情態(tài)動詞(基礎(chǔ)講解)

1、情態(tài)動詞的用法【用法講解】考試要求：中考要求掌握情態(tài)動詞在一般疑問句的問與答，理解情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的用法及情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)應(yīng)用。情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為 “可能 ” ， “應(yīng)該 ”或 “必要 ”等。情態(tài)動詞本身詞義不完全， 不能獨(dú)立作謂語動詞，必須和動詞原形連用 （ ought 除外） 。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。常用情態(tài)動詞有can（could）, may（might）, must, ought to, have to,need, dare, shall（should）, will（would） 。1. 情態(tài)動詞 can 和 could 的主要用法（ 1 ）表示

2、能力，意為 “能，會 ” 。Can you swim? 你能游泳嗎？His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses.他的奶奶雖然八十多歲了， 但是仍舊不用戴眼鏡能夠閱讀。注意： can 和 be able to 表示 “能力 ”時的區(qū)別：can 只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式，而be able to 除了現(xiàn)在式和過去式，還有將來式和完成式等多種形式。She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.明天下午她將能幫助你。This is the information that I

3、 have been able to get so far.這是我到目前為止能得到的信息。（ 2 ）表示 “許可，允許” 。can 和 could 沒有時態(tài)上的區(qū)別， could 比 can 在語氣上更客氣；在回答could 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句時要用can。Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station?你能告訴我去火車站的路嗎？ Could I use your pen? 我可以用你的鋼筆嗎？ Yes, of course you can. 是，當(dāng)然你可以。（3）表示“可能 ”， can 多用于否定句和疑問句。We know that

4、a computer can t think for itself.我們知道計(jì)算機(jī)不可能自己思考。Can she still be alive after all these years?這些年過后，她仍舊可能活著嗎？（4）表示否定推測，意為“不可能 ” 。The shy boy can ' t be our monitO對現(xiàn)在情況的否定推測）那個靦腆的男孩不可能是我們的班長。The ground is dry. It can' t have油ined情況的否定推測）地面是干的，不可能下過雨。2. 情態(tài)動詞 may 和 might 的主要用法（ 1 ）表示許可，意為“可以” 。

5、might 比 may 語氣上更客氣，更委婉。在回答may 和 might 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句時，肯定回答用 may ，否定回答要用mustn t。 May/Might I go now? 我可以現(xiàn)在去嗎？ Yes, you may. / No, you mustn ' t是，你可以。/ 不，你一定不要。May/Might I have a talk with you? 我可以和你聊聊嗎？（ 2 ）表示可能性，意為“可能” ， might 的可能性比較小。You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone.你可能在這走數(shù)英里都

6、見不到任何人。He may/might be sick. 他可能是病了。（ 3 ）表示對可能的情況推測， might 的可能性比較小。That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher.那個婦女進(jìn)了教室，她可能是我們的老師。They might/may have gone out at that time.在那個時候，他們可能出去了。（4）表示祝愿。（may+名詞或代詞+動詞）May you succeed! 祝你成功！May God bless you! 上帝保佑你！3. 情態(tài)動詞 must 的主要用法（1） mu

7、st表示"必須"，"應(yīng)該"，否定式must not/mustn ' t表示"不準(zhǔn)"，"禁止"。在回答 must 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句時，否定回答要用 needn t 或 don t have to。The work must be finished as soon as possible.工作必須盡可能快得完成。You mustn swtim here ， because its dangerous.你一定不要在這游泳，因?yàn)楹芪ｋU(xiǎn)。 Must I be home before ten o '七lOCk?

8、,我必須在家嗎？一 No, you needn ' t/don ' t have他 你不必一定在。（ 2 ）表示肯定推測，意為“一定，肯定” 。You must be hungry after such a long walk. （對現(xiàn)在的肯定推測）漫長的步行后，你一定是餓了。I didn t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. （對過去的肯定推測）我沒有聽到那個電話。我一定是睡著了。注意： must 和 have to 的區(qū)別must 表示說話人的主觀看法，而have to 表示客觀需要； must 只有一種形式，可用于一般現(xiàn)在時

9、和一般將來時，而have to 有多種形式，可用于不同時態(tài)。As a student, I must study very hard.作為一個學(xué)生，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。I have to be at my office before eight every morning.每天早上八點(diǎn)之前，我必須在我的辦公室。4. 情態(tài)動詞 need 的主要用法（1） need作情態(tài)動詞一般用于疑問句、否定句和條件句。need 無人稱變化，后接動詞原形，意思是“需要” 。在回答need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句時，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn' t。He needn t do that. 他不需要那樣做

