高考名詞性從句講解及習(xí)題

1、高考名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)一.考綱解讀1. 掌握名詞性從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)以及在句子中的作用；2. 掌握名詞行從句不同連接詞；3. 弄清名詞性從句與定語從句及狀語從句的區(qū)別。掌握名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、意義和功能。1. whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句的用法。2 .以what、where、why、how等引導(dǎo)的主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句的用法。3 .區(qū)別并掌握主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中what和that的用法。4 .抽 象 名 詞 news, fact, order,idea,promise,message,hope,opinion,impr

2、ession, evidence,belief,conclusion, possibility, story, doubt 等后所接的同位語從句。三.考點及命題趨勢考點： 1.名詞性從句考察重點是連接詞的選用2. 名詞性從句與其他從句的區(qū)別命題趨勢：名詞性從句重點考查基礎(chǔ)知識在語境中的運用，尤其是what,whether,thatwh-ever,where 等引導(dǎo)的各類名詞性從句四.知識框架種類作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句主語從 句在復(fù)合句中做主語，相當(dāng)于名 詞，一般置謂語之前，也可用 it作形式主語，主語從句放主 句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who,

3、 whose, which, how,when,where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesn ' t matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.表語從 句在復(fù)合句中做表語，相當(dāng)于名 詞，位于系動詞之后It looks as if it is going to snow.賓語從 句在復(fù)合句中做賓語，相當(dāng)于名 詞He asked me which team could win the game.同位語 從句放在名t之后(news

4、, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact 等)表明其 具體內(nèi)容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.五.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that （無任何詞意）whether,if （均表示是否“表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if ,as though （均表示 好像"，似乎"）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever

5、, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever 連接副詞： when, where, how, why不可省略的連詞：1.介詞后的連詞2.引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.Whether he will come is not clear.六.主語從句1.概念和引導(dǎo)詞作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。 主語從句通常由從屬連詞 that, whether, if和連接代詞 what, who, wh

6、ich , whatever, whoever 以及連接副詞 how, when, where, why 等詞引導(dǎo)。 that 在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been a

7、nnounced.2,主語從句不缺成分用that引導(dǎo)主語從句That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.That he loves the dog is certain.=It is certain that he loves the dog.3. it作形式主語有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語 it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。It作形式主語的常見句型：(1) It + be + 名詞(pity, shame, wonder news etc) + that 從句(should + V)(2) It

8、+ be + 形容詞 (necessary, important, strange, easy etc)+ that從句 (should) +V(3) It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (suggested, advised, ordered, requested, insisted etc) + that 從句(should + V)(4) It +be+動詞的過去分詞(said, reported, believed etc)+that 從句(5) It + 不及物動詞(seem, occur, happen, remain) + that 從句(should+V) It is a pi

9、ty that you didn't win the game.It is no wonder that he looks like his mother .It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.It is necessary that you should learn something here.It is said that he had gone abroad. It doesn't matter whether you like it It d

10、oes matter that you like it4 .單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作 主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. What he said has nothing to do with me.What he said and what he did have nothing to do with me.5 .主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況(1) if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。(2) It is said , (reported)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo w

11、ill visit our school next week. ( V)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ()x(3) It happens ，It occu飾構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ( V)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ()x(4) It doesn ' t matter how/whethe構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提

12、前。例如：It doesn ' t matter whether he is wrong or not.)(Whether he is wrong or not doesn' t matter. ( x )(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? ( a/)Is that will rain in the evening likely? ()x七.賓語從句1 .定義和引導(dǎo)詞 名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在

13、句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。(1)作動詞的賓語a.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?，例如：I heard that be joined the army.b.由what, whether (if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.c.動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介詞的賓語例如： Our su

14、ccess depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.(3)作形容詞的賓語例如：I am afraid (that) I ' ve made kem istaThat引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, sati

15、sfied, content 等。也可以斗各止匕 類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語從句。2 .由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(1)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式 的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：e.g. She told me (that) she would accept my invitation.2 2) 在 demand、order、suggest decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用

