高考語法填空知識點總結(jié)(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 語法填空命題特點 短文材料：課標(biāo)卷I都是記敘文或夾敘夾議的文章，題材內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)正能量。但2015年課標(biāo)卷II是說明文。 短文長度：大約是200個詞。 必考點是：連詞、謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。 ?？键c是：冠詞、介詞、代詞、比較級。 ?？脊潭ù钆洌喝珖n標(biāo)卷和原廣東卷考過的固定搭配有(黑體部分是要求考生填的詞)：全國卷At the same time(2015,課標(biāo)II), It takes time to do sth. (課標(biāo)I), refuse to do sth. (課標(biāo)I), keep doing(課標(biāo)II), next to(課標(biāo)II) 廣東卷neit

2、hernor (2013), notbut (2014), Why not do sth.? (2013), have a conversation (2011), a small amount of (2013), on sale (2009), at table (2009), at a price (2013), be tired from (2008), show respect for (2013), charge () for (2014)備考指南一是掌握基礎(chǔ)語法：切實掌握每個項目中的基本用法，不淡化，但也不必深化。千萬注意語法不要過細(xì)、過繁、過多、過難，不要將簡單語法復(fù)雜化，而應(yīng)

3、想方設(shè)法使復(fù)雜的語法簡單化，讓語法變得更簡、更易、更有趣。二是熟悉考點語法：語法填空的考點與短文改錯的考點基本相同，具體有以下十大考點：考點1：名詞 弄清數(shù)與格。即名詞是否該用復(fù)數(shù)，是否要用所有格。例1We were poor in those _ (day). 分析因day是可數(shù)名詞，受those修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，故填days。例2 Its about an _ (hour) drive from here. 分析句意是“離這里大約有一個小時的車程”，“一個小時的”用所有格，故填hours?？键c2：代詞 指代對象(通常是前面出現(xiàn)的名詞或整句)，是人還是事物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，是作主語

4、還是作賓語。例1 The manager was about to leave when his secretary called _ back.分析作called的賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；指代誰？指代The manager，是人; 由his可知, 這個經(jīng)理是男的，是一個人，單數(shù)，且是作賓語，故填him。 如是物主代詞(表示某人的)，作主語、賓語或表語用名詞性物主代詞，在名詞前作定語只能用形容詞性物主代詞。例2Tom, a friend of _ (I), is our monitor.分析 指“我的朋友”中的一個，表示“我的朋友(my friend)”，相當(dāng)于“一個形容詞性物主代詞+一個名詞”的意義

5、，用名詞性物主代詞，作介詞of的賓語，故填mine。 反身代詞反指誰，它通常作主語和賓語的同位語，這時應(yīng)與主語或賓語一致；也可作某些動詞或介詞的賓語，這時需與主語一致。例3 The children amused _ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games.分析缺賓語，應(yīng)填代詞；這些孩子拿誰取樂，應(yīng)是“自娛自樂，游玩(amuse oneself)”，與主語The children一致，故填themselves。類似的短語還有enjoy oneself (玩得開心), teach oneself(自學(xué)), adapt oneself (適應(yīng)), dress o

6、neself(自己穿衣), devote oneself to(致力于), by oneself(單獨地)等?？键c3：冠詞 不定冠詞表示泛指，可譯作“一個/本/座/”等；定冠詞表示特指，相當(dāng)于“這，這些，那，那些”。另外，搞清特指上文出現(xiàn)的或談話雙方心目中都知道的人或事物用the，以及在序數(shù)詞前、最高級前、獨一無二的事物名詞之前，用the。如：例1It was _ third time I had been there.分析在序數(shù)詞前要用the。 例2 This is _ most boring film Ive ever seen.分析 在最高級前要用the。例3 He is _ hones

7、t businessman, according to what everyone says.分析 可譯作：根據(jù)大家的評說，他是一個誠實的商人。表示“一個”，用不定冠詞，honest的讀音以元音音素開頭，故填an?？键c4：連詞 并列連詞。連接兩個或幾個詞、短語或句子的并列連詞有and, or, but, neithernor, eitheror, whetheror等。例1 As a citizen, you must obey the law _ you will be punished. 分析 前后是兩個句子，應(yīng)填連詞；根據(jù)句意可知填or，表示“否則”。例2 He likes cats _

