最新講解最全的定語從句講解.doc(共6頁)

1、高一英語高一英語-語法Grammar:定語從句(Attributive Clauses)Handsome boys=the boys who are handsomeBeautiful flowers=the flowers which are beautiful定義： 定語從句(Attributive Clauses)：由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞和代詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, which,

2、 that)和關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why) 關(guān)系詞都充當(dāng)從句的某個(gè)成分，它所替代的相應(yīng)成分應(yīng)省去。在定語從句中，當(dāng)who, which, that作主語時(shí)，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句。代替先行詞。在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不如限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系緊密，沒有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗號(hào)隔開。關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中的用法與在限制性定語從句中的用法基本一樣。一關(guān)系代詞以及基本用法關(guān)系代詞指示對(duì)象作用例句That人.物主.（賓）The student tha

3、t answered the question was John.回答問題的學(xué)生是約翰。The book （that） you lent me was interesting.你借給我的那本書很有趣。Which物主.（賓）Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天剛買的鋼筆.Who人主.（賓）A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.The

4、man（who）you met just now is my friend.Whom人（賓）The man（whom）you met just now is my friend. 你剛剛見到的那個(gè)人就是我的朋友.Mr. Ling is just the boy（whom）I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想見的那個(gè)男孩.Whose人.物定He has a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.注意一：1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不

5、能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when where和 why互換。where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom例如：1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。=This is the house where I lived two years ago.

6、2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？=Do you remember the day when you joined our club？3. The tourists, of whom the eldest is 70 (the eldest of whom is 70), are from Singapore. I saw three films this month, two of which were very interesting.The reason (which/tha

7、t) hes absent from the meeting for is not clear.=The reason for which /why hes absent from the meeting is not clear. 4） whom在定語從句中只指人，做賓語，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后邊的介詞提前時(shí)，只用whom例如：Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to?= Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?She is the

8、 person (whom/who/that) you should turn to for help.= She is the person to whom you should turn for help5) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語)(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。(2) Please pass me the book whose cover (=of which the cover) is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。6).先行詞有下列詞修飾

9、時(shí)只能用as引導(dǎo)定語從句, 如：as.as；so.as；such.as；the same+ 名詞+as。You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore. (as作want的賓語)Such computers as are used in our office are made in South Korea.(as作定語從句的主語) This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. (as作showed的直接賓語)This jewel is the same one

10、that I showed you the other day.(that作showed的直接賓語）請(qǐng)注意“the same + 名詞 + as”與“the same + 名詞 + that”的區(qū)別。 (1) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(2) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。注意：定語從句suchas 與結(jié)果狀語從句such that的區(qū)別：as在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語

11、，賓語；that在結(jié)果狀語從句中不做成分(3)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.(4)He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one.7). 先行詞有比較級(jí)修飾時(shí)用than；先行詞有否定詞修飾時(shí)用but，表示雙重否定，此時(shí)的but = who/which/that.not.My mother always gives me more money than is needed.(than作定語從句主語)This year, the farmers have harvested more grai

12、n than was expected. (than作定語從句主語)There is not a student but wants to go to university.=There is not a student who/that doesnt want to go to university.(but作定語從句主語)練習(xí)選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞填入題目中的空白處。(that which who whose whom )1.Do you see the bridge-was built last year2. The nurse _ we talked about can speak Eng

13、lish well.3. The old gentleman _ you met just now is a famous writer.4. The girl to _ I lent my bike works in a hospital.5. She was the brave girl _ name is known to everybody.注意二：that和which雖然都能指物，但是在某些情況下，只能用that指物而不用which1） 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，例如：This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.