16、“(should) +動詞原形”。例如：e.g. I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。(3)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般不能從當(dāng)介詞的賓語，但可以作except, but, besides, in的賓語e.g. He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.3 .用 who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, wh

17、ichever 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：e.g. I want to know what he has told you.4 . it作形式賓語(1)如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則必須用 it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置，并且that也不能省略。e.g. We make it clear that we can do it well.(2)除了 except, but, besides, in等介詞，其他介詞后要用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語從句后置。e.g. You may depend on it that I shall always

18、help you.(3) 動詞 think, believe, consider, suppose it +adj.+ 從句 e.g. I think it important that we learn English.(4)表示情感類的動詞like, hate, appreciate等動詞后的賓語從句用it作形式主語。e.g. I appreciate it that you can help me with my English.5 .think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到?/p>

19、句中。e.g. We don' t think you are here.注意：hope不可以否定前移。e.g. I hope that they won't run into the trouble.6 .注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用 不同時態(tài)。例如：e.g. I know (that) he studies English every day.(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)I know (that) he studied English last term.(從句用一般過去時)I know (that) he will study En

20、glish next year.(從句用一般將來時)I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)(could, would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)如一般過去時， 過去進行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用 現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：e.g. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .7 .后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞這類動詞有 Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, for

21、ce, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g. I admire their winning the match. ( V) I admire that they won the match. ( )x8 .不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可用于動詞+間接賓語+ that從句 結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse,impress, forgive, blame, denounce,

22、advise, congratulate 等。e.g. He impressed the manager as an honest man. (/)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. ( )x八.表語從句1 .表語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。一般放在主句的謂語動詞(連系動詞)之后，引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞 that, whether, as if/though , because;代詞 who, what, which;副詞 when, where, how, why 等。2 .系動詞表系動詞種類列舉狀態(tài)系動詞be持續(xù)系動詞ke

23、ep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand表象系動詞seem, appear, look感官系動詞feel, smell, sound, taste變化系動詞become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run終止系動詞prove, turn out表達"變成"，"證實"3.其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 +系動詞+ that從句。例如：e.g. The fact is that we have lost the game.事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。That' s just what I wan

24、t.這正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。That is why he didn ' t come to the meeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。4 .當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because Because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，用于：that/this is because 例如：e.g. The reason why he was late was that he missed the trai

25、n by one minute this morning .This is because he missed the train by one minute.5 .whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。e.g. The question is whether you should accept the invitation. 九.同位語從句1 .概念：同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、 demand、 doubt、 fact、 hope、 idea、 information、 messa

26、ge news、order、 problem> promise> question> request suggestion、 truth> wish、 word 等抽象。e.g. The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。2 .引導(dǎo)詞的注意點：(1)

27、連詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用，在中不作成分，但也不能省。e.g. There is no doubt that he won the game .(2) whether, how, what, who ,where, etc 也可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句 e.g. I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan.1 gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.十.That與what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時的區(qū)別That和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但that是連接詞，本身無詞義

28、，僅起連接作用，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分。連接詞 that引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句時不能省略。但在非 正式英語中，當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作賓語或表語時，that可以省略。What是連接代詞，不僅引導(dǎo)名詞行從句，而且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，如主語、賓語或表語，不能 省略。e.g. That he stole a bike was true.The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.H一. Whether和if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別：1. whether和if均可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，常可互換。但從句中有or not時，從句作介詞

29、以及discuss的賓語時，賓語從句中只能用whether連接。e.g. He asked me if/whether I could attend the meeting.I don ' t care about whether you have money or not.2. 在主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中只能用whether 連接，不用if。e.g. Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.3. Whether 常與 or 連用表示一種選擇，但if 不能這么用；whether 也可以與動詞不定式

30、連用，但 if 不能。e.g. I haven t decided whether to go or not.4. whether 可引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，而if 不能。e.g. Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.十三 .doubt 用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用 whether/if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。e.g. We doubt wheth

31、er/ if he can win the game.I m not sure whether they will come or not.十四 . wh-ever 與“ no matter + 疑問詞”的區(qū)別wh-既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句由可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而“ no matter +疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。e.g. Whatever I said, he wouldn t listen to.= No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to.（ 讓步狀語從句）He would believe Whatever I said. （ 賓語從句）

