最新非謂語的用法總結(jié)

1、精品文檔非謂語動詞的用法總結(jié)李靖非謂語動詞（不定式、動名詞、分詞）不是真正意義上的謂語動詞，在句中都不能單獨作謂 語。但都具有動詞的某些特點，可以有自己的賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語。不定式表目的， 表將來；動名詞表主動，表進行；過去分詞表被動，表完成。一作主語（動名詞、不定式、過去分詞前面加being,動名詞做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)）1）不定式、動名詞都可做主語，但是動名詞做主語多指抽象的概念性的動作，可以是多次的經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動作，尤其是某一次的動作。如：Playing with fire is dan gerous.玩火危險。（泛指玩火）To play with fire

2、will be dangerous玩火會發(fā)生危險。2）用動名詞做主語的句型：It ' s no use/no /pdeidsure doing sth故沒有用處/好處/樂趣It ' s a waste of time doing做th 浪費時間It is worth doing sth值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收It is worth making an appo in tme nt before you g去之前預約一下是值得的。3）不定式做主語的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比

3、較：表示人的品質(zhì)時只能用 of sb 如 considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wio單詞 出現(xiàn) 時。It is silly of you to say so.It is importa nt for us to lear n En glish well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English la

4、nguage. 4)“Wh- + to不定式”可做主語。女口：When to leavehasri t been decided ye什么時候動身還沒定呢。Whether to drive or take the trains still a problem是 自駕車還是乘火車仍是一個問題。5）一般情況下，不定式和動名詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:Seeing is believi ng.= To see is to belieVI 見為實。Plan ti ng flowers n eeds con sta nt wateri ng.但and連接的多個動名詞作主語，謂語動詞大多用復數(shù)（

5、如果前后動名詞的語義一致, 謂語一般用單數(shù)）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral說謊與盜竊是不道德的。6）動名詞前面可以加上形容詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。女口：What made him an gry?Mary' s /My/His/He/Their/ The boy ' s/ The president'(isartengiiatingry.7)過去分詞不能單獨做主語，前面必須加上 being構(gòu)成動名詞，做主語。如：Being_exposed_to_the_s|unharmful to the skinBeing examined

6、 twice a yeawether it is a car, a bus or a trjck, is the rule that everydriver must obey in this city 經(jīng)典練習：精品文檔精品文檔1. It' s important for the figures(update) regularly.2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times whensitbetter(rema in)sile nt.3. It' s really stupid of you(tell)

7、him the news yesterday so it has been disturbinghim all the time.4. (un dersta nd)your own n eeds and styles of com muni cati on is as importa nt aslear ning to convey your affect ion and emoti ons.5. (worry) about your grades dodsn help.6. The engine just wont start. Someth ing seems(go) wrong with

8、 it.參考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5. worrying 6.to go 改錯題：一個句子最多有一處錯誤1. It's standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid tech ni

9、q ues will help you resp ond quickly to emerge ncies.4. Do well in an in terview will be an importa nt part of gett ing a place at uni versity.5. He told us whether have a pic nic was still un der discussi on.6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.參考答案：1.在 employ 前加 to 2. Hear

10、改為 Hearing3. Know 改為 Knowing4. Do 改為 Doi ng 5. have 前加 to6. preve nt 前加 to.二作定語1) 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、 工具等，不定式后面需要有相應(yīng)的介詞，如：The Brow ns have a comfortable house live in2) 用不定式作定語的幾種情況：a. 不定式表將來如： The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any the only等限定的中心詞，且

11、與中心詞為邏輯 上的主動關(guān)系，女口：He was the best marto do the job.She wasthe first womanto win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名詞的同根詞常跟不定式，因而它們也常跟不定式做定語，常見的有：promise, plan,attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readineSSI don' t trust his

12、 promise to come for a visit.He said he had no pla n to go there.He made an attempt to sta nd up.Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定語：V+ing可以表示正在進行，也可以表示特征；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成或狀態(tài)請 區(qū)別下面短語：the boili ng/ boiled water.正沸騰的水(表正在進行)/白開水(表完成)a good-look ing flower. 一朵好看的花兒(表

13、特征)the develop ing coun tries/ the developed coun trie發(fā)展中國家 /發(fā)達國家精品文檔精品文檔the falli ng leaves / the falle n leave正 在下落的葉子 / 落葉the remaining mon ey/ the money le剩下的錢注意：英語中有些表示感覺的動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示“令人感到.的”，過去分詞形式 表示“感到.的”如:an excit ing voice 一個令人興奮的聲音 an excited voice 一個興奮的聲音a puzzling expression 個令人困惑的表情a p

