必修三Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、1. mean的用法1) mean to do意欲做2) mean doing意味著3) be meant for 適合做這次考試失敗意味著要再考一次Faili ng this examano ther one.我并不是故意遲到的。I didn ' tbe late for sChooUnit 1e.g. I did n mean to hurt you.e.g. Missing the train means waiting for another hour.e.g. He is not meant for a teacher and will always be un happy

2、in the school. means方式，方法，途徑by all means當(dāng)然可以，沒問題by no means絕不by mea ns of借助手段；依靠方法練習(xí)：他說他不適合讀書因?yàn)閼?。He says hea student for his laziness.2. celebrate vt. & vi.(1) 慶祝；祝賀 celebrateChristmas / one ' s birthday / a vi成功)(2) 贊揚(yáng)； 稱頌 e.g. The n ames of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 詞語辨析： ce

3、lebrate, con gratulatecelebrate表示“慶?！焙蟪＝尤掌?事情或場(chǎng)合，表示“贊揚(yáng)”時(shí)，賓語可以是 人，也可是物。congratulate 后常接人，表示向某人祝賀 congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth. congratulations (to sb) on sth/ doing sth.3. 英語中表示“發(fā)生”的詞或短語均為不及物，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為所發(fā)生的事。詞語辨析： take place, happe n, occur, come about, break out 的比較1) take place “發(fā)生,舉行”側(cè)重安排

4、或計(jì)劃而發(fā)生的事，帶有 非偶然”的意思e.g. Great cha nges have take n place in China in the past 10 years.2) happen發(fā)生”常指具體客觀事物或情況的偶然或未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生。happen還可以表示“碰巧發(fā)生了什么事”常構(gòu)成sb/sth. happens to do或 It happens thate.g. It happe ned to rain that day.The traffic accide nt occurred on Wedn esday.3) occur發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”，較正式用詞，指事情偶然地、意外地發(fā)生或思想

5、突然浮 在心頭。occur to有“想起”的意思。e.g. A good idea occurred to me.4) break out火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病)突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)e.g. The Seco nd World War broke out in 1939.5) come about發(fā)生”，往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因。且很多時(shí)候與 how連用。與 happen用法較接近e.g. How does it come about that you were caught by the police?練習(xí)：用take place , happen和 come about的正確形式填空1. The May

6、 4th Movementin 1919.2. If anythingto the machi ne, let me know at on ce.3. The ope ning day of the playtomorrow ni ght.4. Can you tell me how it?4. starve: vt.使餓死vi.餓得要死 starve to deathbe starved of/ starve for:渴望n. starvation 餓死：die of starvatione.g. The motherless childre n were starved of/ were

7、starvi ng for affectio n.練習(xí)：他們?cè)谏衬忻月范I死。They got lost in the desert and他們正急需一大筆錢來完成工作。 They are a sum of money to finish their work.5. h on or1） n.光榮，榮譽(yù)；光榮的人或事情e.g. They fight for the honor of the coun try.Liu Xiang is an honor to our coun try.2）尊敬，給以榮譽(yù)（v）e.g. Children should honor their parents.3）i

8、n honor of 為了紀(jì)念do sb. honor/ do honor to sb.向某人致敬on one'honor 以人格擔(dān)保have the honor of doing/ to do sth.有幸做 6. satisfy vt. / vi.使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足e.g. Nothing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb. be satisfied with 對(duì)滿意e.g. She ' ssaitsfied with her new house.令人滿意的：sat

9、isfying, satisfactory滿意：satisfaction7. harm n./v. 損害；傷害do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sb 反: do sb goode.g. He meant n oharm to you.The eve nts has harmed the relati ons betwee n the two coun tries.8. in memory of 為紀(jì)念e.g. The museum was built in memory of the famous scie ntist.in praise of 歌頌in charg

10、e of 負(fù)責(zé)； 掌管insearchof尋找in favor of 支持incelebration of慶祝insupport of支持in place of 代替incase of 女口果；萬一9. They offer food, flowers and gift詞語辨析： offer, provide, supplyoffer 主動(dòng)提供。offer sth to sb/ offer sb sthprovide 供給（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。provide sth （for sb）/ provide sb with sth. supply:供應(yīng)（所需要或所要求之物）。supply st

11、h to sb; supply sb with sth 練習(xí)： When I meet difficulty, my roommates willme help.Theya reward for the return of the lost jewels.The gover nment n eed tothese old people with food and clothes.Electricity should beeno ugh every mon th.10. dress up盛裝打扮；裝扮，裝飾' t have doess up Come as you are.Childre

12、 n love dress ing upin Hallowee n.dress vt. 給穿衣 dress on eself/ sb.給自己/某人穿衣表示動(dòng)作be dressed in表示狀態(tài)11. play a trick on sb.= play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人；開某人的玩笑相近短語：make fu n of取笑，捉弄 laugh at嘲笑 make a fool of愚弄 play a joke with= joke with 和某人開玩笑trick vt. trick sb into sth./ doi ng sth.誘使某人干某事trick sb. out of

