八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)Unit1What’sthematter短語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總新版人教新目標(biāo)版【word版】.doc

1、Unit 1 Whats the matter13、必背短語Section A 部分1.患感冒have a cold2.胃痛have a stomachache3.喉嚨痛have a sorethroat4.背痛have a sore back5.躺下休息lie down and rest6.量體溫take one ' s temperature7.說得太多talk too much8.休息take breaks/a break9.卜車get off10.拍X光片get an X-ray11.看見某人正在做.see sb. doing12.反復(fù)考慮think twice13.期待某人去

2、做某事expect sb. to do14.使一驚訝的to one ' s surprise15.同意做某事agree to do sth.16.及時(shí)in time17.多虧，由于thanks to18.陷入困境；惹麻煩get into troubleSection B 部分1.休息幾天rest for a few days2.把一放下；低下put down3.告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do4.告訴某人/、要去做tell sb. not to do5.做某事有問題 /麻煩/困難have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth6.

3、對(duì)一感興趣be interested in7.習(xí)慣于做某事be used to doing sth8.過去常常做某事used to do sth9.冒險(xiǎn)take risks/a risk10.由于/因?yàn)?+n./pron.because of11.處于險(xiǎn)境in a dangerous situation12.處于困境in a difficultsituation13.用盡，耗光run out (of)14.準(zhǔn)備/樂于做某事be ready to do15.切除cut off16.如此以至于sothat17.以便于；為了so that/in order that18.離開；從.出來get out

4、 of19.做決定make decisions/a decision20.掌控，管理be in control of21.的重要性the importance of 22.放棄give up23.用繃帶包扎put a bandage on 24.繼續(xù)做某事keep on doing25.似乎/好像做某事seem to do【教材內(nèi)容解析】Section A1. What' s the matter ? (P. 1)What' s the matter意為 怎么了？出什么事了？ ”，常用來詢問對(duì)方遇到什么麻煩或者有 什么不順心的事，后接 with sb./sth.表示某人/某物怎

5、么了 "?？梢员硎灸阍趺戳耍?”的 句子有：.(5) .(6) .2. I have a stomachache . (P. 1)stomachache用作名詞，表示 胃疼、腹疼”，是一個(gè)復(fù)合名詞，含有后綴 ache的常見 復(fù)合詞還有：頭痛 ;牙痛 ;耳痛3. have a sore throat (P . 1)sore是形容詞，意為 疼痛的，酸痛的”可作定語或表語。常見短語：喉嚨痛：后背痛：4. lie down and rest. (P. 2)（1） . lie down 意為 躺下”?！就卣?1 lie用作動(dòng)詞可以表示 弱”或者位上”，還可以表示 撒謊”。She is lyin

6、g in bed with a bad cold. 英譯漢Beijing lies in the north of China. 英譯漢It is a bad habit to lie. 英譯漢【拓展21 lie及l(fā)ay 一詞多義原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie （躺、位于）laylainlyinglie （撒謊）liedliedlyinglay （放置、卜蛋）laid (laidlaying記憶口訣:規(guī)則撒謊，不規(guī)則躺;躺過卜.蛋，卜蛋不規(guī)則。（2） . rest此處用作動(dòng)詞，表示 休息”，rest也可以用作名詞，表示 休息”，常用的短語為 休息”：.例句：Let' s stop w

7、orking and have a rest.5. Maybe you have a fever（P . 2）maybe作副詞，表示 可能、也許"，常常放在句首，相當(dāng)于 perhaps ,可以與may be 相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. （P . 2）need作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不僅可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接名詞或者動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）作賓語。You need n

8、' t go to the meeting too early.判斷劃線詞性（）A.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；B.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞We need three more workers.判斷劃線詞性（）A.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；B.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞He doesn ' rteed to worry too much. 判斷劃線詞性（）A.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；B.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. （P .without用作介詞，表示無、沒有"，后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞，反義詞是with。They left（with）

9、 saying goodbye.（用所給詞的正確形式填空）We can' t live（with） air and water.（用所給詞的正確形式填空）8. f your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. （P. 2）本句是含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，可遵循三條原則：(1) .主將從現(xiàn)：即主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。(2) .主祈從現(xiàn)：即主句為祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。(3) .主情從現(xiàn)：即主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。翻譯句子：如果明天下雨，我將不會(huì)去公園。翻譯句子：如果

10、明天不下雨，我們會(huì)去野餐。翻譯句子：如果你不擅長英語，你可以向老師尋求幫助。9. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P . 3)(1) . see sb. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)所看到的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。翻譯：I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.(2) . see sb do sth 看到某人做了或經(jīng)常做某事。翻譯：I often see her dance in the park.10. The bus driver.sto

