0809分子生物學期末試卷及答案

1、福建農(nóng)林大學期末考試試卷20212021學年第學期課程名稱： 分子生物學考試時間 120 分鐘 專業(yè)年級班學號姓名題號一二三四總得分得分評卷人簽字復核人簽字得分一、填空題每空0.5分，共10分1、The enzymes needed in the bacterial DNA replication are topoisomerase, helicase, _, DNA polymerase and _.引物酶；DNA連接酶2、There are five families of histones:_, _, _ and _, known as the core histones, and H1

2、.H2A；H2B；H3；H43、The holoenzyme of RNA polymerase is_，the core enzyme is made up of _，while the_ factor has the ability to recognize specific binding sites.2；2；4、There are two kinds of mutagens, one is physical mutagens, such as_，the other is chemical mutagens, such as_.各種射線；堿基類似物/烷化劑/亞硝酸/EB5、The two

3、-dimensional structure of tRNA is . And the three-dimensional structure of tRNA is . 三葉草型、L型6、 was suggseted by Crick to explain the redundancy of the genetic code.擺動假說7、The start codon is . There are three stop codons:, , .ATG或AUG、TAA或UAA、TAG或UAG、TGA或UGA8、 site is where incoming aminoacyl-tRNA mole

4、cules bind, and site is where the growing polypeptide chain is usually found.A、P得分二、名詞解釋每題2分，共30分1、semi-conservative replication：半保存復制，親代雙鏈DNA以每條鏈為模板，按堿基配對原那么各合成一條互補鏈，這樣一條親代DNA雙螺旋，形成兩條完全一樣的子代DNA螺旋，子代DNA分子中都有一條合成的“新鏈和一條來自親代的舊鏈。2、Tm：核酸熱變性溫度范圍的中點。3、asymmetry of transcription：轉錄的不對稱性，指雙螺旋的DNA進展轉錄時只有一條鏈能

5、被轉錄，另一條鏈可能起調節(jié)作用。4、transition：在基因突變中，一個嘌呤被另一個嘌呤所代替或一個嘧啶被一個另嘧啶所代替的現(xiàn)象。5、exon：外顯子，指真核生物基因中，含有蛋白質編碼信息區(qū)段、在成熟mRNA的加工過程中被保存下來的局部。6、transposon：轉座子，基因組上一些可由一個位置移動到另一位置的核酸序列。7、operon：原核基因表達調控的單位，包括啟動子、操縱基因和一系列功能相關的構造基因。8、Synonymous codon：編碼同一氨基酸的密碼子。9、Ribosome：核糖體，蛋白質合成的場所。10、Shine-Dalgarnosequence ：SD序列，由Shin

6、e和Dalgarno發(fā)現(xiàn)原核生物起始密碼子上游813個nt的保守多嘌呤序列，及核糖體16S小亞基的特定序列堿基配對，相對于起始密碼子正確定位核糖體，保證翻譯的準確。11、housekeeping gene：生物體不同發(fā)育時期所有類型細胞中均保持表達狀態(tài)的基因。12、Ribozyme：核酶，能夠催化特定生化反響的RNA分子。13、Chaperone：分子伴侶，幫助蛋白質分子形成正確空間構象的輔助分子。14、DNA clone：DNA克隆，將片段相對較短的目的核酸片段及能進展獨立復制的載體連接形成重組DNA，重組DNA能夠在寄主細胞內(nèi)增殖，從而獲得大量的目的核酸片段。15、phage：侵染細菌的病

7、毒。得分三、單項選擇題每題1分，共15分 D 1、DNA replication in eukaryotes:A. usually starts at the same place every timeB. only involve 2 different DNA polymerasesC. is faster than in bacterial DNA replicationD. all of the above are false D 2、Which of the following are true statements regarding telomeres:A. they stabi

8、lize linear chromosomesB. they consist of a short repeating sequenceC. they are located at the chromosome endsD. all of the above are true C 3、Mismatches produced from replication errors are first recognized by _ for the purposes of repair.A. MutH B. MutM and MutLC. MutL and MutS D. Exonuclease I B

