雅思英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義

1、雅思英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法材料 第一章謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第一講時(shí)態(tài) 一、時(shí)態(tài)表格（一）一般（現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)）般現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)肯定句式主 is/are+ 主V原/v單三+主 was/were+ 主v-ed+主 be + v-ing主 will/shall +V原主 is/are goingto V：打算一般現(xiàn)在（主將從 現(xiàn)）主 be about todo sth馬上主 will +be + doing sth 將要王 would/sh ould + v 原王 was/were going to+ V 原否定句式主is/arenot+主 don ' t/doesn ' t +V原+主 w

2、as/were not主didn' t + v原主 be + not + v- ing主 won ' t/shall not + v 原主 is/are not going to+ v 原王 Was/Were not going to+ V 原 王 would/ should not+ v 原+/疑問(wèn)句式Is/Are 主+？Do/Does 主 +v 原？Was/were 主一？Did主+v原？Be 主 v-ing+？Will/Shall 主 +v原？Is/Are 主+v 原？Would/Sh ould 主 v 原+？ Was/were 主 going to+v 原？意 義重復(fù)、

3、習(xí)慣； 狀態(tài)，客觀； 頻度，次數(shù)； 列車(chē)、航班動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；描述一 系列動(dòng)作；過(guò)去習(xí)慣將來(lái)計(jì)劃、明確安 排；預(yù)測(cè)、尚未安排、 可能；考慮打算、 事實(shí)預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)去談?wù)?將來(lái)標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)頻度副詞： always, often, rarely, usually, sometimes,yesterday；lastnight/week/month season / year； When, as soon as, after, before, until, as long as；1 hpseldom； once/twice/thago； just now；介詞+過(guò)去的tomorrow*；next ；nex

4、t ree/four+ 次 數(shù)； every evening/ day week/month/yearweek/month/season/ye ar/centuryin+表不將來(lái)的 week/month/seaso n/year時(shí)態(tài)“三字經(jīng)”：現(xiàn)在時(shí)，并不難；表重復(fù)，表習(xí)慣；表狀態(tài)，表客觀；有頻度，有次數(shù)；看主 語(yǔ)，定單三。（二）（現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)）進(jìn)行進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)肯定句 式主is/are+v-ing主 was/were +ving王 will/shall be + v- ing主would + v原主was/weregoing to+ v 原否定句 式主is/areno

5、t +v-ing主 was/were not +ving主 won ' t be + v- ing主 Was/Were not going to+ v 原主 wouldn ' t+ v 原/Is/Are 主+v- ing ？Was/were 主 +v-ing ？Will 主 be + v-ing ？Would 主+v 原？ Was/were 主 going to+v 原？意義說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā) 生的狀態(tài)；目為過(guò)去某一動(dòng) 作提供場(chǎng)景將來(lái)進(jìn)行著 的動(dòng)作；純過(guò)去談?wù)搶?lái)進(jìn)行 著的動(dòng)作前正在進(jìn)行的 工作粹的將來(lái)計(jì) 劃或安排性間 志時(shí)語(yǔ) 標(biāo)的狀now； at the moment, curre

6、ntly, presently, at present, this week month/yearwhen,while, asbythistime tomorrow-b that time； the next day（三）（現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)）完成完成現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)肯定句 式has/have+v- ed主 had+v-ed主 will have+ v- ed主 would have+ v-ed 否定句 式主 has/have not v-ed主 had not + ved主 +won ' t have+ v-ed主 wouldn ' t have+ v-ed疑式H

7、as/Have 主 +v-ed ？Had 主 +v- ed？Will主have+v-ed?Would 主 have+ v- ed？意義過(guò)去動(dòng)作持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在； 過(guò)去動(dòng)作影響 到現(xiàn)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作將來(lái)某時(shí)之 前完成的動(dòng) 作過(guò)去將來(lái)某時(shí)之前 完成的動(dòng)作性間 志時(shí)語(yǔ) 標(biāo)的利for+時(shí)間段， since+時(shí)間 點(diǎn)；Ever, never, just, already, yet； before, till now,when,assoon as, by the time ， after；nosoonerthan ，hardlywhen Before, by+ 固定時(shí)間； in+某段時(shí)間Before

8、, by+ 固定 時(shí)間；in+某段時(shí) 間（四）（現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)）完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn) 行現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)肯定句 式主 has/have been +v- ing主 had been +v-inge>e主 will have been +v-ing主 would have+ been +v-ing否定句式主 has/have not been +v- ing主 had not been+v-ing主 +won ' t have been +v_j.ng 主 wouldn ' t have been +v- ing疑問(wèn)句式Has/Have 主 been +v- in

