牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納8AUnits4--6

1、牛津譯林版初二英語上學(xué)期（ 8A）Unit 4-6重點(diǎn)詞組10 days old十天大weigh 100 grams重 100 克for the first time第一次kill it for its fur為了皮毛而屠殺它have nowhere to live沒有居住的地方be in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中hunt for food捕食live as a family以家庭形式居住lose ones lives失去生命at a time一次go birdwatching觀鳥northern countries北方國家all year round終年an important living

2、area 重要的居住區(qū)域 the Chinese Government 中國政府frighten the birds嚇唬鳥類watch the birds closely仔細(xì)地觀察鳥類talk softly輕聲地交談lose the game輸了比賽kill thousands of people 殺死數(shù)以千計(jì)的人 wash the village away 沖走村莊look at each other in fear 驚恐地互相看著run in all directions四處奔去fall down掉下來calm down冷靜下來say to myself心里想shout for help呼

3、救hear excited shouts聽見激動(dòng)的喊叫聲move away the bricks搬開磚塊make excuses找借口an earthquake in Taiwan 臺(tái)灣的一次地震 be in a great hurry to do something. write to newspapers and magazinesa nature reserve in north-east Chinalook like a little mouse看起來像小老鼠start to go outside開始外出up to 14 hours a day一天長達(dá)十四小時(shí)cut down fore

4、sts砍伐森林on ones own獨(dú)自的，獨(dú)立的stay alive活著a terrible snowstorm可怕的暴風(fēng)雪live in family groups群居continue to build road繼續(xù)建路keep taking the land不斷地占據(jù)土地white and grey feathers灰白相間的羽毛broad wings寬的翅膀for a short stay短期停留less and less space越來越少的空間do a bird count數(shù)鳥prevent flood預(yù)防洪水drop litter carelessly隨意扔垃圾sing nice

5、ly動(dòng)聽地歌唱several accidents幾起事故crash into a tree撞到一棵樹fall from a tree從樹上摔下來attack people襲擊人run wildly瘋狂地逃竄come down倒下來be trapped被困住a moment of fear片刻的恐懼a packet of chocolate 一袋巧克力 see the bright daylight 看見明亮的日光 walk through a rainforest 穿過熱帶雨林 bombs below the ground 像地下的炸彈mop it up/ mop up the floor 拖

6、地十分匆忙地做寫信給報(bào)紙雜志在中國東北的自然保護(hù)區(qū)at the beginning ofone of the world s most important wetlands世界上最重要的濕地之一provide food and shelter for them為他們提供食物和棲息地make more space for farms and buildings為農(nóng)場和建筑物騰出空間protect these endangered birds保護(hù)這些瀕危鳥類study the different kinds of birds研究不同種類的鳥the changes in their numbers他

7、們數(shù)量方面的變化understand the importance of wetlands明白濕地的重要性tell us not to make any noise叫我們不要發(fā)出噪音feel a slight shaking through my body感覺一陣輕微的震動(dòng)通過全身hear a big noise like thunder聽到象雷聲的巨大噪音The temperature will drop a little.溫度會(huì)稍有下降.The temperature will drop to -5 溫度會(huì)降到零下五度take actions to protect giant pandas

8、采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)大熊貓make giant panda reserves bigger擴(kuò)大大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)good eyesight, hearing and smell好的視力，聽力和嗅覺grow into a healthy young giant panda長成一頭健康的年輕的大熊貓encourage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民離開保護(hù)區(qū)語法精講1. I first saw the baby panda when she was only 10 days old.我第一次看到她時(shí)，她只有十天大。1) 10 days old 的意思是

9、“十天大” 。數(shù)詞 + days/months/years + old 的意思為“幾天 /幾個(gè)月/幾歲大”。如： The baby is nine months old, and she is able to talk.He graduated from the university when he was twenty five years old.2) a 10-day old giant panda數(shù)詞 -day/month/year-old+被修飾的名詞Cathy is a fourteen-year old girl who loves painting.The eighty-yea

10、r-old man is a great scientist.2. At four months, she weighed about 10 kilograms and started to go outside her home for the first time四.個(gè)月大時(shí)，她重十公斤，并且第一次開始出門。1) weigh v.稱重weight n. 重量The cat weighs about 2 kilos.= The weight of the cat is about 2 kilos.2) start to do something., start dong something,