8、 dislikes dogs.分析 因likes cats與dislikes dogs是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。 從句連詞。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞或連接副詞(有意思，并在從句中作句子成分)，以及that(不作任何句子成句，沒有任何意義), 和表示“是否”的whether/if。其中要特別注意連接代詞what的意義和用法。例3 He came to me in the belief _ I could help him.分析空格后面的句子是belief的同位語，從句內(nèi)容完整，也不缺少任何句子成分，故填that。例4 Owing to lack of time, we cannot do mor

9、e than _ we have done.分析在賓語從句中作have done的賓語，相當(dāng)于the thing that，“所的事”，用連接代詞what。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。注意關(guān)系詞是代表先行詞并在定語從句中作句子成分的。例5I met someone _ said he knew you.分析引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞；先行詞是人，故填who。例6 Li Ming won first prize in the competition, _ made his father pleased.分析引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞；先行詞是“李明在這次比賽中

10、得了第一名”這回事，故填which。 引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞。例7 We camped there _ it was too dark to go on.分析因“天太黑不能繼續(xù)走了”是“我們在那里宿營”的原因，故填because。例8 Such things, _ you like it or not, do happen from time to time.分析由句意“不管你喜歡不喜歡，這樣的事的確時有發(fā)生”及or可知，填whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。whether or 不管還是考點5：介詞 主要是at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from,

11、as, after, before, behind等表示時間、地點、原因等的介詞以及習(xí)慣用語中的介詞。例1 I am grateful to you _ helping me.分析 因為某事感謝某人，用for表示感謝的原因。例2_ time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health. 分析表示“隨著”用介詞With。With time going by =As time goes by隨著時間的流逝。考點6：助動詞 構(gòu)成行為動詞一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的疑問句和否定句的do, does, did。例1 How much _ he

12、 charge you for repairing the bicycle just now? 分析這是疑問句，由just now可知，是一般過去時，填助動詞did。 強調(diào)行為動詞一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的謂語動詞的do, does, did。例2To tell you the truth, Tom _ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said sorry to me.分析與yesterday連用，謂語動詞本應(yīng)用一般過去時，但take卻用了原形，可見其前面應(yīng)當(dāng)有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞；根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是表達(dá)“的確錯拿了我的鋼筆”，強調(diào)謂語動詞，又

13、是一般過去時，用did。 構(gòu)成部分倒裝的do, does, did。例3 Not only _ he do well in his study, but also he is always ready to help others. 分析 not onlybut also連接兩個句子時，前一個句子要用部分倒裝；主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞卻用了原形do，可見前面應(yīng)有助動詞does, did；由后句的is可知，是一般現(xiàn)在時，故填does。 常用情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。例4I _ have gone to the school library, but it rained heavily, so I di

14、d not.分析表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，但事實上卻沒有做”，用should have done sth. 表示，故填should?？键c7：謂語動詞 謂語動詞主要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。從歷年廣東卷和全國卷來看，考得最多的是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，且只需看看上下文中謂語動詞是用什么時態(tài)，跟著用什么時態(tài)就行了，十分簡單。例1He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called分析在主語人稱代詞he后作謂語，是謂語動詞

15、；因he與find是主動關(guān)系，用主動語態(tài)，由上下文的時態(tài)可知，用一般過去時，故填found。例2Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week分析由tell sb. sth. 可知，用被動語態(tài)，表示我們“被告知” ; 又由上下文的時態(tài)(如went, said)可知，用一般過去時，故填we

16、re told。例3He suddenly appeared in class one day He walked in as if he _ (buy) the schoolhe was from New York City.分析由as if(好像)可知，可能用虛擬語氣；由語境可知，他是新來的同學(xué)，不可能是買下了學(xué)校，故用虛擬語氣；這是敘述過去的事，與過去事實相反，用過去完成時，故填had bought?？键c8：非謂語動詞 動詞是作謂語用的，當(dāng)動詞不是作謂語時，而是作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語時，該動詞就要用非謂語形式：to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), don

17、e(即-ed形式)。 根據(jù)三種形式的不同用法，以及非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系等來確定具體用哪種形式。例1Sue got home, _ (feel) very tired.分析因已有謂語動詞got，而feel前又沒有并列連詞，所以feel是非謂語動詞；又因Sue與feel是主動關(guān)系，故填feeling，分詞短語作伴隨狀語。例2_(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old.分析句中已有謂語動詞is，所以build是非謂語動詞；又因the bridge與build是被動關(guān)系，故填Built。例3It has been his dream _

