英國部分復習題

1、F i l lint h eb l a n k s1. At about 3000 BC, some of theIberians settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, theRoman'sbuilt Hadrian 's Wall.3. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.4. John signed the document in 1215, which i

2、n history was called the Great Charter or Magna Carta5. Along with the Normans came theFrench language.English Church was strictlynational .8. Mary I re-established for which she was calledCatholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, “Bloody” Mary.6. The Wars of the Roses broke out betweentwo pa

3、rties of nobles7. After the Reformationthe RomanCatholicChurch was international, the9. “Renaissance ” means “ rebirth ”, i.e. Europe rediscovering itsorigins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.10. During the Civil Wars (1642 - 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheadswhile th

4、e supporters of the King Charles I were called Cavaliers .11. The first two parties appeared in England were the Tory and the Whig.12. "God Save the Queen" is the nationalanthem of Britain.13. London, the capital of the United Kingdom is situatedon the ThamesRiver near its mouth.14. The is

5、land of Great Britain is divided into three parts:Scotland inthe north, England in the south and Wales in the southwest.15. The capital of Scotland isEdinburgh which is well-known for its natural beauty.16. The ancestors of the English and the founder of England were the Anglo-Saxons.17. Wales in Br

6、itain is called“Land of Princes ”18. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center ofLondon, was built by William the conqueror .19. Big Ben is a famous clock in London.20. In Britain, the official head of state is theQueenwhile the realcenter of political life is inthe House of Com

7、mons.21. From 1979 to 1997, Conservative Party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long time.22. The two oldest universities in Britain areOxford and Cambridge.23. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was afeudal civil war.24The Cabinet of the Opposition Party in Britain is known

8、 as theshadowcabinet.25There are two major parties in the UK:Conservative Party , and LabourParty26The Commonwealth was believed to be set up as a forum for continuedcooperation and as a sort of supportnetwork .27. The three most important religions in the world are: Buddhism Muslin Christianity28.

9、Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen,theHouse of Commonsand the House of Lords .29. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as aworld warbecause it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted4 years.30. Middle English was formed after the Norman Conquest, the Middl

10、eEnglish consisted of 3 parts:old English, French, Latin .31. Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally fromthe age of 5 to 16 .32. The Christmas Pantomime is a comical musical play enjoyed by adults and children during Christmas time. It has two main characters:theprincipal boy

11、 and the Dame.1. the Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.2. the Civil WarCaused by a dispute over the power of the king against Parliament, the civil war

12、broke out in the 17th century.The Civil War was also called the English Bourgeois Revolution. The Republican “ roundheads”, led by Oliver Cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of Parliament. The king was supported by most Catholic and feudal Lords, they were called Roya

13、lists. The Royalists were defeated and King Charles I was executed in 1649.1. Magna CartaThis is a medieval Latin name meaningGreat CharterIn 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant then a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits

14、on the king ' s ability to abuse his royal power. This is regarded as Britain 's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.2. the Bill of Rights of 1689In 1688, King James II 's daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities

15、to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. After this Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.3. Christianity: Christianity refers to all doctrines andreligious groups based on

16、 the teaching of Jesus Christ.It was founded in the 1st century in Palestine. Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God, and his teaching is contained in the Bible, the holy book of Christianity. In Europe, Christianity is divided into three major groups, Roman Catholic Church, Protes

17、tantChurch and Orthodox Eastern Church.4. The Hundred Years ' War:The Hundred Years ' War was not one war, but a series of intermittentwars between France and England. It lastedintermittently on from 1337 to 1453. It was started by England and was fought entirely in France. At last English w

18、as completely defeated and driven from France except the port of Calais. The war ended in 1453.5. Renaissance: “Renaissance” is a French word that means rebirth. Italian scholars first used the word in the mid-16th century to express the rediscovery of ancient Romanand Greek culture. But modernSchol

19、ars use it to mean the great variety of changes which Europe underwent politically, economically and culturally between 1450and 16006. Humanism:The mainstream of Renaissance. It stressed that men could achieve wonders through their own efforts. Passive endurance of poor life (as was advocated by the

20、 church) was no longer valued. It believed that man had the right to enjoy the beauty of this life and strive to enrich it.7. causes for the relative decline of Great Britain:There are four reasons for the relative economic decline since 1945: Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance t

21、he war; British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained independence. Andthe author also believes that Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during the process of de-colonization and that Britain also lacked the investment in modern equipment and

22、 new products.8. grammar schoolsIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called “ the 11-plus ”. Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather tha

23、n the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.9. Puritanism: Puritan is one sect of protestant. Puritansbelieve: Everyone must work hard, spend little and invest for more business. Working hard and living a moral life were their e

24、thics. They regarded Bible to be the authority of their doctrine. To be able to read the Bible and understand God's will, education was essential forPuritans.10. Industry Revolution: The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and econom

25、ic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. (1750-1850) which transformed Britain from a rural and agricultural country into a mainly urban and manufacturing one.11. A Civil Rights MovementA Civil Rights Movementin Northern Ireland started in the 1960s by Catholics who ofte

26、n marched in the streets and fought for equality. As the Protestants were the majority, they controlled the local parliament and used that power to support their own economic and social dominance in Northern Ireland. Catholics found it difficult to get jobs or to benefit from social programs such as

27、 public housing. Therefore, they began the Civil Rights Movement so as to get their right.12. ShadowCabinet: the work of each Minister is always under observation of an unofficial“cabinet ” formed byOpposition. It was called “Shadow Cabinet ”. If the Opposition won, the shadow cabinet may become Cab

28、inet.13. Romanticism Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers ofromantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and

29、Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry 's “Declaration of Independence. ” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel.Questions:1. English language is the widely used nowadays, and may be called the world 's most important language. Please explain the reason.2. Why Britain started Industrial Revolution first inBritain in