10、。 Need you go now? 你需要現(xiàn)在去嗎？Yes, I must. / No, I needn '是，我必須（現(xiàn)在去）。/不，我不需要。（ 2 ） need 可用作行為動詞，用法與其他的行為動詞一樣。We need to think it over. 我們需要仔細(xì)考慮。Does he need to go now? 他需要現(xiàn)在去嗎？She didn ' t need to know觸不需要知道它。5. 情態(tài)動詞 shall 的主要用法shall 用作情態(tài)動詞，用于第二和第三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令” ， “警告” ， “允 諾”的意思。在疑問句中， shal

11、l 用來征詢對方的意見或請求指示，多用于第一人稱。You shall do as I say. 你應(yīng)該按照我說得做。Shall we take a walk after dinner? 我們飯后去散步好嗎？Let ' s go home together, shall we?我們一起回家，好嗎？6. 情態(tài)動詞 should 的主要用法( 1 )表示“應(yīng)該” ，說話人主觀上認(rèn)為的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，可用于所有人稱。You should keep your promise once you make it.你一旦許諾，就應(yīng)該兌現(xiàn)。(2) should have done表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒有做

12、的事，而shouldn' t have done表示過去不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了的事。It s eleven o clock. He should have arrived here by now.十一點(diǎn)鐘了。他應(yīng)該不晚于現(xiàn)在到這。You shouldn t have told anyone about that.你本不該告訴任何人關(guān)于那事。7. 情態(tài)動詞ought to 的主要用法表示“應(yīng)該”，沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，只有一種形式。否定形式為ought not to (縮寫形式為 oughtn' t to),疑問形式為 ought+主語+to+動詞原形。You ought to

13、 do it now. 你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就做。 Ought we to go there now? 我們應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就去那嗎？ Yes, you ought(to). 是，你應(yīng)該去。 No, you ought not(to). 不，你不該去。8. 情態(tài)動詞 will 的主要用法表示“意志” ， “意愿” ，用于各人稱。在疑問句中用于第二人稱，表示詢問對方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱?。We will help her if she asks to us.如果她問我們，我們就愿意幫助她。Will you please give him a message when you see him?當(dāng)你看見他時，給他稍個

14、信好嗎？9. 情態(tài)動詞 would 的主要用法would 是 will 的過去式，表示過去的“意志” ， “愿望” ，用于各個人稱。用于陳述句和疑問句中還表示說話人的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱螅Z氣比 will 委婉。She said that she would do that whatever happened.她說無論發(fā)生什么她都愿意做。I promised you that I would do my best to help you.我保證過我將盡力幫助你。 Would you like some apples? 你想吃蘋果嗎？Yes, I ' d like暹的，我想吃。I wou

15、ld like to go with you tonight. 今晚我想和你一起去。10. .理解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞；其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完 成，“be+過去分詞”部分不變。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，應(yīng)在情態(tài)動詞后面 加not;變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，應(yīng)將情態(tài)動詞移到句首。Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）Can tables be made of

16、 stone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）Waste paper should not be thrown here. 廢紙不應(yīng)該扔在這里。Should it be done by Li Ming ? 這件事應(yīng)該是李明干嗎？【真題再現(xiàn)】1. 一 I know by what time you want the project to be done? By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time?A. May; CanB. Must; NeedC. Could; Must D. Need; Would2. I follow you. Woul

17、d you please repeat it?A. can'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. shouldn't3. - Who's singing in the garden?It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time.A. mustB. can'tC. need4. 一 May I take this magazine out of the reading room? No, you. You read it in here.A. mightn't

18、B. won't C. needn't D.mustn't5. You touch an electric fire. It's dangerous.A. need B. mustC. needn'tD. mustn't6. 一 you come with me to Lang Lang's piano concert this evening?一I'd love to, but I have to study for my math test.A. Should B. MayC. MustD. Can7. Children si

19、t in the front seat of a car. It's too dangerous.A. need B. needn't C. must D. mustn't8. 一 Look, someone left a book.Oh, yeah This boc be Kitty ' s. Only she likes to read this kind of books.A. can B. must C. mayD. might9. Look! The traffic light has turned red . We stop our car.A. c