18、 (travel) round the world.分析It是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式，故填to travel。例4_ (collect) stamps seems to be his main hobby.分析因seems to be是謂語了，collect應(yīng)為非謂語；由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,填Collecting，動名詞短語作主語，當(dāng)然填To collect也是正確的。例5I didnt talk much to the man _ (sit) next to me.分析因句中已有謂語動詞didnt talk，所以sit應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；又因the man與sit是主動關(guān)系，故填sitti

19、ng,分詞短語作定語。例6She avoided _ (answer) the teachers questions.解析在avoid后只能接動詞的-ing形式作賓語，故填answering。順便提提，一定要牢記: 只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的常用動詞, 如finish, enjoy, consider, advise, suggest, feel like, cant help等; 只能接to do作賓語的動詞, 如plan, want, wish, hope, would like, refuse等; 接to do與doing意思有差別的動詞,如forget, remember, reg

20、ret等； look forward to, devote oneself to等to是介詞的短語動詞。考點9：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 要求考生搞清楚，什么詞類在句中作什么成分，或什么成分用什么詞類的詞來充當(dāng)。復(fù)習(xí)要點主要有： 作主語、賓語、表語，用名詞。亦即，名詞就是在句中作主語、賓語、表語的。例1Several children are away from school because of _ (ill). 分析作介詞because of的賓語，要用名詞，故填illness。 作定語、補語、表語，用形容詞。亦即，形容詞在句中是作定語、補語、表語的。例2 This is the only referen

21、ce book that I find _(use).分析that I find useful是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that代表先行詞the book，在定語從句中作find的賓語，所以要填的詞是作賓補的，故填形容詞形式useful。 作狀語，用副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或修飾全句。亦即，副詞就是用來作狀語的。例3I arrived late but _ (luck), the meeting had been delayed.分析修飾后面整個分句，作狀語，填副詞luckily。考點10：比較等級 有than的前面要用比較級；有in, of, I have ever seen等表示比較范圍

22、的用最高級；根據(jù)語境理解隱形的比較級。例1It takes _ (little) time to go there by plane than by train.分析由than可知，要用比較級，故填less。例2My pronunciation is poor. His is even _ (bad).分析由even(更)可知用比較級，相當(dāng)于后面省略了than mine，故填worse。例3Hainan is Chinas second _ (large) island.解析表示“第幾大/長”，用“序數(shù)詞+最高級”表示，故填largest。例4Mr. Li, our English teach

23、er, is one of the _ (nice) people I know.解析有定語從句I know 表示比較范圍，用最高級，故填nicest。此外，作形式主語和形式賓語的it，構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型的it, that都是很可能要考的，同學(xué)們務(wù)必要注意。例1I find _ interesting to learning English.解析填it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式。例2It is because he has been working hard _ he has made such great progress.解析填that，與前面的It is構(gòu)成強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。解題指導(dǎo)了解語法

24、填空的考點和考法對解題非常有用。具體步驟大致為： 略讀全文抓大意。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)所填詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成分確定要填哪類詞，即從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去思考該填哪類詞。 根據(jù)句子意思的完整性去思考具體填哪個詞。 根據(jù)前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定填適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞或從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 先易后難，等容易的做好后再考慮難題。做完后再通讀一遍，認(rèn)真檢查。真題再練1. 2015 課標(biāo)卷I Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 61 _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few h

25、ours 62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 _(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 _ (pa

26、inting). Instead, Id head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away 66 _car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 _ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 dest

27、inations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 _ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 _(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.本文作者記敘從香港來到桂林陽朔旅游的日記。61. arrived 當(dāng)一個動作正在發(fā)生

28、時突然又發(fā)生另外一事，when (=and just at that time)后的謂語動詞用一般過去時。62. before 上文“現(xiàn)在來到了陽朔” 后文“我還在香港的家里”，可見是“幾個小時之前”。63. its 指“香港的”令人窒息的煙霧。64. which/that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是mountain tops and dark waters。65. paintings 因受many修飾，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。66. by 指開車一個小時的路程。67. is 指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài)。68. conducted 由conduct a study /survey (進(jìn)行研究/調(diào)查)可知，

29、a study與conduct是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞短語作后置定語。69. regularly 修飾動詞arranges作狀語，用副詞。70. living 因people與live是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。2. 2015 課標(biāo)卷 II The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61 _ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 _ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their

