動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語

1、 龍文教育·重慶分公司 Long Wen Education Technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd龍文學(xué)校個(gè)性化輔導(dǎo)教案提綱學(xué)生: 日期: 時(shí)段: 教師:陳俊超 課 題學(xué)情分析上次課反 思本次課分 析教學(xué)目標(biāo)與考點(diǎn)分析教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難 點(diǎn) 教學(xué)過程3、 本次課后作業(yè)：4、 學(xué)生對(duì)于本次課的評(píng)價(jià)： 特別滿意 滿意 一般 差 學(xué)生簽字： 五、教師評(píng)定： 1、 學(xué)生上次作業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)： 非常好 好 一般 需要優(yōu)化2、 學(xué)生本次上課情況評(píng)價(jià)：非常好 好 一般 需要優(yōu)化 教師簽字： 教務(wù)主任簽字： 龍文教育學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案學(xué)生: 日期: 時(shí)段: 教師: 課 題學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與過程第26講動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞

2、短語【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】1I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?Yes，you _AcanBmust Ccould Dshould2Mum，what are you cooking？It _ so sweet.Atastes Bfeels Csounds Dsmells3As time _，you'll come to think of English as your friend and love it.Agoes by Bruns out Ctakes off Dturns up4Rose finished her study

3、in the university and went to _ a good job.Atake after Blook after Ccare for Dsearch for5I will meet Jane at the station.Please _ what time she will arrive.Acount Bchoose Ccheck Dcatch6It is helpful to _ a good habit of reading in language learning.Atake Bshow Cdevelop Dmatch7The people in Ya'an

4、 have met lots of difficulties，but they haven't _ hope.Apicked up Bgiven up Clooked for Dwaited for8You _ drive your car so fast.It's very dangerous.Awouldn't Bshouldn't Ccouldn't Dmightn't9To protect the environment，supermarkets don't _ free plastic bags for shoppers.Ata

5、ke Bshow Cprovide Dcarry10There's enough time for you to go to the airport.You _ hurry now.Ashould Bneedn't Cmust Dcan't11Smoking is bad for your health.You're right.I decide to _Atake it down Bfind it out Cturn it off Dgive it up【考點(diǎn)梳理】從以上考題可以看出，中考近五年來對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查力度一直很大，并一直是考查的重點(diǎn)，特別是行為動(dòng)詞的辨

6、析、連系動(dòng)詞的辨析，幾乎每年都會(huì)涉及。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語是每年的必備考點(diǎn)，因此在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，考生要重點(diǎn)從行為動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞幾個(gè)方面著手，同時(shí)兼顧助動(dòng)詞的用法。大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。1第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后要加­s或­es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同。規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式及讀音一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加­s(­s在清輔音后讀/s/，­s在濁輔音后讀/z/)workgrowworks/s/grows/z/以s，x，sh，

7、ch或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加­es(­es讀/iz/，o后的­es讀/z/)guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/iz/mixes/iz/finishes/iz/catches/iz/goes/z/以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加­s(­s讀/z/或/s/)writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加­es(­ies讀/iz/)studycarrystudies/iz/carries/iz/以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加­s(­s讀/z/)plays

8、ayplays/z/says/z/不規(guī)則變化的有havehas等。2現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動(dòng)詞后加­inghelpworkhelpingworking以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e再加­ingwritemovewritingmoving以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加­ingplaystudyplayingstudying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加­inggetbegingettingbeginning以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為y，再加­ingliedielyingdying3.過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)

9、成規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形過去式，過去分詞及其讀音一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加­ed(在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音后讀d，在t和d后讀/id/)askanswerwantneedasked­asked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/id/neededneeded/id/以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加­d(讀/d/)lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/d/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加­ed(讀/d/)trystudytriedtried/d/studiedstudied/d/以元音字母

10、加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加­ed(讀/d/)playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加­ed(在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音后讀/d/，在t和d后讀/id/)stopplanstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/不規(guī)則變化需單獨(dú)記憶。高頻考向一實(shí)義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：本身有詞義，能獨(dú)立作謂語，根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語，可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞后面要跟賓語才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三種句型中：動(dòng)詞賓語如：I bo

11、ught some books yesterday.我昨天買了一些書。(bought后有賓語books，為及物動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語2不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞本身有完整的意思，后不需接賓語。如：He always studies hard。他一直努力學(xué)習(xí)。(study后無賓語，為不及物動(dòng)詞)若不及物動(dòng)詞需要帶賓語，其后需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，才可以跟賓語。有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物動(dòng)詞)She sang an English song just now.她剛才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物動(dòng)詞)【例