11、pped the bus without thinking twice . (P. 3)(1) . think twice意為再三考慮、權(quán)衡利弊翻譯： You should think twice before you make the final decision.【拓展】think的相關(guān)短語think about思考、考慮 ；think of想起、認(rèn)為；think over仔細(xì)考慮11. He got off and asked the woman what happened . (P. 3)(1) . get off意為 下車”，反義詞是get on上車”。翻譯：Before getti

12、ng off the bus, you should take care.(2) . happen表示發(fā)生”的時(shí)候，作不及物動(dòng)詞，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：sth. happens to sb.某“ 人發(fā)生了某事翻譯： An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P . 3)have to表示必須、不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必須，must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必須。翻譯： We have to walk home because the

13、car has broken down. 翻譯：We must study hard.13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off andwait for the nextbus. (P . 3)(1) expect的常見用法：expect to do sth. 期待做某事翻譯：The fans are expecting to see the football star.expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事翻譯：The man expects his son to pass the exam succes

14、sfully.(2) wait的常見用法：wait for sb./sth.等待某人或者某事”翻譯： We are waiting for the result of the exam.wait to do sth.等待做某事”翻譯： All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.can' t wait to do sth.迫不及彳寺做某事”翻譯：The children can ' t wait to rush out after the class is over.14. But to his surprise , the

15、y all agreed to go with him. (P . 3) agree with sb. 同意某人翻譯：I can ' t agree with you more. agree to sth. 同意某事翻譯：Do you agree to the plan?agree on sth.在某事上達(dá)成一致意見翻譯：They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. agree to do sth. 同意做某事翻譯：Her parents don ' t agree to marry嫁)their daughter to th

16、e man.15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctorsin time . (P. 3)(1) . thanks to表示多虧、由于"，后接名詞或代詞，作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于because of 翻譯：Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.(2) .in time及時(shí)力雖調(diào)正好趕上事先約定的時(shí)間，沒有遲到。翻譯：I am just in time for the plane.【拓展】on time按時(shí)

17、”指按計(jì)劃做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)不遲到，不早不晚。翻譯： Please hand in your homework on time.16. It ' sad that many people don' twant to help others because they don' t want any trouble, " says one passenger. (P. 3) 本句是“It論形容詞+that從句”，句中的it作形式主語，代替真正的主語that從句。翻譯：It is important that we should protect the environme

18、nt.other:意為 別的、其它的”，常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。the other:表示 兩者中另一個(gè)”，是特指；the other之后也可以加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，特指 其它的”。another: 表示 主者中另一個(gè) ”。others:用作代詞，泛指其他的人或物”是復(fù)數(shù)概念。the others:特指在一個(gè)整體中的其余的人或物(全部)”。翻譯： We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.翻譯：There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.翻譯

19、： You should think of others.翻譯：There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others areboys.17. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P . 3)hit表示撞擊、打擊”，表示打某人某個(gè)部位”時(shí)用“hit sb.介詞(on, in) +the+身體部 位”，若打的部位較硬用on,打的部位較軟用in。翻譯：The man hit the little boy in the face.1

20、8. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away . (P. 3)right away 意為 立刻、馬上”，相當(dāng)于 at once 或者 right now。Section B1. Someone felt sick . (P. 5)sick用作形容詞，意為 生病的、有病的”，可以作定語或者表語，而 川表示生病的”， 只能用作表語。I have to look after my sick grandpa. 問：sick 在止匕處作 語。The old woman is seriously

21、 sick/ill. _ 問：川 在此處作 語。2. have problems breathing (P. 6)have problems (in) doing sth. 意為做某事有問題/麻煩”，相當(dāng)于：have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 。翻譯： She has problems (in) riding a bike.3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks . (P. 6)(1) . as用作介詞，表示 作為、身為"。As a student, you should

22、 study hard.(2) . 辨析： used to do sth ； be used to do sth ； 與 be /get used to doing sthused to do sth.過去常常做某事記憶口訣：used to do常常過；be used to do被用做；be used to doing 習(xí)慣做be used to do sth.被用來做某事be /get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事翻譯：The boy used to play computer games.翻譯： More and more wood (木材) is used to ma

23、ke paper.翻譯：His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.(3) risk表示1r險(xiǎn)時(shí)”，既可以作名詞，也可以作動(dòng)詞，作名詞常和動(dòng)詞take連用，take a risk冒險(xiǎn)”；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.翻譯：4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his lifebecause of acc

24、idents.(P. 6)because of意為因?yàn)?，由?quot;，后跟名詞短語。在句中常和because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語 從句連用，不過because后面跟句子。翻譯： We can' go out because it rains heavily.=We can' go out because of the heavy rain.例題： Did you have a sports meeting yesterday?No, we didn ' t. It was put off the heavy rain.A. Instead of B. because of