30、simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 _(able) to “air condition” a house without 64 _ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 _(slow) during cool nights, thus warning the house. When a new day bre

31、aks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 _(cool) the house during the hot day. 67 _ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68 _(go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the

32、outside temperatures. As 69 _(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.本文介紹了美國西南部的普韋布洛印第安人的土坯房。61. built 因The adobe dwellings與build是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞短語作后置定語。62. the 由常修飾最高級的even與后面的most modern可知，這是最高級，其前面通常用the。63

33、. ability 因在形容詞性物主代詞后必定用名詞。64. using 動詞在介詞后要用動名詞形式。65. slowly 修飾動詞give out，用副詞。66. to cool 在形容詞后作狀語，要用不定式。67. At 因at the same time是固定詞組。68. goes 從上下句中的謂語動詞warm來看，用一般現(xiàn)在時。69. natural 在名詞前作定語要用形容詞。70. how 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。1. 2014 課標(biāo)卷樣題 修改前有閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(注：括號中的“不多于3個單

34、詞”在2015年的考綱中已改為“1個單詞”，事實上，2014的高考真題，純空格題的正確答案也都只有一個英語單詞；2015年的考綱樣題已將對話改為了短文)Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?Mum: Im not sure what 1 _ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 _ I went to answer the phone. But so

35、meone must have taken them because theyre 3_ (go).Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 _ (early).Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5 _ (make) them, so he couldnt have done it. 6 _ , he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis

36、stuff, so Im sure 7 _ wasnt him.Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 _ fridge?Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 _ (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 _. Now, why

37、did I put on my coat? 這是Alan與母親的一段對話，談話內(nèi)容是母親做的三明治在她去接電話時不見了，后來Alan發(fā)現(xiàn)在冰箱里。1. happened 在賓語從句中，what是主語，happen應(yīng)為謂語動詞，要考慮其時態(tài)；從下文made, left, went, must have taken(一定已拿走)等可知，用一般過去時。 2. when 前后是句子，應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；由句意與邏輯可知，應(yīng)填表示“當(dāng)時”的when。 3. gone 作表語用形容詞，表示“不見了”，故填gone。 4. earlier 意為比現(xiàn)在(對話當(dāng)時)更早的時候，故用比較級。 5. making 表示“做

38、完”是finish doing，故填making。6. Anyway 因前后都有標(biāo)點，可知填副詞；根據(jù)文后邏輯，應(yīng)為“無論如何，不管怎么說(anyway)”。7. it 表示猜測中的人或不確定的人，用it。 8. the 指說話人和聽話人心目中都知道的“那個”冰箱，故填the。 9. must have put 從語境中可知，意思是“我一定是在電話鈴響時把它們放進(jìn)那里了”，對過去情況的推測，表示“一定已經(jīng)”，用“must have done”。 10. mind /memory 從上文內(nèi)容可知，意為“天啦！我真的失去記憶力了?！?特別提醒：此題與語法無關(guān)，屬完形填空的考點，可能是當(dāng)時命題者考慮

39、不成熟所致)3. 2014 課標(biāo)卷I Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 1 _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 _ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years

40、later, this river is one of 3 _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days 4 _even a few months. It took years of work 5 _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 _(

41、clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 7 _ _ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immed

42、iately? While there are 8 _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 _(patience).凱霍加河的河水1969年還沾得可以著火，但通過幾年治理，河水變得清澈，成為治理環(huán)境的最突出的例子之一。作者以此為例說明，看似不可能處理的情況其實也是可能的，只是一定要有耐心。1.

43、 was 指1969年的情況，用一般過去時；上下句的時態(tài)也有提示作用。2. actually 修飾謂語動詞caught，作狀語，用副詞。3. the 構(gòu)成最高級。4. or 起并列作用，表示“或者”。5. to reduce 是it takes time to do sth.句型，不定式作真正的主語。6. cleaner 作表語，依然用形容詞；由than可知，要用比較級。7. that /which 引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語，先行詞是a habit。8. amazing 在名詞stories前作定語，要用形容詞；由句意可知，需要填表示“驚人的”amazing。9. changes 作主語或

44、冠詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，change除作動詞外也可作名詞；由緊接著的are可知，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10. patient 在系動詞be后作表語，要用形容詞。4. 2014 課標(biāo)卷II One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 _ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 _ some of them looked very anxious and 3 _ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 _ the