小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語必須要掌握的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)(共14頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語必須要掌握的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以o.s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leafleaves 5不規(guī)則名

2、詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 練習(xí)、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ peach_ sandwich _

3、dish_bus_ man_ woman_ 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能 表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six oclock every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。 表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 肯定句: a. be動(dòng)詞：（有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法：我用am，你用are，is用于他，她，它,單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are.。）主語+be(am/is/are)+其他如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。b.行

4、為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）：主語+行為動(dòng)詞+其他除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動(dòng)詞原形；當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時(shí)，則在行為動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。She goes to work by bike. 她騎自行車去上班。否定句: a.主語+be(am/is/are)+not+其他如：I am not a boy.b. 主語+dont/doesnt+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其他 如：We dont study English. She doesnt go to work by bike.一般疑問句: a. Be(Am/Is/Are)+主語+其他?簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,主語

5、+ be(am/is/are).(否)No,主語+be(am/is/are)+not.如:Are you a boy?你是一個(gè)男孩嗎?(肯)Yes,I am. (否)No, Im not.b. Do/Does+主語+其他?簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does.(否)No,主語+dont/doesnt. 如: Do you study English? (肯)Yes,we do. (否)No, we dont. - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：a.

6、be動(dòng)詞：Who are you? b.行為動(dòng)詞：What do you do? How does she go to work?3.動(dòng)詞三單的變化規(guī)則（即“如何從動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)”）一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks get-gets 以o.s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,直接加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練: 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pa

7、ss_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ wash_ 二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Sat

8、urdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 1

9、4. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday

10、三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成： be+動(dòng)詞的ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式。：主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。如：We are studying.：主語+be動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。如：We arent studying.：Be動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。如：Are you studying?肯定回答：Yes+主語+be動(dòng)詞。如：Yes,we are.否定回答：No+主語+be動(dòng)詞+not。如：No,we arent.（注：is not可以縮寫成isnt，are not可以縮寫成arent，但

11、是am not在現(xiàn)代英語中不可以縮寫。）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：What are you doing?現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking think-thinking2以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞,去掉字母e，再加ing如：make-making have-having 3以重讀閉音節(jié)（重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個(gè)輔音中間夾一個(gè)元音并且重讀的音節(jié)）結(jié)尾，呈現(xiàn)“輔，元，輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing如：stop-stoppingsit-sittingrun-running4以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y，再加ingdie-dyinglie

12、-lying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)： 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ study_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )

13、some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )cloth

14、es? Yes ,she is . 四、一般將來時(shí) 一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：a. 主語+shall/will+do+其他。（will可用于所有人稱，shall只用于第一人稱I和we)如：I will go swimming tomorrow. b. 主語+begoingto+do+其他。（注意：be動(dòng)詞要與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致）如：I am going to go

15、swimming tomorrow.否定句：a. 主語+shall/will+not+do（willnot可縮寫成wont）b.主語+be+not+goingto+do如：I wont go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow.一般疑問句：a. Shall/Will+主語+do+其他？ b. Be+主語+goingto+do+其他？如：Will yougo swimming tomorrow? Are you going to go swimming tomorrow？特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Wha

16、t will you go tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?練習(xí)填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語 We _ _ _ learn English. We _ learn English. 五、一般過去時(shí) 1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如：yesterday，yesterdaymorning，yesterdayaftern

17、oon，yesterdayevening，thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），lastnight，lastweek，lastmonth，lastyear等。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2一般過去式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)： Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化： am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt） are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）肯定句: 主語動(dòng)詞過去式其他。如：I was in Shanghai last month.上個(gè)月我在上海。We went to Shanghai last month.我們上個(gè)月去了上海

18、。否定句：a主語wasnt/werent其他。如: I wasnt in Shanghai last month.b. 主語didnt動(dòng)詞原形其他。(did+not=didnt)如：We didnt go to Shanghai last month.一般疑問句: a. Was/Were+主語其他？如：Were you in Shanghai last month? b. Did主語動(dòng)詞原形其他？如：Did you go to Shanghai last month?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Where were you last month? Where did you go

19、last month? 動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed;如：looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisitvisited2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d；如：liveliveduseused3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y改為i,再加ed；如：studystudied,trytriedflyflied4以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音元音輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加ed，如：stopstoppedplanplanned 5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-d

20、id, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 練習(xí)一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式 is/am_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ put

21、 _ kick_ pass_ do _ 練習(xí)二、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. T

22、he mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 練習(xí)三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.

23、 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 六、人稱代詞和物主代詞 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey賓格meusyouyouher him itthem物主代詞形容詞性my

24、ouryouryourher his itstheir名詞mine oursyours yourshers his itstheirs 人稱代詞指代人或物，在句中作主語或賓語，所以有主格和賓格。賓格代詞用于替代處于賓語位置上的名詞，可以用作直接賓語和間接賓語。如：Iamastudent.(I主語)Pleasehelpme.(me直接賓語) Givemeabook.(me間接賓語)物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的一種代詞，亦稱所有格代詞。物主代詞有兩種形式：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞為限定詞，放在名詞或名詞短語前作定語。如：Thisismybook.名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用，后

25、面不可以再接名詞。在句子中可以作主語、賓語或表語。如:Yourpenisred.Mineisblack.你的鋼筆是紅色的,我的是黑色的。Hedidntusehisink.Heusedmine.他沒有用他自己的墨水，他用了我的。習(xí)題一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is m

26、y brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 二、用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your f

27、ather? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 七、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)（一）構(gòu)成規(guī)則1一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在后面加-er，最高級(jí)在后面加-est（1）單音節(jié)詞如：smallsmallersmallestshortshortershortest（2）雙音節(jié)詞如：clevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級(jí)后加-r，最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st如：l

28、argelargerlargestnicenicernicest 3在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音元音輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級(jí)加-er，最高級(jí)加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest4以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，把y改為i，比較級(jí)加-er，最高級(jí)加-est如：easyeasiereasiestheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiesthappyhappierhappiest5其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在前面加more，最高級(jí)在前面加most如：beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautifuldifferentmoredifferentmostdifferenteasilymoreeasilymosteasily注意：（1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞the，副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。如：TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.（2）形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示非常。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.6有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。如：goodbetterbestwell