、tting there. 倒裝語序、主謂一致關(guān)系、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)及其他主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：倒裝： 強(qiáng)調(diào)： 【例9】I failed in the final examination last term and only then_ the importance of studies.A.I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realized【例10】The teacher,with 6 girls and8 boys of her class,_ visiting a museum when the earthquake str

25、uck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be【看別人的故事，品自己的人生】是蝴蝶,就不怕翅膀上的雨水3歲那年，她的父母離婚了。因?yàn)榧彝サ呢毨?，加上血統(tǒng)的原因，一家人備受歧視。母親帶著她過著四處漂泊的生活，她們因無法支付租金而寄宿在朋友家的地板上。即使是這樣，她卻從未掉過眼淚。因?yàn)槟赣H曾是一名歌劇演唱家，小小年紀(jì)的她受母親影響，4歲時(shí)，就迷戀上了音樂，常常跟在母親身后學(xué)唱歌。上學(xué)后的她，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)并不優(yōu)秀。一次測(cè)試，她的數(shù)學(xué)得了6分，老師當(dāng)著全班同學(xué)的面責(zé)備了她，但她卻理直氣壯地站起來，說：“數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)于我沒用，以后我要當(dāng)歌星?！贝苏Z一出，立刻遭到了同學(xué)們的嘲笑，在同學(xué)的嘲笑聲中，她緊緊地握緊了拳頭。13歲起，她開始了音樂創(chuàng)作，14歲，她找到了幾個(gè)錄音棚，擔(dān)任他們的后備試音歌手。高中畢業(yè)，她不顧家人的反對(duì)，帶著稚嫩的夢(mèng)想，到了紐約。剛到紐約時(shí)，她只能在酒吧里做招待，與人合租狹小