20、an B. can' tC. mustD. mustn ' t10. 一 Do you have any plans for this Sunday?一I ' m not sure I go to the countryside to see my grandmother.A. canB. mustC. mayD. need11. As middle school students, we be afraid of difficulties if we want to make ourdreams come true.A. mustB . shouldn ' t

21、C. need12. You return the book now. You can keep it until next week if you like.A. have to B. can ' tC. mustn ' tD. needn ' t13. Mom, must I go shopping with you? No, you . You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friends .A. needn' t B. can' tC. shouldn ' t D. mustn'

22、t14. Harry ' s been driving all day he be tired.A. needB. canC. shallD. must15. It s surprising that Mr. MaA. must B. can C. mustn's little daughterspeak English so well. t D. can ' t【答案與解析】1. A。句意：我可以知道你想這個項(xiàng)目何時完成嗎？一一到后天。你能按時完成嗎？may可以；can能夠；must必須；could用于一般疑問句通常表示請求；need需要。題干問句是請求，可用may或

23、者could ,排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；答句是詢問能否按時完成任務(wù)，應(yīng)選can。故選A項(xiàng)。2. Ao句意：我聽不懂你的（t）。請你再重復(fù)一遍可以嗎？can't不能；mustn't不準(zhǔn)；needn't不必s shouldn't不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意可知答案為A項(xiàng)。3. A。句意：一一誰在花園里唱歌？一一一定是布朗先生。他總是在這個時候練習(xí)唱歌。must表示"一定"；can't表示"不可能"；need表示"需要"。故選A。4. D。句意：一一我可以把雜志帶出閱覽室嗎？一一不，你不可以。你在這里讀。mightn&#

24、39;t可能不；won't不會；needn't不需要；mustn't禁止，不許。May I.?的否定回答通常是 No, you mustn't/can't,故選 D 項(xiàng)。5. Do句意：你千萬不要摸電暖器。它很危險(xiǎn)。need需要；must必須；needn't不必；mustn't千萬不要，表禁止。根據(jù)題意可知選D。6. D?句意：一一今晚你可以跟我去聽朗朗的鋼琴音樂會嗎？一一我很想去，但我不得 不為我的數(shù)學(xué)測試而學(xué)習(xí)。should表示應(yīng)該"；must表示必須，一定"。may和can都可表示請求、許可，意為 可以“，但ma

25、y用在一般疑問句中表示請求、許可時，其主語常用第 一人稱，故答案為 Do7. D。句意：禁止兒童坐在汽車的前排座位上。那樣太危險(xiǎn)。need需要；needn't沒必要；must必須；mustn't表禁止。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。8. B。本句意為：一一看，有人把書落在這里。這本書一定時Kitty的，只有她喜歡讀這類型的書。由“ only”可知此處表示肯定，故答案選 Bo9. Co C項(xiàng)意為“必須”。根據(jù)常識可知，必須遵守交通規(guī)則，紅燈亮必須停車。 故選Co10. C?句意：一一你這周日有什么計(jì)劃嗎？一一我不確定，我可能去鄉(xiāng)下看我奶奶。can表示推測時經(jīng)常用于否定句，表示肯定不；m

26、ust肯定，表示把握很大的推測；may可能，也許，表示推測的可能性很??；need需要。根據(jù)上句的還沒有確定，可知說話的可能性小，故選Co11. Bo句意：作為中學(xué)生，如果我們想要我們的夢想成真，我們就不應(yīng)該害怕困難。 must必須，應(yīng)該，一定；shouldn't不應(yīng)t玄,need需要，不得不。根據(jù)題意，故選 B。12. Do句意：你不必現(xiàn)在歸還這本書，如果你喜歡，你可以到下周再還。have to必須；can't 不育mustn't 定不要； needn't不必。根據(jù) You can keep it until next week if you like 可知用n

27、eedn't。13. Ao 媽媽，我必須要跟你去購物嗎？一一不，你不需要。你可以和你的朋友們一起看電影超能陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)6。當(dāng)用must提問時，肯定回答是 Yes, you must.否定回答是No, you needn .或者 No, you don ' t have 散選 A 項(xiàng)。14. Do此題意為“Harry開了一整天車，一定很累”，表示肯定推測，故選 must。15. Bo句意：真的很令人驚訝，馬先生的小女兒英語能夠說得如此好。must必須；can能，會；mustn't禁止；can't不能。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。【鞏固練習(xí)】I.單項(xiàng)選擇。1 The last