11、 begin to do something., begin doing something的意思均為“開始做” 。如：She started/began to learn how to drive at the age of thirty.She started/began learning how to drive at the age of thirty.3) for the first time第一次for the second/third/ fourth/fifth time3. At the very beginning, Xi Wang drank her mother s mi

12、lk for up to 14 hours a day. 一開始，希望每天喝母乳長達(dá) 14 個(gè)小時(shí)。1)at the very beginning 在一開始的時(shí)候，在開始的時(shí)候，如： Wedontknow each other at the beginning of the first term.2) in the middle of在的中間的時(shí)候In the middle of last month we had a picnic.3) at the end of在結(jié)束的時(shí)候They got married at the end of last year and moved out ofth

13、e flat.4) up to 意為“直到” She used to work up to twelve hours a day.4. Sadly, it is difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild.可惜的是 , 大熊貓很難在野外存活下來。1) It is + 形容詞 + for somebody+ to do something 。 it 代替不定式作句子的主語。如： It is necessary for use to learn something about the world around us.It is impossi

14、ble for you to get success without working hard.能夠接 for somebody. 的形容詞是對(duì)不定式中的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)的, 如 : hard, difficult, easy,important , unimportant, interesting, boring, necessary, possible, impossible 等。2) It is + 形容詞 + of somebody +to do something 如：It is generous of him to pay for the meal for us.It was care

15、less of the girl to leave her bag on the bus.能夠接 of somebody 的形容詞是用于描述人的性格特征的,如 : good, nice kind, clever,smart, bright, wise, silly, foolish, stupid, selfish, generous, careful, careless, thoughtful, right, wrong, honest, dishonest, typical 等。5. Mothers often leave baby pandas for two whole days on

16、 their own.大熊貓經(jīng)常把自己的孩子單獨(dú)留下兩整天。on ones own = by oneself = alone ，其意思為“獨(dú)立的；獨(dú)自的”。如：The old man is very lonely because he lives on his own.You should work out the problem by yourself.Man cannot live alone on an island.6. If people find baby pandas alone, they will often take them away.如果人們發(fā)現(xiàn)熊貓崽單獨(dú)待著,他們通常

17、會(huì)把它們帶走。1) “ find somebody / something +形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：He found the sentence wrong.I found it interesting to read the comics.2) take them away 把他們帶走。 代詞 it/them 必須放在兩詞之間， 類似的短語有： take it/them off( 脫 )， put it/them on( 穿), think it/ them over( 考慮 )， look it/ them up( 查字典 )等等。7. If the giant panda

18、s are in danger, what can we do?如果大熊貓?zhí)幱谖ｋU(xiǎn)中，我們能做些什么？1)in danger 的意思為“在危險(xiǎn)中” ； be dangerous的意思為“對(duì)別人或物造成危險(xiǎn)”。如：The number of tigers is getting smaller do they are in danger.Tigers are dangerous because when they are hungry the attack people.2) 類似用法的短語有: in trouble, in need 。如：Their house caught a fire an

19、d they were in trouble. /We should help those who are in need.8. encourage farmer to leave the giant panda reserves鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民離開熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)encourage somebody to do something 的意思為“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”。如：My parents encourage me to be an inventor.My best friend encourages me to take up the hard job.9. I will see some beautiful

20、 birds if I walk through a rain forest.如果我走過雨林的話，我會(huì)看見一些美麗的鳥兒。through 意為“穿過 ,通過”，著重從空間穿過；across 也為“穿過” ，但指從平面的一端到另一端或十字交叉。如：The train is running through the tunnel.When you see the bank, walk across the road. The post office is right there.10. If I don tbuy them someone else will buy them.如果我不買，其他人也會(huì)

21、買的。else 可以作形容詞或副詞somebody, anyone, nothing, 作形容詞時(shí)主要用于等不定代詞之后作定語；who, whose, what 等疑問代詞或作副詞時(shí)， 用于 when, where 等后坐狀語。如： Who else would like to climb the hill?Eddie ate all the food in the fridge and there was nothing left.We cannot decide where else to visit today.11. Mother giant pandas have only one

22、or two babies at a time.母熊貓一次生產(chǎn)一到兩只熊貓崽。at a time 的意思是“一次” 。而 at times 相當(dāng)于 from time to time ，意思為“時(shí)常，不時(shí)” ； at all times 的意思是“總是” 。如： He gets angry with his son at times. He is willing to help his friends at all times.He is a good speaker, and is able to make a speech for two hours at a time.12. Their