9、4、Transcription in prokaryotes and the eukaryotic nucleus:A. is catalyzed by the same enzymeB. involves Watson-Crick type pairing of nucleotidesC. requires a primerD. proceeds from 3 to 5 C 5、Which of the following is an example of highly-repetive DNA?A. Alu element B. Histone gene clusterC. Minisat

10、ellite DNA D. KpnI family C 6、Which of the following is not involved in homologous recombination in E. coli that we studied inclass:A. RecA B. RecBCD C. RecQ D. RuvA B 7、Regulation of the Lac operon is belong to:A. repression of negative control B. induction of negative controlC. repression of posit

11、ive control D. induction of positive control D 8、which of the following descriptions of subunits of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is true？A. the subunits clamp the polymerase to the DNAB. the subunits link the two catalytic cores togetherC. the subunitscontribute the DNA polymerase activityD. all of

12、 the above are tureB 9、Nuclear mRNA splicing is performedA. in nucleosomes B. in spliceosomesC. in the nucleolus C. in ribosome C 10、Cap functions not include A. enhancing splicing of the first intron B. enhancing translation of the mRNA C. enhancing degradation of the mRNA in the cytoplasm D. enhan

13、cing the stablitity of the mRNAD 11、Which of the following is true of the genetic codeA. it is read 3 nucleotides at a timeB. it is not overlappingD. it is degenerate (more than one triplet codes for most amino acids)D. a and b are true A 12、The region(s) of tRNA recognized by amino-acyl tRNA synthe

14、tases (so that they can charge the righttRNA) isA. the CCA B. the D loop C. the anticodon C. the T or pseudouridine loop C 13、In nuclear mRNA splicing, the intron is released as a A. circular RNA B. linear RNA C. lariat RNA D. a “Y RNA B 14、The first and main polyadenylation signal is foundA. 20-30

15、bp from the ORFB. 20-30 bp from the polyadenylation siteC. 20-30 bp from the promoter siteD. 20-30 bp from the end of the RNA A 15、During initiation step of the translation in prokaryotes, the components involved are A. ribosome, mRNA, initiator tRNA charged, initiator factors, GTP B. ribosome, mRNA

16、, initiator tRNA charged, initiator factors, ATPC. ribosome, mRNA, initiator tRNA charged, initiator factors, CTPD. ribosome, mRNA, initiator tRNA charged, initiator factors, TTP得分四、問答題45分1、Please illuminate the main content of central dogma and draw the sketch map.10 pointsDNA是生物遺傳的主要物質根底。遺傳信息以特定的脫

17、氧核苷酸序列儲存在DNA分子中1分。DNA能準確地自我復制1分，并把遺傳信息轉錄到mRNA分子上1分，然后通過mRNA翻譯成為具有特定氨基酸順序的蛋白質1分，由蛋白質行使各種生物學功能。Crick把這種遺傳信息的流動稱為分子遺傳的中心法那么。后來人們又發(fā)現(xiàn)反轉錄病毒可以其RNA作為模板指導合成DNA1分；某些病毒RNA可以進展自我復制，即以自身RNA為模板，合成子代RNA1分。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是對中心法那么的補充和開展。 DNA RNA 蛋白質 4分2、what is the promoter？Please describe the most conserved structure of promot

18、ers.7 points定義：RNA聚合酶特異性結合和起始轉錄所需的保守序列。2分構造：TTGACA1618bpTATAAT58bpG/A -35序列 -10序列 +1 1分 1分 1分 1分 1分3、Please briefly describe the structure features of the Watson-Crick double-helix.7 points1兩條單鏈，右手螺旋，反向平行，大溝和小溝；2分2嘌呤和嘧啶位于螺旋的內(nèi)側，磷酸和脫氧核糖基位于螺旋外側，彼此以3 ,5 -磷酸二酯鍵連接，形成DNA分子的骨架。1.5分3直徑2 nm，10bp/螺旋，螺距。1.5分4堿基互補配對存在。2分4、What are the characters of expression vectors? (5 points)1能夠進