12、1】I've left my keys in the meeting room.Please _ them for me.All right.(2013，紹興)Abuy Bpaint Cwash Dfetch【例2】How's Bob now?I hear the company_him a very good job，but he turned it down.(2014，武漢)Adonated Bserved Coffered Dintroduced【例3】He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didn't_him at

13、 first.(2014，天津)Aadvise Bpromise Crecognise Dhear高頻考向二系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞的用法1系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。用來表示主語狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或態(tài)度的系動(dòng)詞有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook，seem，appear等；表示人的感覺的系動(dòng)詞有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表變化的系動(dòng)詞有become，get，grow，turn等。2助動(dòng)詞本身無意義或意義不完整，不能獨(dú)立用作謂語。它須與別的動(dòng)詞連

14、用，幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句和疑問句等。常用助動(dòng)詞有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等?！纠?】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it_very sour.(2014，寧波)Atastes Blooks Cfeels Dsounds【例5】Do you like watching TV?No，but my brother_Adoes Bdo Cis Dlikes高頻考向三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度和語氣。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和

15、數(shù)的變化。1can(could)表能力，could為can的過去時(shí)。can與be able to的意義基本相同。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，而be able to能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。表可能性。表許可?？谡Z中可代替may。can't表有把握的否定判斷，意為“不可能”。could在口語中，常代替can來向?qū)Ψ奖容^委婉客氣地提出請(qǐng)求或表示看法。此時(shí)could不表示過去時(shí)。2may(might)用來征求對(duì)方意見，意為“可以”?？谡Z性較強(qiáng)。might可以指過去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語氣更委婉。表猜測(cè)和對(duì)可能性的判斷，意為“可能；也許”。might可以指過去時(shí)間；也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語氣更加不肯定

16、。3must表說話人的主觀意志，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。無時(shí)態(tài)變化。其否定答語常用needn't或don't have to，意為“不必”。注：have to意為“不得不；必須”，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)受到外界客觀因素的迫使。它可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，且有人稱和數(shù)的變化。must的否定形式為mustn't，意為“不許；一定不要”，表示禁止和告誡。表示對(duì)事物的推測(cè)，意為“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的語氣要肯定得多。4would作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，無人稱限制，表意愿，常與like，love連用。5should表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”(某件事宜于做)，用于各種人稱。表推測(cè)，意為“想必一定；照說應(yīng)該；

17、估計(jì)”等?！纠?】Are you in a hurry?No，I've got plenty of time.I_wait.(2014，鹽城)Acan Bcan't Cmust Dmustn't【例7】May I play computer games now，Mom?No，you_finish your homework first.(2013，臨沂)Amust Bcan Ccould Dmay【例8】Must we clean the room at once?No，you _You can do it after school.(2014，廣安)Amustn

18、9;t Bneedn't Ccan't【例9】Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?It_be her.She is giving a performance at the theater now.(2013，廣東)Amay Bmust Ccan't Dmustn't高頻考向四動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞短語指動(dòng)詞跟一個(gè)或兩個(gè)介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的固定短語。其意義與原來動(dòng)詞的意思不同。1動(dòng)詞短語的分類：動(dòng)詞介詞arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh a

19、t，look for，send for，wait for及物動(dòng)詞副詞find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脫下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over不及物動(dòng)詞副詞get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飛)動(dòng)詞副詞介詞get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to動(dòng)詞名詞介詞take part in，make fr

20、iends with，take care ofbe形容詞介詞be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2初中階段常用短語如下：look短語look for尋找；look after照顧；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看著；look up抬頭看，查找；look into 調(diào)查；look out當(dāng)心；look like看起來像；look the same看起來一樣；look through瀏覽put短語put off推遲；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把暫時(shí)收起來；

21、put out撲滅；put down寫下；put back放回；put up 舉起，建造，張貼turn短語turn on打開；turn off關(guān)掉；turn up把音量開大一點(diǎn)；turn down把音量開小一點(diǎn)；turn to朝向；turn into變成；turn over翻開，翻轉(zhuǎn)；turninto把變成get短語get on/along(well)with與某人相處(融洽)；get up起床；get on上車(船、飛機(jī)、馬)；get off下車(船、飛機(jī)、馬)；get back回去；get back to回到；get away離開，逃脫；get down下來；get home到家；get

