高中一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)選修5第三單元語(yǔ)法

1、M5u3 Grammar and usageVerb-ed formVerb-ed phrasesVerb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectivesLiu Xiang is a player _(love) by many thousands of fans. Unluckily ,he got _(injure) in the game,in2012 London Olympics. The _ (surprise) news got across to the world and his fans were _ (disappoint) to see it，bu

2、t they still wished him a happy life.lovedinjuredsurprisingdisappointed注意過(guò)去分詞做注意過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)的位置的位置 a broken windowa polluted river a lighted candle一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭一個(gè)醉鬼一個(gè)醉鬼a drunken/ drunk man一、一、 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 1.1.前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)歸納歸納1 1：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的名詞名詞_。之前之前1.【2012湖南湖南】23. Time, _

3、correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use2.（2011福建卷）福建卷）Tsinghua University, _ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B. founding C. founded D. to be foundeda woman_ (穿著白色衣服的穿著白色衣服的)dressed in white a picture _(齊白石畫(huà)的齊白石畫(huà)的)painted by Qi Baishi一、一、 過(guò)去分

4、詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 2.2.后后置定語(yǔ)置定語(yǔ)歸納歸納2 2：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定作定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)，通常通常放在被修放在被修飾的名詞飾的名詞_。之后之后The functions of verb-ed form1. attribute(定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)) 當(dāng)當(dāng)V- ed 在句中放在在句中放在名詞前或名詞后名詞前或名詞后修飾名修飾名詞，功能上相當(dāng)于詞，功能上相當(dāng)于adj，其作用相當(dāng)于其作用相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從定語(yǔ)從句句We should drink boiled water.We should drink water which has been boiled.They took the injured wo

5、man to the nearby hospital at once.They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.The firemen were tryi

6、ng to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.2) v-ed短語(yǔ)放在名詞短語(yǔ)放在名詞之后，功能上相當(dāng)于之后，功能上相當(dāng)于adj，可用，可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，其作用相當(dāng)于其作用相當(dāng)于非限定非限定性定語(yǔ)從句性定語(yǔ)從句。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, atte

7、nded by one thousand students, was a success. The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. 3) 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，及物動(dòng)詞形及物動(dòng)詞形成的過(guò)去分詞是表被動(dòng)意成的過(guò)去分詞是表被動(dòng)意義（義（passive meanings ），而不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞而不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是表主動(dòng)意義但動(dòng)作已經(jīng)是表主動(dòng)意義但動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成（完成（active and past meanings） 。the escaped criminalpastthe develope

8、d countriespasta widely used languagepassivethe retired scientistpast4) Adv./ n. 可放在過(guò)可放在過(guò)去分詞前，構(gòu)成去分詞前，構(gòu)成復(fù)合復(fù)合詞詞a so-called professora highly-respected professora well-paid job一個(gè)所謂的教授一個(gè)所謂的教授極受尊重的教授極受尊重的教授報(bào)酬頗豐的工作報(bào)酬頗豐的工作handmade furniture手工制作的家具手工制作的家具a newly-married couple一對(duì)新婚夫婦一對(duì)新婚夫婦2. v-ed用在用在系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 (

9、link-verbs)之后，之后，作作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(predicative)系動(dòng)詞的分類：系動(dòng)詞的分類：“似乎類似乎類”：“感覺(jué)感覺(jué)類類”： “變成變成類類”：“仍然仍然類類”：基本形式基本形式：be( am, is, are)seem, appear, lookfeel, sound, smell, tastebecome, go, get, grow, fall, turnremain, stay, keep1.My grandfather was delighted to hear I passed my exams.2. Edison became interested in scienc

10、e when he was very young.3. The little boy looked very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.1.They were _ to hear the _ news. (delight)2. The teacher announced the _ news with an _voice. (excite)delighteddelightingexcitedexcitingV-ing 與與V-ed 作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別歸納歸納:V-ing 表示表示“令人令人 的的”，說(shuō)明，說(shuō)明的

11、是的是邏輯主語(yǔ)本身的特性邏輯主語(yǔ)本身的特性；V-ed 表示表示“人（感到）人（感到）的的”：（：（1）往往指）往往指人的心理感受人的心理感受；（2）說(shuō)明的是）說(shuō)明的是邏輯主語(yǔ)因受外界邏輯主語(yǔ)因受外界的影響的影響而起的變化而起的變化區(qū)別區(qū)別 3.There was a _ (surprise) look on his face.surprised4. When he looked at the _ problem, he had a _(confuse) expression on his face.confusingconfused注意注意：有些動(dòng)詞如：有些動(dòng)詞如surprise，confus

12、e，worry，embarrass，frighten等常用過(guò)去分詞來(lái)等常用過(guò)去分詞來(lái)修飾人的修飾人的表情，聲音表情，聲音等等an embarrassed look2.2.表示表示“感覺(jué)流露感覺(jué)流露”的一些過(guò)的一些過(guò)去分詞去分詞(如如:surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過(guò)和一些過(guò)去分去分詞詞(如如dressed, drunk, well-known)常用作常用作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ),表示表示狀態(tài)狀態(tài).其中有些其中有些僅表示狀態(tài)僅表示狀態(tài),毫毫無(wú)被動(dòng)意無(wú)被動(dòng)意味。味。 She was very disappointed to hear the result.

13、 Hes quite experienced in teaching math. be dressed in be interested inbe worried aboutbe absorbed in短語(yǔ)積累短語(yǔ)積累A. The library is closed. B. The library is closed at six.C. The library is closed by the teacher.3.區(qū)別：區(qū)別：“ 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”是是系表結(jié)系表結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)還是還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）歸納：歸納：1.1.

14、系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系，此此時(shí)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。形容詞。歸納：歸納：2.2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示表示主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者為動(dòng)作的承受者，強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。后面常后面常跟跟byby短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示；有來(lái)表示；有具體的時(shí)間具體的時(shí)間，表示當(dāng)，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的動(dòng)作。時(shí)的動(dòng)作。 1) I had my hair cut yesterday.1.在使役動(dòng)詞后面在使役動(dòng)詞后面make, get, have +賓賓+賓補(bǔ)（賓補(bǔ)（v-ed）3. Past participles used as the Object Com

15、plement (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2) The teacher spoke slowly and clearly to make himself understood.2.2.在感觀動(dòng)詞后面做在感觀動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)see, hear, feel, watch, notice ,find+ 賓賓+賓補(bǔ)（賓補(bǔ)（v-ed）She found the door locked.1) 她發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)鎖上了。她發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)鎖上了。 2) We saw the thief .我們看見(jiàn)小偷被警察抓住我們看見(jiàn)小偷被警察抓住了。了。 caught by the policeI saw her into the clas

16、sroom.(正進(jìn)入教室正進(jìn)入教室come）I saw her into the classroom.（進(jìn)了教室進(jìn)了教室come）I saw her the classroom.（被帶出教室被帶出教室take out of）comingcometaken out of過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞, 不定式不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別補(bǔ)的區(qū)別: 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)與賓語(yǔ)之強(qiáng)調(diào)與賓語(yǔ)之間的間的 關(guān)系，關(guān)系，不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的的 ，現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)與賓語(yǔ)之間的與賓語(yǔ)之間的 關(guān)關(guān)系，系，正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行。被動(dòng)被動(dòng)全過(guò)程全過(guò)程主動(dòng)主動(dòng)1.【2012四川四川

17、】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash2.（2011浙江卷）浙江卷）14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost3.【2012浙江浙江】11. “Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers.A.to be reserved B. having reserved C.