(通用版)2016高考英語二輪復習第一部分題型專題方略專題一閱讀理解第五講篇章結構題課件

1、第五講篇章結構題第五講篇章結構題專題一閱讀理解專題一閱讀理解命題分析命題分析考試大綱考試大綱明確要求考生明確要求考生“理解文章的基本結構理解文章的基本結構”。高考對。高考對文章結構的考查主要涉及兩個層次：一是按段落的組織方法文章結構的考查主要涉及兩個層次：一是按段落的組織方法理解文章的結構，二是按寫作方法理解文章的結構，二是按寫作方法(論證方法論證方法)理解文章的結理解文章的結構。把握文章的基本結構有利于理解文章的主題。篇章結構構。把握文章的基本結構有利于理解文章的主題。篇章結構題屬于較高層次的考查，重在考查對整個文章內(nèi)在邏輯關系題屬于較高層次的考查，重在考查對整個文章內(nèi)在邏輯關系的理解，對文

2、章結構的清晰認識及對文中舉例的目的等，看的理解，對文章結構的清晰認識及對文中舉例的目的等，看考生對整篇文章的整體理解如何。因此，把握全篇的文脈，考生對整篇文章的整體理解如何。因此，把握全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關系對理解文章的基本結構會即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關系對理解文章的基本結構會有很大幫助。有很大幫助。專題一閱讀理解專題一閱讀理解按段落的組織方法理解文章的結構按段落的組織方法理解文章的結構文章的體裁有記敘文、說明文和議論文等，不同體裁的文章文章的體裁有記敘文、說明文和議論文等，不同體裁的文章的組織方法是不同的。文章結構題主要考查考生在理解全文的組織方法是不同的。文章結構題主

3、要考查考生在理解全文的基礎上對文章所描述的事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結的基礎上對文章所描述的事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結構層次或在論述觀點過程中使用的論證方法進行推測、歸納構層次或在論述觀點過程中使用的論證方法進行推測、歸納和總結的能力。主要設題形式：和總結的能力。主要設題形式：Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the passage?How is the passage organized?Which of the following best shows the structure of the pas

4、sage? (2015高考北京卷高考北京卷) Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life，mostly for the better.However，social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their childre

5、n who are attending college.Surveys (調(diào)查調(diào)查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overlyprotective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generat

6、ion ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign thattodays parents are trying to manage their childrens lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However，greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context

7、 (背景背景) of this discussion，it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their collegeage children frequently，would this have been possible？Probably not.On the othe

8、r hand，does the possibility of frequentcommunication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago？Many studies show that older parentstodays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore，studies show t

9、hat finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new；nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad；it is a fact of

10、 college life，today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology，we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes

11、come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?_I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Subpoint(次要點次要點)C：ConclusionB【解析解析】文章結構題。文章第一段是文章結構題。文章第一段是introduction，介紹了介紹了“新科技帶來的一些改變常被誤認為是態(tài)度的改

12、變新科技帶來的一些改變常被誤認為是態(tài)度的改變”的現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。第二段提出了第一個論點象。第二段提出了第一個論點“父母在子女生活中參與度提父母在子女生活中參與度提高的現(xiàn)象通常被誤認為是在試圖安排孩子的生活高的現(xiàn)象通常被誤認為是在試圖安排孩子的生活”。第三段。第三段提出了第二個論點提出了第二個論點 “父母更多的參與不一定表明父母對子父母更多的參與不一定表明父母對子女不放手女不放手”。第四段針對第二個論點提出了分論點一。第四段針對第二個論點提出了分論點一“是科是科技的進步導致了父母對子女生活更多地參與技的進步導致了父母對子女生活更多地參與”。第五段針對。第五段針對第二個論點提出了分論點二第二個論點提出了

13、分論點二(關鍵詞關鍵詞Furthermore)“是子女經(jīng)是子女經(jīng)濟不獨立導致父母對子女生活的過多參與濟不獨立導致父母對子女生活的過多參與”。最后一段得出。最后一段得出結論結論“多虧了高科技多虧了高科技，我們能更好地交流我們能更好地交流，父母與孩子更多父母與孩子更多的溝通交流并不是想庇護孩子的溝通交流并不是想庇護孩子”。名師點津名師點津一般說來一般說來，一篇文章只有一個中心要點一篇文章只有一個中心要點，全文的各個段落都全文的各個段落都要圍繞這個中心要點展開。而情節(jié)發(fā)展的線索通常會含有一要圍繞這個中心要點展開。而情節(jié)發(fā)展的線索通常會含有一個或幾個要點個或幾個要點，每個要點又會根據(jù)表達的需要分出一個

14、或幾每個要點又會根據(jù)表達的需要分出一個或幾個次要點。在這些要點和次要點的支撐下個次要點。在這些要點和次要點的支撐下，文章會在最后得文章會在最后得出一個結論出一個結論，這就是文章的大致框架。了解文章的大致框架這就是文章的大致框架。了解文章的大致框架是突破文章結構題的關鍵。在解答此類試題時是突破文章結構題的關鍵。在解答此類試題時，考生應做考生應做到：一讀到：一讀，就是通讀全文；二想就是通讀全文；二想，就是想一想每個自然段的就是想一想每個自然段的主要內(nèi)容；三歸主要內(nèi)容；三歸，就是把一些內(nèi)容相同或關系密切的自然段，就是把一些內(nèi)容相同或關系密切的自然段并在一起，成為一個大段；四查，就是再把各段段意連起并

15、在一起，成為一個大段；四查，就是再把各段段意連起來來，看是否能構成一個連貫的整體；五選，就是選出符合文，看是否能構成一個連貫的整體；五選，就是選出符合文章結構的正確答案。因此考生在閱讀文章時要發(fā)揮自己的邏章結構的正確答案。因此考生在閱讀文章時要發(fā)揮自己的邏輯思維能力，把握作者的寫作思路，這樣才能準確答題。此輯思維能力，把握作者的寫作思路，這樣才能準確答題。此類試題從段落組織方式上看有三種類型：總類試題從段落組織方式上看有三種類型：總分分總；總總；總分；分分；分總?？?。作者可采用不同的方法來組織文章，如：作者可采用不同的方法來組織文章，如：1.時間順序，按時時間順序，按時間先后順序說明某一事物的

16、發(fā)展，或某一研究由過去至現(xiàn)在間先后順序說明某一事物的發(fā)展，或某一研究由過去至現(xiàn)在的發(fā)展情況。的發(fā)展情況。2.空間順序，按照事物的空間結構順序空間順序，按照事物的空間結構順序(從左到從左到右，從內(nèi)到外，從整體到局部等右，從內(nèi)到外，從整體到局部等)進行描寫或說明。進行描寫或說明。3.舉例論舉例論證，用所列舉的事物來論證觀點，通常列舉一些數(shù)據(jù)、事例證，用所列舉的事物來論證觀點，通常列舉一些數(shù)據(jù)、事例等。等。4.對比或類比，通常以對比各事物之間的共同點或差異對比或類比，通常以對比各事物之間的共同點或差異為主。主要設題形式：為主。主要設題形式：按寫作方法理解文章的結構按寫作方法理解文章的結構The pa

17、ssage is mainly developed by_The second paragraph is developed by_The author develops the passage mainly by_How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2? (2015高考重慶卷高考重慶卷) There are many places to go on safari (觀賞野生動物觀賞野生動物) in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded wate

18、rs of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys.Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.

19、They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drop

20、s of water bouncing off your body and face，it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，as does your heart rat

21、e，as you move closer to them.In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the suns rays pass through

22、the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.The author introduces the riding experience in the