28、 bus has gone. We go home on foot.A. couldB.mustC.have toD. can2 you please tell me how to get to the airport?A. ShallB.MayC.ShouldD. Will3 Post the letter for me when you go out, you?A. willB.doC.don tD.shall4 . I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.A. can t B. coul dn t

29、 C. may not D. needn t5 . Judging by her accent, she be an American.A. can tB. mustn t C. needn t D. will6 you turn down your radio, please? Yes, I can.A May B Need C Must D Can7Can I wear any clothes I like to school? No, you can t You wear a uniform .A might B must C will D would8 Everyone go thro

30、ugh the security check （ 安檢 ） when entering the World Expo Park.A. can B. may C. must D. ought9Must I clean the room now? No ， you . You can do it tomorrow .A mustn t B must C needn t D need10I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning No ， it him He moved to Canada last weekA can be B must be C can

31、 t be D mustn t be11Look at that girl! Is it Susan? No, it be her. She has gone back to her hometown.A mustn t B can t C needn t D wouldn t12 I m feeling much better now so youcall the doctor .A. couldn tB . wouldn t C. can t D. needn t13Dad ， must I do my homework now? No You play games with your f

32、riends for a little while A would B needn tC may D must14 What will the weather be like tomorrow? It be rainy, cloudy or sunny . Who knows?A must B might C shall D should 15How was the youth club last night, Mark? It was great fun . You come.A must B can C should D may 16 your American friend eat wi

33、th chopsticks? Yes， he can. But he can t use them well A Can B Should C Must D. will17. I take some photos in the hall? No, you .A. Can; needn t B. Must ; mustn t C. Could; won t D. May; mustn t 18. Look! A book is on the floor. Whose is it? It be Rick's. It has his name on it.A. mustn'tB. c

34、an'tC. must D. need19. This toy Mickey Mouse be Amy's. she's the only kid at the picnic.A. mustB. canC. needD. can't20. 一 Shall I tell Jim the good news?一 No, you. I ve told him already .A. wouldn'tB. needn'tC. shouldn'tD . mustn'tII.用方框內(nèi)的情態(tài)動詞填空。（每詞只用一次）need, can, can

35、 ' t, shall, shoumny, must, mustn ' t, have to, wou d1. 一 I show him the way? - No, you needn't.2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I.3. 一 May I keep the book for three weeks?No, you.4. Nobody live without air or water.5. You not worry. Everything will be all right.6. 一 I have

36、 some chocolates now?-No, you mustn ' t.7. Children be left alone.8. I finish my homework before I go to bed.9. we go out for a walk? That ' s a good idea.10. you like some fish? 【答案與解析】I.單項(xiàng)選擇。1. Co這里是表示客觀需要，意為“不得不” 。2. Do Will you please do這是一個固定句型，表示請求，意為“請你做某事好嗎？”。3. Ao考查祈使句的反義疑問句，附加問句常用w

37、ill you ,表示請求。4. Bo 由 yesterday 可知用 couldn't 而不用 can't。5. Ao這里can't表示對現(xiàn)在情況的否定推測，意為“不可能是”。6. Do本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由答句“Yes, I can.”可知答案為 D項(xiàng)。1.8。 句意：一一我可以穿我喜歡的任何一件衣服去上學(xué)嗎？一一不，你不能。你必須穿校服。本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。might可能，也許；must必須；will將要；would意愿。根據(jù)句意說話者要表達(dá)命令的語氣，故選B項(xiàng)。8. Co句意：當(dāng)進(jìn)入世博園時，每個人必須通過安檢。本題考查情態(tài)動詞。 can能，可能； may可以；must必須；ought應(yīng)該。根據(jù)常識及實(shí)際情況，進(jìn)人世博園必須安檢。故選 C。9. Co句意：一一我現(xiàn)在必須打掃房間嗎？一一不必，你可以明天打掃。本題考查情態(tài)動詞。對must引起的疑問句的否定回答要用needn't。10. Co本題考查了情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。根據(jù)后句" He moved to Canada last week 可 知說話者要表達(dá)“不可能”，故答案應(yīng)為Co can表示“可能”時，常用于否定句和疑問句； must表