23、 number is getting smaller and smaller becausetheir living areas are becoming farmlands他們的數(shù)量變得越來越少，因?yàn)樗麄兊纳婵臻g正漸漸變成農(nóng)田。比較級(jí)連用表示“越來越 ”如： The famous athlete is running faster and faster.He exercises a lot, so his health is getting better and better.13. If farmers keep taking the land, giant pandas will ha

24、ve nowhere to live.如果農(nóng)民不停的侵占土地，大熊貓就沒有地方居住了。keep doing something 的意思是“不停地做某事，一直作某事”。如：They kept watching TV for three hours. / I kept thinking about my teachers words last night.14. 條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if 如果 , unless 除非 , as long as 只要 , in case 如果 , if only 但愿等等。如：Unless the weather was bad, my fathe

25、r used to have a walk in the morning.As long as you are free, we will go shopping right now.If only he had come, he would have met you.Youd better take a raincoat in case it rains.1）條件句表示將來可能發(fā)生的情況:If 引導(dǎo)的條件句可以表示將來“可能”發(fā)生的情況,即逐句事態(tài)的發(fā)生有賴于從句事態(tài)的發(fā)生。一般條件狀語從句動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用will/shall+ 不定式的一般將來時(shí)形式。如：If we catch

26、 the 10 o clock train, we shall get there by lunchtime.If he goes to France, he will have to learn French.If it is a fine day tomorrow, I wontstay at home.What are you going to do if it s a holiday?2）條件句表示重復(fù)性的, 可預(yù)見的情況。If 條件句也可以表示重復(fù)性的 , 可預(yù)見的情況或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作 , 此時(shí)條件狀語從句的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) , 逐句動(dòng)詞也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3）表示普遍真理合客觀事實(shí)。如：If

27、 the temperature drops to 0 degrees Centigrade, water freezes.If you heat ice, it melts.4）表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。如：If it rains, I go to school on foot.If I get low marks in the tests, my parents get angry with me.注意：條件分句在前時(shí)其后要加逗號(hào), 而主句在前則不用加逗號(hào)。15. It is one of the worlds most important wetlands.它是世界上最重要的濕地之一。one

28、of + 最高級(jí)+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的意思是“最之一”。如：He is one of the most careful young men in our office.Zushou is one of the oldest cities in China.16. The area is a great place for wildlife because it provides food and shelter forthem. 這個(gè)地區(qū)是理想的野生生物棲息地，因?yàn)樗鼮橐吧鷦?dòng)物提供了食物和庇護(hù)場所。Provide 意思為“提供”；provide something for somebody = pro

29、vide somebody with something ，意思是“向某人提供某物” 。 如：The travel agency provides tourists with some water and food.The travel agency provides water and food for tourists.17. It is the ideal home for different kinds of plants, fish and birds.這里是許多植物，魚類，鳥類生長的理想家園。Ideal 的意思是“理想的” ，是形容詞，而idea 的意思是“主意，想法”，是名詞。如

30、：We have different ideas about the environment problem.We should have less homework in my ideal school.18. Many birds live in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round, and some go therefor a short stay. 許多鳥全年都在扎龍自然保護(hù)區(qū)生活， 而有些則去哪兒作短暫停留。1) all year round 意思是“終年，全年” 。 round 是副詞，意為“周而復(fù)始，從頭至尾” 。2) stay 可作名詞，

31、意為“停留” 。 for a short stay 的意思是“短暫停留” 。如：Every year we go to the seaside for a short stay.19. This means there will be less and less space.這意味著野生動(dòng)物的生存空間越來越小。More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough space. 越來越多的鳥類由于沒有足夠的空間而瀕臨滅絕。less and less + 不可數(shù)名詞的意思是“越來越少”； fewer and fewer

32、+“越來越少” ； more and more + 可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的意思是“越來越多”The rivers are polluted seriously, so there s less and less clean water.To make fewer and fewer mistakes he worked really hard.More and more technology has been used to improve our life.可數(shù)名詞的意思是。如：20. This year, members of our Birdwatching Club are studyin