13、 sth.從某人處騙走某物12 award n.獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，獎(jiǎng)金e.g. She showed us theiwards she had won.vt. 授予; 判定 award sb sth= award sth to sb e.g. The judgesawarded both teams equal poin ts.award獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金”側(cè)重經(jīng)過正式裁定而得到的prize獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)金”指在比賽中獲勝或有特殊貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)所得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)reward回報(bào),報(bào)酬13. admire vt.贊美；欽佩；羨慕admire sb/sth （for為某事欽佩某人e.g. I admire him for his

14、success in bus in ess.admiratio n n.admirableadj.14. look forward to（介詞）+ n/ v-ing盼望，期待e.g. I ' m looking forward to his coming.以下短語中的to也為介詞，后面加doing,而不是dopay attention to 注意devote to 致 力 于 prefer to 更 加喜歡get dow n to 開始做be used to習(xí)慣于15. as though= as if好像，仿佛（其引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞即可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣）1）虛擬語氣（其

15、謂語若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用一般過去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用were;若與過去事實(shí)相反，則用過去完成時(shí)）e.g. He behavedas if/ though nothing had happened.He talks as if/though he knew everyth ing.2）.陳述語氣（表示很可能的事實(shí)就用陳述語氣）e.g. It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.He waved to me as if to tell me someth ing.16. custom 指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指?jìng)€(gè)人生活習(xí)慣。customs關(guān)稅practice習(xí)俗

16、，慣例；與custom近義，但含貶義。make a practice of 慣常做某事。habit個(gè)人生活習(xí)慣，后接of doing,不可接不定式。break a custom 打破習(xí)俗 follow/keep up a custom 遵從、遵守習(xí)俗manners and customs 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣customs 付關(guān)稅pass/go through the custom通關(guān)用 custom, practice 禾口 habit 填空1）1 have theof gett ing up early.2）It is thefor the Japanese to take off their sho

17、es when they get into a hall.3）Socialdiffer from country to coun try.4）He makes aof cheati ng at exam in ati ons.5）We should paywhe n we import from abroad.17. permissi on n.準(zhǔn)許； 許可； 批準(zhǔn)give permission （for sth./ sb. to do sth.）準(zhǔn)許（某事 /某人干某事） without permissi on 未經(jīng)許可with on e'spermissio n 經(jīng)某人的許可ask

18、 sb. for permissi on 請(qǐng)求某人準(zhǔn)許 give sb. permissi on to do sth準(zhǔn) 許某人做某事 permit vt.&vi.允許；準(zhǔn)許 n.許可證；特許證 permit sb. sth/ permit sb to do sth./ permit doing sth18. turn up 1） ap pear 出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng)他到目前還沒有出現(xiàn)。Heso far.2）調(diào)大聲音，把開大點(diǎn)兒請(qǐng)把火調(diào)大一點(diǎn)。Pleasethe fire.相關(guān)短語：turn down拒絕 turn off關(guān)掉 turn on打開turn out結(jié)果是 turn in 上交 tur

19、n to 轉(zhuǎn)向；翻到；求助于19. keep one ' s word守信用，遵守諾言 break one ' s word違背諾言” keep a promise遵 守諾言make a promise 做出承諾 carry out a promise 履行諾言break a promise 違背諾言in a word 簡(jiǎn)言之in other words換句話說y have a word with sb.與某人交談.have words with sb. （about sth.）關(guān)于某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵20. hold one ' s breathfte.g. The gir

20、l held her breath at the sight of the sn ake.take breath 呼吸lose one' s breath毛bout of breath 喘不過氣來breathe v. breath n.21. apologize 道歉apologize _to sb for （do ing） sth = say sorry to sb for doing sthe.g. You must apologize to the teacher for being so rude. apology n. make an apologyjo sb for （do

21、 ing） sth.22. wipe （wiped, wiped） vt 擦，擦去wipe off 抹掉，擦掉wipe out消滅；掃除 wipe up 擦干凈wipe the words off the blackboard23. remi nd sb. of sth 提醒某人某事remi nd sb. to do sth / remi nd sb. tlat 1）他提醒我那個(gè)承諾。He rem in ded me of my promise.2）他提醒我要早起。He remi nded me to get up early.3）他提醒我本應(yīng)該小心點(diǎn)。He rem in ded that I

22、 should have bee n more careful.24. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought.set off:動(dòng)身,出發(fā);（側(cè)重去某一個(gè)地方）；使（地雷、炸彈）爆炸；e.g. Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.The bomb set off among the crowd.相關(guān)短語：set about doi ng sth. =set out to do sth著 手（做某事）語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, might; can, could; will, would; shal