9、g ？Had 主 been +v-ing ？Will 主 have been + v- ing ？Would 主 have been +v-ing ？意義某種狀態(tài)或動(dòng) 作持續(xù)了多久過(guò)去之前某一 動(dòng)作持續(xù)的長(zhǎng) 短或動(dòng)作本身將來(lái)某時(shí)之 前某個(gè)動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)存在 了多久過(guò)去將來(lái)某時(shí)之前 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)存在了 多久性間 志時(shí)語(yǔ) 標(biāo)的狀for+時(shí)間段， since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)for+時(shí)間段， since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)by the end of-by the end of二、基本時(shí)態(tài)演練a cure for cancer.c hasn' t found1. Science still a doesn' t

10、 findb haven' t foundd aren, t finding2. While he America, a searcheda route tothe Indies, Columbus discoveredc had searched forb was discoveringd was searching for3.Existing reserves of fossil fuel a have been run outcby 2045. is going to be run outb will have run outd have run out4. Only by in

11、vesting heavily from the present trade imbalance.in value-added exports.9.10a the country can emerge cb the country might emerge dUntil the 16" century the earth a is believedcb has been believedcan the country emergethe country emerged to be flat, believedwas believedIf the temperature

12、of the reactor meltdown would have occurred.a waswas beingb had beenhad500C higherThe lecturer said 'It' s time review.a beganb beginAfter with your tutor, a you receivingyour resultsb you would have received dYou a should haveb shouldn ' t. outThe scientistsyoushould beginareyouyouyouth

13、e experiment twice,carried outhave carried dwere prohibitedthe literaturebeginningshould make an appointmenthave receivedreceivednot once.haven, t carried outcouldn, t have carried outthe danger zone.entera to enterb enteringfrom entering三、時(shí)態(tài)改錯(cuò)1. People should act according to what they are believin

14、g.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.4. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.5. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.6. Younger drivers i

15、s more likely to be involved in a car accident.7. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二講語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在主 am/is/are + v-ed主am/is/arebeing +v-ed主 has/have been +v-ed 過(guò)去主 was/were +v-ed主 was/were being +v-ed主 had been +v- ed將來(lái)主 will be +v-edX主 will

16、have been +v-edeee將來(lái)完 成主 would be +v-edX主 would have been +ved情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞、 王can/could/may/might/shall/should/will/would/must/ have to/ought to + be + v-ed不定式to be +v-ed；to have been +ved二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用情景（一）一般說(shuō)來(lái)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者，不必說(shuō)出執(zhí)行者或含糊不清的執(zhí)行者時(shí), 多用被動(dòng)式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government rest

17、riction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, P167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists.(同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with tha

18、t children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, pl67)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, pl68)(二)在描述事件和客觀事實(shí)的時(shí)候，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, pl64)2. Demand for elec

19、tricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph.(同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart.(同上)(三)主語(yǔ)是泛指很多人或者大部分人這個(gè)方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly

20、 people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, pl62)2. It can be argued that-It is advised/believed/universallyaccepted/generally recognized that-It is said/reported/estimated that*-(四)當(dāng)上下文已經(jīng)說(shuō)明了動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.(五)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者并不重

21、要時(shí)：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.(六)需要體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，加by-短語(yǔ)：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、改寫(xiě)1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials. 可以改為：2. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find

22、 jobs after graduation.可以改為：4 .用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式完成下列句子：(1) My home (locate) in the western part of the city.(2) These funds can (give) to the poorer people to help them.(3) We (not tell) that the rules had changed.(4) Children need to (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5 .句子改錯(cuò)：(1) The house was sell

23、 for over a million dollars.(2) The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.(1) ) The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel.(4) The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.(5) Smoking don' t allow i

24、n any part of the aeroplane.(6) The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it.(7) Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.(8 ) New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6.把下面的句子改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并決定是否需要帶by-短語(yǔ)(1) A factory worker checks each

25、 box for quality.(2) The government does not permit children under 16 to work.(3) The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.(4) A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.(5) The agent has sold our house at last.(6) Something tore the back of my coat.(7) The employer pay off the

26、staff more for working at the weekend.(8) Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三講虛擬語(yǔ)氣請(qǐng)欣賞下列一首詩(shī)歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light, Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本