33、g the different kinds of birds in Zhalong and the changes in their numbers.今年我們觀鳥俱樂部的正在研究扎龍地區(qū)的各種鳥類及它們的數(shù)量變化。1) study 在這里是“研究”的意思。如：He is the expert who studies air pollution.2) the changes in 表示“在 某方面的變化” ；the changes to 表達(dá)“的變化” 。如：The changes in the ways of learning science help him get good results

34、. Seeing the great changes to our city, the old got quite happy.21. Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands.許多人明白濕地的重要性。important是形容詞，意為“重要的”，importance 是名詞，意為“重要性”。如：I know it important to protect the wetlands.I know the importance of protecting the wetlands.22. If you are inte

35、rested in birds, you can go to Zhalong.如果你對(duì)鳥類感興趣，你可以去扎龍。be interested in something / doing something 的含義是“對(duì)（做）某事感興趣”。如：His little brother is interested in football. / His little brother is interested in playing football.23. They simply cantwait for the party next week.他們簡直等不及下周的聚會(huì)。cantwait for somet

36、hing 的意思是 “對(duì)急不可待” ；cantwait to do something 的意思是“等不及做” 。如： The children can twait for the Christmas Party.The children can twait to take part in the Christmas Party.24. 一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)由動(dòng)詞shall( 第一人稱 ), will( 第二、第三人稱)+ 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Shall I open the door?/He will get to the bus stop early.與 一 般 將 來 時(shí) 連 用 的

37、時(shí) 間 狀 語 有 ： tomorrow,nextweek(month/year),ina fewdays(months/years)等。如： It will rain tomorrow.The exchange students will leave in a few days.將來時(shí)的其他表示方法：1) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。 這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算或準(zhǔn)備好要做的事，或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的天氣變化等情況。如：We are going to discuss where to go next Friday.Look at the black clouds. It is going to

38、 rain.2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (be+現(xiàn)在分詞 ) 。有些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。這類動(dòng)詞有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, play, see,meet, write 等。如： She is coming to dinner this evening.I am seeing him the day after tomorrow.Are we taking an exam next Tuesday?I am spending my holiday in the Netherlands.3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一

39、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可以用來表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事情，這時(shí)的計(jì)劃比較客觀 ,更具有不可變動(dòng)性，因此更正式。如：The film begins in a few minutes.The peak tram leaves at 8:30 a.m.They leave for Nanjing next Sunday.25. 方式副詞副詞的構(gòu)成方式：形容詞+ly1) 一般形容詞在詞尾加 -ly 。如： clear-clearly ， great-greatly ， slow-slowly2) 以輔音字母加 -y 結(jié)尾的形容詞， 常常把 -y 改成 -i 再加 -ly 構(gòu)成副詞。 Happy-happily ，e

40、asy-easily， heavy-heavily 等。3) 詞尾為 -le 的形容詞，通常去 -e 加 -y。如：gentle-gently ，simple-simply ，terrible-terribly等。如： He runs fast. / He is drawing very carefully. / The old people were looked after well.26. Some children screamed because they were very frightened.一些孩子因?yàn)楹ε录饨衅饋?。be frightened 的意思是“害怕”。be 動(dòng)詞加以

41、 -ed 結(jié)尾的表語形容詞連用表示某人的心情。類似的詞組有： be excited(感到激動(dòng) ), be amazed(感到驚訝 ), be surprised(感到吃驚 ), be pleased(感到高興 ), be worried( 感到擔(dān)憂 ), be bored(感到無聊 )。如：She was so excited that she couldntsay anything.The mother is often worried about the child s health.I am pleased to have you to be my friend.The nook is

42、very boring. I felt bored when I read it.27. People ran in all directions.人們四處逃散。Some people ran out of the shopping center. 一些人逃出了購物中心I tried my best to run out to the street.我盡力跑了出去，跑到街上。People ran wildly as pieces of glass and bricks fell down.當(dāng)玻璃碎片和磚塊不斷掉下來時(shí)，人們瘋狂逃竄。run 的動(dòng)詞短語有：run in all direction

43、s/ run out of/ run out to / run wildly 。連續(xù)使用體現(xiàn)了人們的驚慌失措。28. I calmed down ans asked myself,“Did I really survive?”我冷靜下來，問自己： “我真的幸免于難了嗎 ?”calm down 是動(dòng)詞短語，意思“冷靜下來 ”。如： Dontbe nervous. Calm down.Survive 是動(dòng)詞，意為“幸存，存活”。如：The storm was terrible. Luckily, their family survived.The little girl survived the