14、uzzled expression一個困惑的表情4) 區(qū)別下列后置定語的用法：r to be done表示被動、將來；done表示被動、完成；being done表示被動、正在進行；v+ing表示主動；'動詞的系表結(jié)構(gòu)直接去掉動詞be;如果是不及物動詞或者是感官系動詞sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ loo和變化系動詞就只有用V+ing形式。Have you read the noveW ritten by Dicke ns?Liste n! The son gbeing sungs very popular with stude nts.The questiorto

15、 be discussed tomorrow" s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting deliciousells well.注意：不定式在后置定語中只表示將來，不表目的；having dong或者 having been done般用在狀語中，不可以做后置定語，過去分詞本身就表被動和完成。請完成下面的練習1. There are many people(wait) outside the hall.2. There are many problems( rema in) to be solved.3. The flowe

16、rs(smell) sweet attract a lot of people.4. There are many people(in vite) to the party.5. The film,(set) in the lEce ntury, won the medal.6. The meeting(hold)now is of great importa nee.7. The meeting(hold)yesterday was of great importa nee.8. The meeti ng(hold)tomorrow is of great importa nee.9. He

17、 is always the first(come) and the last(leave)10. He is the only pers on(know) the truth.11. He was the best(do) the job.13. A great nu mber of stude nts(questi on) said they were forced to practice the pia no.14. Joh n has really got the job because he showed me the official letter(offer) it to him

18、.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope(provide)16. Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds(stay) away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stanc) in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there

19、was a pile ofmail(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place(leave) on the writi ng cotwhy don' t you give it a try?20. In some Ian guages, 100 words make up half of all words(use) in daily con versati ons.21. Volun teeri ng gives you a cha nee（cha nge） lives, in cludi ng your own.參考答案：1.wai

20、ting 2.remaining3. smelling 4.invited 5. set6.being held 7.held 8. to be held9. to come 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questio ned 14. offeri ng 15. provided 16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. lef20. used 21. to leave 22. to change三.作表語（不定式/動名詞/過去分詞都可以做表語）1. 動名詞作表語表示抽象的概念性的動作，可以是多次的經(jīng)常性的行

21、為；不定式多表示具體 的動作，尤其是某一次的動作 例如：比較下列區(qū)別His favorite sport is swimmi ng.泛指游泳）Your task today is to wash the curtain指一次具體的工作）2 - .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/t感d1! excit in g/disappo in ti ng/frighte nin g/pleas in g/satisfy ing/in teresti ng/puzzli ng/tiri令人He is m

22、oved by the moving movie.The film is movi ng.It is a pleasa nt trip.（pleasa nt 做前置定語）The trip is pleasing/pleasing 做 表語）3. 注意下歹卩表達方式： My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain的表語1）remain to be done仍需去做/有待于 One problemremians to be solved.It remians to be seewhether the

23、 operati on was successful.2）remain做"仍然是”講時，可用名詞，adj,介詞，現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞作表語He remained stuck 滯留）abroadPeter became a man ager, but Jaemained a worker.Whatever achievements you' ve made, yemahouihobdest.無論你取得多么大的成就，你都該保持謙虛。He had toremain in hospitau ntil he was better 他不得不一直住院直到身體好些。This solid st

24、one square tower haptemained standingor one thousand years.The guests came in, but shemained sitting/seateat the desk readi n 客人們都來了，但她還 坐在寫字臺旁讀書。As before, heremained unmoved 他和以往一樣無動于衷。注意：1）用作不及物動詞，意思是 剩下；剩余；遺留”，此時不能用進行時態(tài)，也沒有被 動語態(tài)。After the fire, very little rema in ed of his house火 災過后，他的家所剩無幾。2）

25、remaining是形容詞，意為 剩余的"，常作前置定語；而left則只能作后置定語。例如: There are still some apples lefts 剩余一些蘋果。I bought a gift for her with the remai ning mon ey我 用剩余的錢給她買了一件禮物。3）remain作名詞時表示 剩余物” 一般用其復數(shù)形式。例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dyn 考古學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些宋 代遺跡。5. 1）主語+ seem +（to be ）+表語，表語多為名詞或形容詞精品文檔

