歐洲文化常識測試英語題型

1、歐洲文化入門復(fù)習(xí)題（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman CultureGreek CultureI.填空1. European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2. Greek culture reached a high point of developmen

2、t in the 5 th century.3. In the second half of the 4 th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, king of Macedon.4. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6. Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have be

3、come the world 's foremost amateur sports competition.7. Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9. The Odyssey deals with the ret

4、urn of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island of Ithaca.10. Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readerstoday: Sappho and Pindar11. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12. Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the vi

5、ctoriesat the athleticgames, such as the 14 Olympic odes.13. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.14. Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound , Persians and Agamemnon .15. Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King , Electra ,

6、and Antigone .16. Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays asAndromache , Medea ,and Trojan Women .17. Comedy also flourished in the 5 th century B. C. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has left eleven plays, includingFrogs , Clouds , Wasps andBirds .18. Herodotus is often called Father

7、of History ”. He wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians.19. Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20. Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21. Pythagoras was the f

8、ounder of scientific mathematics.22. Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of whicheverything else had arisen.23. The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24. Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculat

9、ed about the atomic structure of matter.25. In the 4 th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics. 26. Euclid is well-known for his Elements , a textbook of geometry.27. To illustrate the principle of t

10、he level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”28. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that

11、is called the Corinthian style.29. The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years.30. In the 20 th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce'smodernist masterpiece Ulysses .II. 選擇1. Which cultur

12、e reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2. In the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200 B. C.B. 700 B. C.C. 146 B. C.D. The 5 th century3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the

13、city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6.

14、Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. Aristophanes8. Euripides9. Sophocles10. Aeschylus8. Who ever said that You can not step twice into the same river"?

15、A. PythagorasB. HeracleitusC. Aristotle9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine thatman is the measure of all things "?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. EpicurusIII.名詞解釋1. Aeschylus2. Plato3

16、. The CynicsIV.簡答與問答1. What are the major elements in European culture?2. What were the main features of ancient Greek society?3. Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write?4. Tell some of Plato 's ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?

17、5. Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature.Roman CultureI. 填空1. The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2. The Roman writer Horace said: Captive Greece took her rude

18、 conquerorcaptive3. In 27 B. C.Octavius tooksupremepoweras emperorwith the title ofAugustus.4. The Romansenjoyeda longperiod ofpeacelasting twohundred years, aremarkable phenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana.5. In the 4 th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzan

19、tium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).6. In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the West Roman Empire.7. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.8. Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the variou

20、s military campaigns he took part in and these writings, collected in hisCommentaries , are modelsof succinct Latin.9. Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, theAeneid .10. The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C. And rec

21、onstructed in the 2th century A. D.11. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.II. 選擇1. Who wrote, I came, I saw, I conquered"?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. M arcus Tullius Cicero2. The author of the philosophical poemOn the Nature of things is.A. VirgilB

22、. Julius CaesarC. Horace D. Lucretius3. Which of the following is not Roman architecture? A. The ColosseumB. The PanthenonC. The Parthenon D. Pont du Gard 4. Who wrote, Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive"?A. Sappho B. Plato C. Virgil D. H oraceIII.名詞解釋1. J ulius Caesar2. The Pax Rom

23、anaIV.簡答與問答1. What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief difference between them?2. What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is the book linked with the Greek past?3. Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?Division T

24、wo: The Bible and ChristianityThe Old TestamentI填空題1. Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the most influential in the West.2. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over w

25、ide areas.3. Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews - the Hebrews- wanderedthrough the deserts of the Middle East.4. About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms.5. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one gen

26、eration to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later intheOld Testament .6. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.7. The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which ar

27、e first five books, called Pentateuch.8. When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to the top of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.9. Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament.10. I

28、n Babylon in the 6 th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues to practise their religion.II選擇題1. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most impo

29、rtant of which are the first five books, called.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD.Pentaeuch3. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?A. Honour your father and your motherB. Do not commit suicideC. Do not desire your neighbour 's wifeD. Do not take the name of God in vai