14、（作賓語可省略）This is the most beautiful park that we have visited.2）先行詞被the very，the only the same, the last等修飾時(shí)，例如：This is the very book that I'm looking for.（作賓語，可省略）The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.（作賓語，可省略）3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，例如：The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean

15、 the classroom.（作賓語，可省略）This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s.（作主語）4）當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修飾時(shí).Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?There seems

16、to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.There is little (that) I can do for you.5）當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6)、當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)Can you remember the scientist and his theor

17、y that we have learned?7）先行詞是主句的表語或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語，例如：He is not the boy that he used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.8).當(dāng)在there be句型中，通常情況下用that，不用which、注意三： 宜用which而不用that的情況1. 在非限制性定語從句中。Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.2. 在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)。This is the room in which Chairman Mao

18、once lived.3. 當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。The clock is that which can tell us the time.二關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞指示對(duì)象作用例句When時(shí)間狀語I'll never forget the days when I worked together with youThe time when we got together finally came.Where地點(diǎn)狀語This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years

19、ago has been pulled downShanghai is the city where I was born.Why原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.關(guān)系副詞（在句中作狀語）關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=for which（先行詞一般是reason）Where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配)When=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行

20、詞搭配) 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom例如：1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。=This is the house where I lived two years ago.2

21、. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？=Do you remember the day when you joined our club？3. This is the reason why he came late.=This is the reason for which he came late.注意：1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等T This is the watch which/that I am

22、 looking for. (T正確)F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F錯(cuò)誤)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (

23、T)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty

24、 students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。The way in which/ that/省略he answered the question was surprising.判斷改錯(cuò) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

25、This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD.

26、 the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常和1.主句間用逗號(hào)隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Her house, which was

27、built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. (那座房子在地震中依然聳立，它是一百多年前建造的。)2.在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物,when where why 分別代表時(shí)間 ,地點(diǎn),原因(做狀語)3. as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1)、As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。Which還可指代主句中的某個(gè)詞或短語。(1) He married her, as/which was natura

28、l.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2)、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后，意為“這，這一點(diǎn)”。as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been

29、to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.難點(diǎn)透析定語從句是高中階段的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目之一。因此，有必要全面弄清其用法。定語從句從句型上講，它與六種句式相似，十分容易混淆。為了分清定語從句與這六種句型的差異，現(xiàn)將其分類例析如下。 【難點(diǎn)一】定語從句與并列句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three

30、 daughters；_ are doctors解析：定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接，這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:小題是定語從句，故填whom；小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞 them；小題是兩個(gè)并列分句，無需連接詞，缺少主語，故填none或they。 【難點(diǎn)二】定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。 Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water I still remember the farm _ my paren

31、ts worked ten years ago解析：定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于：定語從句有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，而地點(diǎn)狀語從句則沒有；定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用“介詞which”來代替where，而地點(diǎn)狀語從句則通常只能由 where引導(dǎo)。因此，從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:小題無表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，故為表示地點(diǎn)的狀語從句，填where；小題中the farm是先行詞，是定語從句，故填where，此處的 where可用on which替換。 【難點(diǎn)三】定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確It is on the morning of May 1st _I met Liang Wei

32、 at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works 解析：定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“It iswas被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代 替 that。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故填 that。此種情況檢測(cè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：先把強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It iswas.that去掉，再把被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分還原，在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下，如句子仍然成立則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則為定語從句?？蓪⒌谛☆}改為：I m

33、et Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport顯然，這句話是正確的，故為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。小題則是定語從句，用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知the factory前缺少個(gè)介詞in，故填 where。 【難點(diǎn)四】定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確I have the same computer _ you have She is such a kind and funny girl _ all of us like to make friends with her解析：定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于（這里只討論the sa

34、me.asthat和such.as/that兩種情況）：在這兩種情況下，如果asthat既引導(dǎo)從句，同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，則asthat引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。在the sameasthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，用as指一樣的，但不是同一個(gè)事物；用that指同一物品，故小題填as；如果asthat在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，則asthat引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，故小題填that。 【難點(diǎn)五】定語從句與單句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work_ didnt help解析：含有定語從句的復(fù)合句與兩個(gè)單句的主要區(qū)別在于：前者有主句，有從句，必須有關(guān)系詞；而后者則是兩個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子，不需要任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞。小題兩個(gè)句子用逗號(hào)連接且沒有并列連詞，顯然應(yīng)是主從句關(guān)系，因此需用關(guān)系詞 which，前面整個(gè)句子作先行詞；小題則填I(lǐng)t，代替前面的整個(gè)句子。解題時(shí)，注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用。高中英語定語從句句型總結(jié)一、疑問句中考查定語從句1. Is this the farm _ you visited last week？A. whereB. the oneC. on w