27、句型虛擬時(shí)間if從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 相反did/ werewould (should, could, might) do與過(guò)去事實(shí) 相反had done/ had be enwould (should, could, might) ha ve done/ been與將來(lái)事實(shí) 相反did/were to/shouId + dowould (should, could, might) do1 .與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched mo

28、re and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2 .與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3 .與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should

29、 snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him?4 .錯(cuò)綜的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1) If I were you, I wouldn, t have told that to her.(時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜：從句 現(xiàn)在，主句過(guò)去)(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now.(時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜：從句過(guò)去，主句現(xiàn)

30、在)5 .虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝可以把條件句中的if省略掉，同時(shí)把should, were, had等助動(dòng)詞提前， 構(gòu)成倒裝句。請(qǐng)把下面的句子變成倒裝虛擬條件句(1) (現(xiàn)在) If there were no air, there would be no life around the earth.(2) (過(guò) 去)If he had been older, he might have understood thisquestion.(3) (將 來(lái))If this were to happen again, you would be punishedseverely.(4)(將來(lái) + 現(xiàn)在) If

31、 you should have any questions, feel free to call me.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣一一特殊名詞性從句（從句動(dòng)詞用should + V原形）1、（動(dòng)詞后面接賓語(yǔ)從句）詞義Jian （堅(jiān) 持、建 議、推 薦）決（定）要（求）命（令）其他詞匯advise 建 議argue 主decree 裁 決 determineask要求 desire 要求command命令direct 命agree 同 意arrange 安張決意demand 要令排insist 堅(jiān)resolve求order 命intend 打持決意plead 請(qǐng)令算maintainstipulate求主張規(guī)

32、定pray懇求recommendrule裁決request建議請(qǐng)求proposebeg懇求提議suggest 建議prefer 提出urge敦促2、名詞后面接表語(yǔ)從句或者同位語(yǔ)從句JianJueYaoMingadvice建議 recommendation 建議 suggestion 建議proposal 建議 motion提議decision 決定 resolution 決定 determination 決定demand要求pray請(qǐng)求requirement 要 求propose 要求 desire要求 preference 提 出 要求command 要求order命令command 命令

33、necessity 必要性三、考試虛擬的語(yǔ)氣，真實(shí)的分?jǐn)?shù)1、聽(tīng)力中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1) Either way we would have been rewarded because we fell upon amazing, high meadows, huge gorges and wonderful snowcapped mountains. (IELTS 2, Listening)(2) I suppose if we were to do it all again, we ' d probably hire donkeys along the way. (IELTS 2, List

34、ening)(3) It is important that you know roles of the jobs. (IELTS 2, Listening)(4) And if you had to give the new directors some specific advice when they set up the channel, what advice would you give them? (IELTS 2, Listening)2、寫(xiě)作中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1) If they could raise them to be considerate of others and t

35、o be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit (IELTS 4, Writing)(2) High quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. (IELTS 4, Writing)(3) In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be

36、 taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, writing)(4) If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment they were born. (IELTS 5, writing)(5) Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor product

37、ive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent. (IELTS 7, Writing) (6) If sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. (IELTS 8

38、, Writing)(7) Long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on government using public money to construct and run efficient systems. (IELTS 8, Writing)3、思考題：Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with

39、children were more likely to be living in poverty than thoseconsisting of couples. (IELTS 5, Writing)這句是不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣？為什么第四講主謂一致一、雅思中常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞advice, advertising, food, furniture, garbage, information, knowledge, money, shopping, time, traffic, travel 等可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞對(duì)比：量可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞所有All (of)All (of)大量的Lots of/ple

40、nty of/a lot ofMany (of)Most (of)Alarge/considerable/substa ntial number ofLots of/plenty of/a lot of Much (of)Most (of)Alarge/considerable/substa ntial amount of中量Some(of)/acertainnumber ofSome of/a certain amount of幾乎沒(méi)有No/not any/none ofNo/not any/none of二、改錯(cuò)(每句話可能不止一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)1. My tutor was very helpf

41、ul； he gave me one very good advice about how to study.2. I was surprised by the number of times it took us to reach the castle.3. You need a great deal of knowledges to become a doctor.4. The informations we were given by the tour guide were not very helpful.5. When we visited the park, we were ups

42、et to see so manage garbages left there.6. We arrived late because there were so many traffic on the road.7. I can' t wait to visit the market and do a few shopping.8. The furnitures in the hotel room were quite old but they were very comfortable.第二章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第一講不定式一、verb + to do sthagree, aim, appea