44、earthquake.29. A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.一陣恐懼襲上心頭，但我告訴自己冷靜下來因?yàn)槲疫€活著。alive 表語形容詞， 只能用于系動(dòng)詞之后，充當(dāng)表語成分， 類似的詞有： alone，afraid ，asleep，awake. 如： The old people feel lonely from time to time.We are all afraid of snakes.He fell asleep while he

45、was listening to music.30. Dontmake excuse, Simon.別找借口了，西蒙。這里的 excuse 意思是 “借口 ”。做名詞使用。 excuse 也作動(dòng)詞使用，意思為“勞駕，對(duì)不起，原諒” 。如： The teacher doesntbelieve the studentsexcuses.If I don tapologize to him, my father won texcuse me.31. We could do nothing but walk slowly.我們?cè)诒╋L(fēng)雪中只能慢慢走。But 在這里作介詞， “除了”，常與 nothing

46、連用，意為“除了什么也沒有；只有”后面加動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)一般省略 to。如： There is nothing but a piece of paper in the box.It is raining hard, so we can do nothing but wait.Last evening I did nothing but watch sports.32. 動(dòng)詞不定式：1）動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“be+動(dòng)詞原形”，有時(shí)可以不帶to，其否定形式是“not to +動(dòng)詞原形”。動(dòng)詞不定式形式雖然不能作謂語，但是仍然保留著動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以帶所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。2）動(dòng)詞不定

47、式具有名詞，形容詞和副詞的特征，因此它在句中可作主語，表語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語，定語和狀語。A. 作主語如： To learn English well isn t an easy job.To have a talk with her is a great pleasure.It is important to have good habits.It takes me half an hour to go to school by bike.B. 作表語如： Our plan is to get to the top of the mountain in an hour.His job is

48、to treat the patients with eye problems.The girl s ambition is to be a great dancer.Our purpose is to achieve a balance between work and play.C. 作賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，如：agree(同意 ), begin( 開始 ), ask(要求 ),choose(選擇 ), continue( 繼續(xù) ), decide(決定 ), forget( 忘記 ), remember( 記得 ), learn( 學(xué)習(xí) ), plan( 計(jì)劃 ), wi

49、sh( 希望 ), volunteer( 志愿 ), prepare(準(zhǔn)備 )等等。如：They decided to change their diet.He wants to be a computer programmer.The baby started to talk at the age of eleven months.D. 賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞不定式可作復(fù)合賓語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語，常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：advise(建議 ), ask(請(qǐng)求 ), encourage(鼓勵(lì) ), invite( 邀請(qǐng) ), persuade(勸說 ), remind( 提醒 ), teach(教

50、), tell( 告訴 ), want( 想要 ), warn( 警告 ), wish( 希望 )等等。如： My teacher advised me to carry on with my hobbies.I told the children not to frighten the dog./They asked me to go shopping with themE. 定語動(dòng)詞不定式可以用作修飾名詞或代詞的定語，用作定語的不定式須跟在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。 下列名詞之后多直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式作定語： ability, agreement, chance, decision, hope,

51、 need, offer, plan, request, wish 等等。如：His plan to get success in the game made his parents very happy.I need a pen to write with./There are a lot of good novels to read.F. 狀語動(dòng)詞不定式可以用作修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞的狀語，一般放在其所修飾的動(dòng)詞或形容詞之后。如： He went to Italy to learn clothes designing.To get to the office on time, he took a

52、 taxi there.He went back home to find his dog missing.He is creative enough to be a director.He is too weak to play football well.33. 原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有because, as, since, for等。1)because表示人們不知道的直接原因或理由，著重在從句，全句的中心意義在從句中。常用于回答why 引出的疑問句，語氣最強(qiáng)。從句一般位于住戶之后。如：I didn tgo to school yesterday because I had a

53、 high fever.We couldntgo out for a walk that day because is snowed heavily.2)since 一般表示對(duì)方已知的，無需加以說明的理由。即原因顯而易見或?yàn)榧瘸墒聦?shí)。全句的中心意義在主句中，語氣比 because弱，但比 as 強(qiáng)一些。 常位于句子開頭。如：Since we have finished all the homework, mother allowed us to go skating last Sunday.Since we are close friends, we often share secrets.3)as 表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系，重點(diǎn)在主句。解釋為“由于”于”，相當(dāng)于since，但語氣更弱。引導(dǎo)