22、into進(jìn)入，陷入；get out(of)(從)出去；get to到達(dá)；get together聚會(huì)take短語take off(飛機(jī))起飛，脫掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上當(dāng)；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇傭，呈現(xiàn)；take down取下；take up占據(jù)時(shí)間、空間，開始從事，拿起agree短語agree with同意某人的(意見、想法、分析、解釋)；agree to同意(計(jì)劃、辦法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事go短語go over溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hu

23、nting/camping去游泳/溜冰/購(gòu)物/跳舞/釣魚/打獵/野營(yíng)；go into走進(jìn)；go out出去，熄滅；go away走開；go back回去，回顧；go up上升，攀登；go by時(shí)間流逝，從旁經(jīng)過；go down下降，下沉；go for為而去；go on繼續(xù)；go through經(jīng)歷；go to school/work去上學(xué)/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看醫(yī)生come短語come along一道來；come in進(jìn)來；come into進(jìn)入；come out出來，出版；come down下來；come from來自；come back回來；come

24、across偶然遇到；come over過來；come home回家；come into use開始使用；come on快，得啦，跟著來，加油give短語give up放棄；give off放出、發(fā)出(氣體、氣味、煙霧、光、水、熱等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗盡、用完；give away泄露，贈(zèng)送；give in屈服，讓步，投降make短語make a decision作出決定；make sb.do sth.讓某人做某事；make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤；make progress取得進(jìn)步；make friends with與交朋友；make up編造，虛構(gòu)，打扮，構(gòu)成，組成；ma

25、ke a face做鬼臉be短語be friendly/kind to對(duì)友好；be different from與不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受歡迎；be interested in對(duì)感興趣；be strict with對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格；be strict in對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格；be famous/known as作為出名；be famous/known for因著名；be surprised at對(duì)驚訝；be pleased with對(duì)滿意；be proud of對(duì)感到自豪；be polite/impolite to對(duì)某人有禮貌/不禮貌；be thankful/gr

26、ateful to對(duì)某人感激；be good for對(duì)有好處；be good at擅長(zhǎng)于；be made up of由構(gòu)成；be angry with對(duì)某人生氣；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with裝滿；be late for遲到；be covered with覆蓋著call短語call at拜訪(后接地點(diǎn))；call on拜訪(后接被拜訪的對(duì)象)，號(hào)召；call back回電話；call up打電話，使回憶起；call for要求，提倡，邀請(qǐng)【例10】We should think of others if we want to _hem.(2014，重

27、慶)Aget on well with Bhear ofCget ready for Dhear from【例11】Oh，dear！Your room is untidy.Sorry，mom.I'll _(2014，云南)Aset it up Bclean it upCput it up Dlook it up【例12】Ann is going on a tour of Xi'an，and she wants to_ Chinese history.(2013，江西)Adream of Blearn aboutClook through Dpass on一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1If y

28、ou _ smoke，please go outside.(2014，杭州)Acan Bmay Cmust Dmight2Our school is planning to _ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.(2014，哈爾濱)Atake up Bset up Cpick up Dturn up3She went to Hangzhou by train last night.She _ be at home now.(2014，遵義)Amust not Bmay not Ccan't

29、 Dshouldn't4It _ about eight minutes for sunlight (陽光) to travel from the sun to the earth.(2014，臨沂)Atakes Bspends Ccosts Dpays5I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3，000.(2014，寧波)Too good to be true.Don't _ it.Ado Bhold Cmake Dbelieve6The girl is greatly interested in t

30、he song.The lyrics of it _ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，白銀)Aexpress Bdiscuss Cexpect Dimagine7I used to _ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.(2014，武漢)Ashow up Bwake up Ccome up Dstay up8How was the concert last night?It was so good.Though it _ nearly four hours，few people left early.(2014，荊

31、州)Acovered Breached Clasted Dplayed9Spring has come.We can't _ the plan.The trees must be planted this week.(2014，安順)Aput off Bmake up Ccome up with Dlook up10Jason，I can't get Sue on the phone.I'm seeing her this afternoon.Do you want me to _ any message？(2014，湖州)Apass on Bfind outClook

32、 up Dwork on11Children _ sit in the front seat of a car.It's too dangerous.(2014，重慶)Aneed Bneedn't Cmust Dmustn't12_ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.(2014，寧波)Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.AMay BMust CCan DMight13We _ pay to get into the concert.It's free.(2014，江西)Acan't Bmustn't Cmight