30、n4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion?A. in 169 B.C.B. in the 4 th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6 th centurym名詞解釋1. the Bible2. the Pentateuch3. Ten CommandmentsW簡答與問答1. What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?2. Why do we say Judaism and

31、 Christianity are closely related?3. What are the Ten Commandments about?Rise of ChristianityI填空題1. At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist. 2. Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.3. Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine duri

32、ng the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus.4. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda.5. In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal.6. In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made C

33、hristianity the official religions of the empire and outlawed all other religions.7. After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spread gospel in the Mediterranean regions.n選擇題1. After the century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third2. Which ofthe f

34、ollowing emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions?A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. NeroCaesar3. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD.Constantine I4

35、. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of.A. St. PeterWycliffB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. Johnm名詞解釋1.The Edict of MilanW簡答與問答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?The New TestamentI填空題1. By 300 A.D. each local church was called a paris

36、h and had a full time leader known as priest.2. Towards the end of he fourth century four accounts were accepted as part of the New Testament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.3. When as Jesus ' mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of t

37、he Holy Ghost4. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda and caught at the Last Supper.Translations of the BibleI填空題1. Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew. And the New Testament was origin

38、ally written in a popular form of Greek.2. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, as according the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.3. The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edi

39、tion, which was done in 384- 405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people 'slanguage.4. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.5. The most important and influential of Englis

40、h Bible is theAuthorized " or KingJames ' version, first published in 1611.n選擇題1. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in languages.A.228B. 974C. 1202D. 154B. the AristeasD. the Septuagint2. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known asA. the Latin Vulg

41、ateC. the Authorized3. When printing was invented in the 1500 's, the Bible was the first complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew4. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?A. 1885B.1611C.1901D.1979Division Three: The Middle AgesManor and ChurchI填空

42、題1. In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2. Between the fifth and eleventh centuries, West Europe was the scene of frequent wars and invasions.3. The Middle Age is a period in which classical,Hebrew a

43、nd Gothic heritagemerged.4. Feudalismin Europe was mainly a system of land holding - a system ofholding land in exchange for military service.5. In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service.6. The center of medieval life under feudali

44、sm was the manor.7. By the 12 th century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made of stone and designed as fortress.8. As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code o

45、f chivalry,from which the western idea of good manners developed.9. In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mock batters called tournaments.10. After1054, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.11. The most important

46、of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who lived in North Africa in the fifth century.12. Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.13. The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he was also t

47、he head ofall Christian churches in western Europe.14. In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court-the Inquisition tostamp out so-called heresy.15. One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind people that Christ had died to redeem man.16. To express their r

48、eligious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.17. With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched a series of holy wars called the Crusades.n選擇題1. In the l

49、ater part of the 4 th century, which ofthe following tribes swept intoEurope from central Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes?A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians2. The Middle Ages is also called the.A. Age of Christianity "B. Age

50、of Literature ”C. Age of Holy Spirit "D. Age of Faith ”3. According to the code of chivalry, which ofthe following is not pledged to do for a knight?A.Tobe loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth4. In 732,

51、who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service?A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler5. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and EasternOrthodox Church?A. aft

52、er1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after4766. Which ofthe following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT true?A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight f

53、or the church.D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight.7. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe?A. At the age of14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When

54、 he was pledged to fight for the church.8. Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering the monastery according to the Benedictine Rule?A. They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.B. They could promise to give up all their possession b

55、efore entering the monastery.C. They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding themonastery.D. They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.9. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and pea

56、santsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs10. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control?A. 1270B.1254C. 1096D.1291m名詞解釋1. the Middle Ages2. Manor3.

57、Code of Chivalry4. Benedictine Rule5. the CrusadesW簡答與問答1. Who was Charles Martel?2. What was the difference between a serf and a free man?3. Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?4. What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?Learning and Science, Literature, Art and ArchitectureI填空題1. Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps the most important figure of the medieval period.2. Charlemagne was crowed Emperor ofthe Romans " by the Pope in 800.3. The Summa Theologi