23、l, should; must, n eed, dare, used to, ought to.一、can, could 和 be able to 的用法1. ca n, be able tc都可表示“能力”Can的主語是人或物,be able to的主語是人She can/be able to sing the song in En glish.This machine can make you feel comfortable.2. can只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式（could）。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 we II be able tfinish the work soon./

24、I haven' t been able see the film.could用于表示泛指過去的能力。如：I could read whe n I was four.Although the soldier was badly woun ded, he was able to tell what had happe ned. She ran fast but shecouldn ' t /wasn ' t atatetothe bus.3. 表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用 was/were able to 不能用 could。He was able

25、 to flee Europe before the war broke out.He was able to swim halfway before he got tired.4. could不表示時(shí)態(tài)，表示委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。Could I have a look at your notebook?Yes, you can ./No, you can't.5. 表示“驚異，懷疑，不相信”的態(tài)度（主要用于否定句，疑問句和感嘆句中）Can this n ews be true?How can you be so foolish?It can' bte

26、Mary. She has fallen ill.6. 表示推測(cè)，譯為“可能、或許” ，can常用于否定句（意思是"不可能已經(jīng)"）和疑 問句；could除用于否定句及疑問句外，還可用于肯定句（意思是"那時(shí)可能；本來可 以"）。Linda didn catch the train. She could have caught it.Don't worry. They could have just forgotten to phone.二、may 和 might1. may和might用于一般問句中表示委婉的請(qǐng)求，肯定回答用may否定用mustn&

27、#39;c -May I use your pen cil?-Yes, you may./ No, you mustn'. c2. may和might表示“可能性” ，may/might + v 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的動(dòng)作 情況。might暗示的可能性更小She may not be working now.John might be at home now.3對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的可能性作出判斷用may/might have done用might比用may的可能性更小She may/might have gone to the cinema.They may/might not have

28、 received our telephone.4. may放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed! May God bless you!三、Will 和 would1. will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各種人稱If you wilLhelp me with my En glish, I will be very happy.I promised that I would do my best.2. 在疑問句中,will用于第二人稱，表示請(qǐng)求或征求意見，would則語氣更委婉Will you tell him the n ews as soon as he come

29、s bac?Would you please speak again more slowly四、shall should 和 ought to1. shall用于第二、三人稱表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。You shall do as I say.（命令）Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允諾）Nothing shall stop me doing it.（決心）2. 在疑問句中，用于第一、三人稱，用來表示請(qǐng)求或征求意見。Shall I open the window for you? （征求意見）Shall he fetch so

30、me water for you （請(qǐng)求）3. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與 ought to意義相近，但ought to多表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，語氣強(qiáng)烈。在疑問句中通常用should代替ought to。e.g. Young people shouldlear nhow to use computers.Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.4. should/ought to have done表示責(zé)備或批評(píng)，意為“本應(yīng)該做到 但沒有做到”， 用于否定則表示“本不該 但” ought to的語氣更強(qiáng)烈.You shou

31、ld/ought to have told her the truth earlier.Sheshouldn ' t have lefthout saying a word.五、must 和 have to1. Must用于一般問句中,肯定回答用must否定式用need n'或do n' t havet做“不必”，mustn '表示“禁止，不允許”Must I finish all assignments at a time?Yes, you must./ No, you needn't.You mustn' get down while the

32、 car is still moving.2. 表示“必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must和have to稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀看法， have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，have to能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。I don' t like this TV set. We must buy a new one.There was no more bus. They had to walk home.3. must表示對(duì)某人某事的猜測(cè)，作“準(zhǔn)是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用 must have do neYou must be the new teacher.He must

33、 be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home.4. Must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course after I gave her my advice she must go and do the opposite EXERCISES1. -There were already five people in the car bu

34、t they man aged to take me as well.-Ita comfortable journey.()A. can't beB. must n't have bee nC. should n't be D. could n't have bee n2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every oneget out.()A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to3. Petercome with us tonight, but he

35、isn' t very sure.A. must B. can C. may D. will4. - Could I call you by your first n ame?-Yes, you.A. will B. could C. can D. might5. Sorry, I ' m late. Ihave turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will6. -Excuse me, but I want to use your compute

36、r to type a report.-Youhave my computer if you don ' t take care of it.A. shan ' t B. might not C. neednD. sho'ld n 't7. With so much work on hand, youto see the game last ni ght.A. mustn ' t go B. could have goneC. shouldn ' t go D. shouldn ' t have gone8. Joh nny, youpl

37、ay with the knife, youhurt yourself. ()A. won't ; can'tB. must n't ; mayC. should n't ; mustD. can't ; would n't9.1 missed the bus, so Igo home on foot.A. mustB. mayC. canD. had to第一單元檢測(cè)一、選詞填空：worldwide/ permissi on/ apologize/ drow n/sad ness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep one ' s word/ hold one ' s breath/ set off/ remindof 1) You shouldn ' t tell such lies.2)