43、r, arrange, attempt, be able, be likely, claim, decide, deserve, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, seem, tend, try二、verb + sb. + to do sth.Advise, allow, encourage, force, get, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn三、verb + to do sth/verb + sb. + to do sthAsk, choose, dare, expec

44、t, help, intend, need, prefer, prepare, want四、Complete these sentences from the recording by using the verbs in brackets.Listen again and check your answers.1. I decided(do) an animal management course.2. I chose (study) at Fairfield College because it' s got a good range of animals and everyone

45、' s really friendly.3. The course is only three days a week, so I ' ve already started (work) part-time at a pet shop.4. I prefer(take) time so I can get to know them.5. I don' t even mind(clean) them out.6. They have let us (treat) some minor problems, like removing splinters from paws.

46、7. The make us (handle) all kinds of animals including spiders and snakes.8. I remember (feel) really scared.9. As long as you remember (do) it the way you have been taught, it' s fine.10. Before, if I heard him(bark), I just told him (be) quiet.11. I'd really like (work) in either a zoo or

47、a safari park.第二講動(dòng)名詞 、verb + (prep.) + doing sthavoid, approve of, can' t help/resist/stand, carry on, consider, deny, don ' t mind, enjoy, feel like, finish, give up, imagine, include, insist on, involve, keep, mention, mind, practise, putt off, recommend, resist, suggest, think of/about二、v

48、erb + to do sth/verb + doing sth 意義差別不大：Attempt, begin, start, bother, continue, hate, like, love, prefer,三、verb + to do sth/verb + doing sth 意義有區(qū)別的:verb+ to do sth+ doing sthremember記得要去做某事：As long as you remember to do what you have been told, it' s fine.記得做過(guò)某事：I remember feeling really scared

49、.forget忘記要去做某事：I forgot to post my application form.忘記做過(guò)某事：I' 11 never forget meeting you that cold winter, s day.regret遺憾要做某事：I regret to tell you that I11leave.后悔做了某事：I regret telling him the truth, because he didn' t talk to me any longer.go on繼續(xù)做另一件事情：After university she went on to get

50、a job as a vet.繼續(xù)做同一件事情：She went on talking even though the film had started.stop停下來(lái)去做某事：I stopped to ask the direction.停止做某事：I' m going to stop studying for a while.try盡力做某事：I try to find out why he' s barking.嘗試做某事：She tried adding a bit more sugar but it still tasted horrible. need需要做某事：I

51、 need to mend my jeans.需要被做某事:My jeans need mending.四、特殊詞匯的使用doing sth sb to do sthadvise/al1ow/forbid/permit/encourage advise/allow/forbid/permit/encourage五、雅思1、句子改錯(cuò)doingyour homework now if you want to(1 ) I suggest you going and watch TV later.(2) My parents always made meto clean up my room when

52、 I was young.t be allowed using mobile phone in the(3) I think people shouldnJ cinema.(4) Nowadays, it is forbidden smoking in many restaurants and public areas.(5) After a lot of efforts, I finally made work my new DVD Players.(6) The police advised local residents not to leaving their windows open

53、 at night.(7) These tickets will permit you enter the museum and many things as you like it.(8) Our teacher suggested to go to the park at the end of the party. 2、根據(jù)詞的正確形式填空(1 ) Nowadays, many people want to stop (work) too hard and enjoy life.(2 ) Did you remember (buy) candles for the birthday cak

54、e?(3) The burglar tried(open) the window with a knife, but couldn, t get in.(4) Don' t forget(post) the card to your grandmother when you are away.(5) At 12 o' clock every day the builders stopped(have) a lunch break.(6) ) I will never forget (visit) the pyramids on our trip to Egypt.(7) The

55、 cook tried(add) more salt but the soup was too bland.(8) ) I remember (walk) across the road but I have no idea how I ended up in the hospital.第三講分詞一、分詞意義例子現(xiàn)在分詞：V- ing主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行developing countries； falling leaves； boiling water過(guò)去分詞：V- ed被動(dòng)/完成developed countries； fallen leaves； boiled water二、分詞的功能 （一）作表語(yǔ)意義例子現(xiàn)在分詞：V- ing表示“令 人的”， 常用來(lái)指物interesting, surprising, encouraging, disappointing, exciting, pleasing, satisfying, exhausting, pressing過(guò)去分詞：V- ed表示“感 到的”， 常用來(lái)指人interested, surprised, encouraged, disappointed, excited, pleased, satisfied, exhaus