25、 C. as forD. across from5. But when his water ran out , he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life . (P. 6)(1) run out意為用盡、用完”，后接賓語時(shí)，需要加上介詞 of。翻 譯 ： They ran out of their money.(2)動(dòng)詞不定式短語to save his own life 在句子作目的狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的目的狀 語可位于句首，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，也可以位于謂語動(dòng)詞之后。翻 譯： To learn Japanese

26、, she went to Japan.翻 譯 ： You should work hard to get good grades.6. He was not ready to die that day. (P . 6)be/get ready for sth.為“做準(zhǔn)備”The students are reviewing ( 復(fù)習(xí))lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.翻譯：be/get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事、樂意做某事”The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trou

27、ble.翻譯：so that he would not losetoo7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself much blood. (P . 6)(1) so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，用以說明主句動(dòng)作的目的，可以與 in order that互換, 從句經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示 能夠的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”，如can, could, may, might, will, would 等。翻譯： We started early so that we could catch the first train.翻譯：He studies hard so that

28、he could find a good job in the future.翻譯： We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2) too much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞或者動(dòng)詞，much too用來修飾形容詞或者副詞翻譯：There is too much pollution today.翻譯：The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.8. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Betwee

29、n a Rock and a Hard Place (P. 6)called此處為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，意為 被稱為、被叫作"，與named同義。翻譯：This is a book named/called Journey to the West .翻譯：The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.9. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. (P .6)seem 用作系動(dòng)詞，表示 似乎、好像”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有： seem+a

30、dj./to be/that+ 句子。翻譯：The story seems true.翻譯： What he said seemed to be a lie.翻譯：It seems that they are going to work all weekend.10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions , and of being in control of one' s life. (P 6)(1) make a decision 或者 make decisions 表示 做出決定”

31、。翻譯：他們期待你來做出決定。(2) in control of意為 控制、管理”。翻譯：Who is in control of the project ( 項(xiàng)目)？(3) . the importance of sth/doing sth. (做)某事的重要性翻譯： Most students don ' t know the importance of studying hard.is so great that he kept on climbing .6)so是副詞，與形容詞連用。具結(jié)構(gòu)是：”.sot say a word.11. His love for mountain

32、climbing mountains even after this experience. (P (1)在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中, +形容詞(副詞)+ that +從句”。翻譯：He was so glad that he couldn翻譯：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.翻譯： Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.(2) . keep on doing sth.意為 繼續(xù)做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)或者重復(fù)做某事。例旬： You should

33、n ' t kep on thinking about it.12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn 'mtind taking risks. (P . 7) mind doing sth. 介意做某事翻譯： Would you mind opening the window please?m mind sb ' s/sb doing sth.介意某人做某事翻譯： Do you mind my/me calling you at night?13. Aron did not give up after the acciden

34、t and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P .7)give up表示放棄”，后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語。翻譯： Don't give up your dream easily.翻譯： He has given up playing computer games.【語法講解】（一）should 和 shouldn't 表示建議1. Should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)"，否定式為shouldn t其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無 人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。翻譯：你應(yīng)該喝加有蜂蜜的熱水。 翻 譯： H

35、e should put his head back翻譯：你不應(yīng)該看 電視。2. Should用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。翻 譯： 我 應(yīng) 當(dāng) 給 它 敷 上 藥 嗎？翻譯：我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎？ 【拓展】在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有： Would you like （to do） sth . ?你想要/愿意（做）某事嗎？翻譯：你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？ Shall I/we do sth ?我/我們做,好嗎?翻譯：明天我們?nèi)?dòng)物園，好嗎？ Why not do sth ? 為什么不呢？翻譯： 為什么不給她量下體溫呢？ How/What ab

36、out doing sth ? 做某事怎么樣？翻譯： 去游泳怎么樣？Let' s do sthU我們做吧。翻譯： 咱們回家吧。You d better (not) do sth 你最好(不)要做某事。翻譯：你最好不要獨(dú)自去那兒。(二)反身代詞1 反身代詞可以用作一些動(dòng)詞(短語)或介詞的賓語，此時(shí)， 句子的主語和賓語必須同一個(gè)人或物。(1) . We must look after ourselves and keep fit 我們必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。(2) . She often buys herself nice clothes 她經(jīng)常為自己買漂亮的衣服。(3) . Don t think too much of yourself!別過多地為自己考慮!2 反身代詞在句中還可以用作主語或賓語的同位語，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，表示 “親自、 本人、本身 ”等意思。但反身代詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語。如：(1) . I do