26、精品文檔Tom seems （to be ） a very clever bo湯姆看上去是一個非常聰明的男孩。The man over there seems to be a new teac那邊的那個人看上去像一個新老2）主語 + seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn ' t s或©seems not ） to like the ide格林夫人似乎不太喜歡這個主意。 The childre n seemed to be eat ing someth ing in the roc孩子 們好像正在房間里吃

27、東西呢。 The young man seemed to have cha nged mu這個年輕人看起來變化很大。6. 當不定式用作表語時，其中的to原則上是不能省略的。如：His aim is to do two years' 他的目標標是一年干兩年的工作。但有一種例外，那就是當主語部分有動詞do的某種形式時，用作表語的不定式可以省略to。如：What you first do is （to） mix the egg with flour你先得把雞蛋和面粉和好。All I did was （to） touch the wi ndow, and it broke我 只不過碰了一下窗戶

28、，玻璃就碎了 經(jīng)典練習1. My worry is your（rely） too much on your pare nts.2. Please rema in（seat）; the winner of the prize will be announ ced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important instaying（ connect）答案：1.re lying2.seated 3.c onn ected四.作賓語（不定式和動名詞都可以作

29、賓語）1. 只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞和短語考慮、建議和原諒，承認、推遲沒得想像避免、繼續(xù)練，否認完成停感謝不禁止介意準逃亡consider（考慮）；advise/suggest/propose/recomme建議）；excuse/pardoi原諒）； admit/acknowledge承認）；delay/postpone/put o推遲）;imagine/fancy想像）；avoid （避免）； practise （練習）；deny（否認）;finish（完成）;appreciate/acknowledg感謝）;forbid 禁止）;mind（介 意）;escape逃 脫）；此外，這些動詞也跟

30、動名詞：miss（錯過）；enjoy（享受）；risk冒險）；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with（容忍）；quit（停止）advocate提倡）；resist （抵制）understand理解）；allow/permit允 許）短語：feel like doing st（喜歡做某事；give up doing放棄做某事）;keep doing不停的做某事）;be busy doing sth pan' t hedging sth （情不自禁）；be worth doing sth值得做某事）；have difficulty/trouble doing sth

31、（.有困難 /麻煩）;have a hard/good time doing s 做.很開心 / 不開心;have fun doing sth 做.很開心 succeed in doing st成功做某事句型：It is no use/good /pleasure doing 做 h.沒有用處 / 好處 / 樂趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do s沒必要做某事It' s a waste of time doing s做 .浪費時間精品文檔It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = b

32、e worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作賓語的動詞決心學會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,（afford, strive, happen, wait, threa訣之外的單詞）She prete nd

33、ed not to see me whe n I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hfeturned up yet.3. forget go on mean, regret, remember, stop, try等動詞或詞組可帶動名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。forget to do sthforget doing sthgo on to do sthgo on doing sthmean to do sthmean doing sthregret to say/tell/inform/announceregret doi

34、ng sth/having doneremember to do sthremember doing sthstop to do sthstop doing sthtry to do sthtry doing sthcan'thelp （to） do sth'help doing sthcan'thelp but do sth =ca'but do sthsb used to do sthsb be used to doing sthsth be used to do sthbe afraid to do stl不 敢做某事 be afraid of doing

35、 st擔心發(fā)生某事be sure to do st一 定會.be sure of doing st!信會.Let ' s go on studying Lesson（讓我們繼續(xù)學第六課。說明前面已學了一部分。） Let ' s go on to study Lesson6讓我們接著學第六課。說明前面已學了第五課。）I remember doing the exercise.（我記得做過練習。）I must remember to do it.（我必須記著做這事。）I tried not to go there.（我設(shè)法不去那里。）I tried doing it again.（

36、我試著又干了一次。）Stop speaking.（不要講話。）He stopped to talk.（他停下來講話。）I mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些來。）Miss ing the train means wait ing for ano ther hour誤 了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時）4. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作 賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語：allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sthallow/advise/for

37、bid/permit doing sthWe don ' t allow smoking here.We don ' t allow students to smoke.精品文檔精品文檔動詞need require, want作“需要”解，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作 賓語表示事情需要做，這時，動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。be worth后必須用動名詞的主動 形式來表示被動意義。Sth |need/ want/require doing / to be done需要 .Sth be worth doing 值得. deserve to be done/ doi