32、另外，在whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever 中，ever 起強調(diào)作用，意為“究竟，到底”。e.g. Wherever have you been? 你究竟去哪里了？十五 . 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1. 從意義上講，同位語從句是對名詞加以補充說明，定語從句是對名詞性進行修飾限定。2. 從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，同位語從句一般由連接詞引導(dǎo)，定語從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。3. 從內(nèi)涵上講，同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系，定語從句所限定的名詞時從句的邏輯主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。4. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞不可省略，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語時?？墒÷?。5. 同位

33、語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞，而定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞則沒有限制。e.g. The news that won the match is true. （同位語從句）The news that you told us yesterday is true.（ 定語從句）十四 . 高考真題1. （ 2010，江蘇）I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats I don t agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how

34、 C. when D. what解析： A 句意：在周日，我更喜歡整天待在屋里聽音樂。那就是我不同意的地方，你應(yīng)該過一種更加積極的生活。本題考查表語從句。agree 為不及物動詞，其后不能直接加賓語，故排除what; when 表時間，how 表示方式，where 表示具體地點或抽象地點。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用where 引導(dǎo)表語從句。2. Before the sales start, I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season.A. that B. what C. how D. which解析： B 句意：在購物之前，我先

35、列一張孩子們在下個季節(jié)所需要的東西的清單。本題考查賓語從句。本題中，賓語從句缺少賓語，且表示“物”，故用 what 引導(dǎo)。3. （ 2010，北京）some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How解析： B 句意：一些人認(rèn)為是劣勢的東西而另外許多人則會把它當(dāng)作優(yōu)勢。本題考查主語從句。從句中謂語動詞regard 后面缺少賓語，應(yīng)用what 來作賓語并引導(dǎo)從句。4. （ 2010, 全國）Have you finished the book? No.

36、 I ve read up to the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where解析： D 句意：你讀完那本書了嗎？沒有，我已經(jīng)讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密山東的地方了。本題考查賓語從句作介詞賓語。賓語從句中不缺少主語或賓語，故排除A, B, C 三項。5. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestionshad used the products.A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which解析

37、： A 句意：為提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，我們向用過此產(chǎn)品的人征求意見。本題考查名詞性從句。這里 whoever （=anyone who）引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而且在從句中作主語。who引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“誰”，故被排除；whichever 表選擇；which 指“哪一個”。6. （ 2009，江蘇）Many young people in the West are expected to leavecould be life s mostimportant decision marriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. whom C. which D. what解析

38、： D 句意： 許多西方年輕人都期望把人生最重要的決定婚姻 幾乎都?xì)w因為運氣。句中 what could be life s most important decision marriage 作 leave 的賓語。 what 在賓語從句中既起連接詞的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)主語。7. （ 2009，安徽）A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home rightbefore I left for Beijing.A. how B. whom C. when D. which解析： C 句意：在我正要動身去北京前，我幼時的一個號朋

39、友來我家里了。從句意分析，選擇when 表示從我出生時就是我的一個好朋友。8. It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. whichC. whether D. that解析： D 句意：顯然，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該為他們的未來做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。that 引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不作句子任何成分，It 是形式主語。9. （ 2009，陜西）The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. whoB. whomever C

40、. no matter who D. whoever解析： D 句意：指南類的書堆想從事這項工作的任何人都會有幫助。本題考查賓語從句。首先排除C 項， no matter who 只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句；who 表特指；whomever 與 whoever 同樣可以表示任何人，但設(shè)空處需作并與從句的主語，所以排除B 。10. （ 2009， 江西） The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer andwarmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though解析： C 句意：近些年來全球氣候不斷變暖，這一事實使得許多科學(xué)家感到擔(dān)憂。本題考查同為語從句。同位語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故選用連詞that。名詞性從句練習(xí)1. Watch out! 無論誰被轉(zhuǎn)smoking here shall be fined at once. （caught）2. 校長親自參加the open ceremony gav