38、ng.值得 .The wi ndow n eeds/requires/wa nts clea nin g/to be clea ned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve con sideri ng/ to be con side這些建議應(yīng)該被考慮。5. to為介詞的短語devote on eself/ on' time to 把巴貢獻給.）; look forward to 期望）;pay atte nti on to 注 意）; attach importanee to 重視）;be used/accustomed

39、t習慣于做某事）;when it comes to 當談至U做某事）;get down to（著手）; prefer doing sth to doing sth喜歡而不喜歡；turn to doing sth轉(zhuǎn)向）;thanks to 多 虧）；lead to 導致）;the key to doing sth （做某事的關(guān)鍵）;object to/be opposed t反對）;contribute to （有助于）;be addicted to doing st沉湎于；對.上癮）;make contributions to對做出貢獻）; due to （由于）；apply oneself

40、to致力于）;stick to （堅持）；come close to（接近于）等后的 動詞也必須用動名詞形式，例如：I look forward to heari ng from you soon.6. 不定式做動詞（詞組）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的賓語時，前面常常帶引導詞 how, what, whether, where, when, who等，但是 why后加不帶 to 的不定式。He showed us how to do

41、 the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don know what to do= I don ' t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or gWe must decide whether we ' ll stay or go. Can you tell me why do it?7在love, hate, prefer, like等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。有時用動名詞作賓語時， 指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語時指某一具體行為。I lo

42、ve swimmi ng. I love to swim today.8. start, begin, continue在書面語中多后接動名詞，在口語中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is begi nning to cook dinn er. I bega n to un dersta nd what he mea nt.典型例題1. David threate ned（report） his n eighbor to the police if the damages were n ot paid.2. He chose（keep） sile nt whe n

43、asked why.3. He volun teered（help） the victims in the earthquake.4. When ever you are in trouble, don' t hesitate（ask） me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildi ngs in the area n eed（repair）.6. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We don ' t allow（smoke） here.7. I hear the

44、y ' ve promoted Tom, but he didn' t mention（promote） when we talked on the8. Bill suggested（hold） a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciate（have） time to holiday with you on this nice isla nd.10. I can hardly imagine her (marry) such a men as Le

45、e.11. It ' s quite hot today. Do you feel lik_e_(_g_o) for a swim?12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognize).13. They are quiet, aren't they? Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800

46、 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered

47、 to be very rich.21. Don ' t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We ' ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achievesuthcecefisnsa.l24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently

48、tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. L

49、ydia doesn ' t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried (persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32.

50、I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I ' m afraid I can ' t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn ' t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I ' m sorry. I didn'

51、 t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finisfed Exercise I, let' s go on to Ho Exercise38. I couldn ' t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The comp

52、etitor never dreamed of there (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister (win) the contest?43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn ' t mindohkesrtabkoen away and used by other students.45. I insist on Ma

53、ry go there.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：1. to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8.holding 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.ta改為 taking 14正確 15.turn改為 turning 16.caught 前

54、加 being 17正確 18.正確 19.changec改為 changing 20正確 21.正確 22正確 23正確 24.correct 改為 correcting 25.attecke前力口 being 26.having改為 being 27.spea改為 speaking 28.stud改為 studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 正確 32.taken前加 being 33正確 34.painting改為 paint 35去 掉 to 36正確 37正確 38.admiring 39正確 40.paid前加 being 41.being 42.

55、winning 43改為 my 或me 44.taken前加 being 45.go改為 going,或去掉 on 46.was改為 being 47.know改為 knowing 五作狀語不定式分詞作狀語時，不定式、分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，不定式表示目的，動名詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。（一）不定式作狀語1. 不定式作目的狀語In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to只能放于句中，in order to和so as to放 于句中時，不能用逗號隔開。To catch the early bus/I n order to catch the earl

56、y bus, he gets up early.=He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took dow n my teleph one nu mber so as / in order not to forget it.=In order not to forget it, Bob took dow n my teleph one nu mber.2. 不定式作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth;e nough to do sth; too - .to

57、; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的結(jié)果。I m not so stupid as to write it down.=h not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever eno ugh to be fit for the job.J ane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone. 比較：He died, leaving only debts動名詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果）I'm too tired to stay up Ion ger.注意：onl

58、y tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中，并非是"太.而不能."之意，而表示"非常.”這樣搭配的形容詞有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happ等。I'm only too glad to have passed the exam試及格了，我非常高興。I'm too willi ng to help you.3. 不定式作原因狀語當這些形容詞 light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible,in teresti ng nice等出現(xiàn)時要用主動表被動。This ques