高考英語語法專題-名詞

1、高考英語語法專題復習知識要點：一、名詞的種類：1、專有名詞：1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠詞）2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，要加定冠詞。）2、普通名詞：1）不可數(shù)名詞注意：不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加a(an)則使之具體化了。如：have a wonderful time. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 不可數(shù)名詞一般無復數(shù)形式。

2、部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時，可用復數(shù)形式。如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows| | | 各種各樣的魚 各種報紙 河湖、海水 積雪 有些抽象名詞也常用復數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如：times時代，works著作，difficulties困難 在表數(shù)量時，常用“of”詞組來表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper.2）可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞除用復數(shù)形式表一類之外，一般都要加冠詞：A birdcaufly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Veg

3、etables sold at this shop are usually fresh.有復數(shù)形式：a）規(guī)則變化加“s”或“es”（與初中同，略）b）不規(guī)則變化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)注意：c）單、復數(shù)同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一種魚）。如， a sheep, two she

4、ep d）只用復數(shù)形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, e）形復實單：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means. f）形單實復：people (人民，人們），the police, cattle等 g）集合名詞如：family, public, group, class等。當作為整體時，為單數(shù)；當作 為整體中的各個成員時，為復數(shù)。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h）復合名詞變復數(shù)時，

5、a）只把復合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)繼子；editor (s) -in-chief總編輯。b）如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個詞的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人c）woman, man作定語時，要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：a man servantmen servants, a woman doctorwomen doctors二、名詞的所有格：1、表有生命的東西（人或動物）的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“s”。如：Mikes bag, Childrens Day, my

6、brothers room, womens rights注意：1）名詞復數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在詞后加“s”。如：Teachers Day, the workers rest-home（工人療養(yǎng)院），the students reading-room 2）復合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody elses book（其他任何人的書） 3）如果一樣東西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個名詞后面加“s”； 如果不是共有，則每個詞后都要加“s”。如：Jane and Helens room. 珍妮和海倫的

7、房間（共有）. Bills and Toms radios. 比爾的收音機和湯姆的收音機（不共有） 4）表地點（店鋪，某人的家等）的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如： the tailors (裁縫鋪) the doctors (診所) Mr Browns (布朗先生的家) 5）有些表時間、距離、國家、城鎮(zhèn)的無生命的名詞，也可加“s”表所有格。 如：half an hours walk (半小時的路程) Chinas agriculture (中國的農(nóng)業(yè))2、表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book3、表示有生命的東西的名詞

8、也可以用of，特別是名詞較長，有較多的定語時。如：the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法：在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）時，常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系。如：a friend of my fathers 我父親的一位朋友。some inventions of Edisons 愛迪生的一些發(fā)明those

9、exercise-books of the students 學生們的那些練習本。【專項訓練】：1、There are only twelvein the hospital.Awoman doctorsBwomen doctorsCwomen doctor Dwoman doctor2、Mr Smith has two, both of whom are teachers in a school.Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-lawsCbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law3、How manydoes a cow have?Four.Asto

10、machesBstomachCstomachsDstomachies4、Somevisited our school last Wednesday.AGermanBGermenCGermansDGermens5、Theof the building are covered with lots of.Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafsCroof; leafDroofs; leafs6、When the farmer returned home he found threemissing.AsheepsBsheepesCsheepDsheepies7、That was a f

11、iftyengine.Ahorse powerBhorses powerChorse powersDhorses powers8、My father often gives me.Amany adviceBmuch adviceCa lot of advicesDa few advice9、Mary broke awhile she was washing up.Atea cupBa cup of teaCteas cupDcup tea10、Can you give us someabout the writer?AinformationsBinformationCpiece of info

12、rmationsDpieces information11、I had a cup ofand two pieces ofthis morning.Ateas; breadBteas; breadsCtea; breadsDtea; bread12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than.Alights; soundsBlight; soundCsound; lightDsounds; lights13、She told him of all herand .Ahope; fearBhopes; fearChopes; fearsDhop

13、e; fears14、The risingdid a lot ofto the crops.Awater; harmBwater; harmsCwaters; harmDwaters; harms15、How far away is it from here to your school?Its about.Ahalf an hours driveBhalf hours drivesChalf an hour drivesDhalf an hour drive16、The shirt isnt mine. Its.AMrs SmithBMrs SmithCMrs SmithsDMrs Smit

14、hs17、Miss Johnson is a friend of.AMarys motherBMarys mothersCMary mothersDMarys mothers18、Last week I called at my.AauntBauntsCauntsDauntes19、The beach is athrow.AstoneBstonesCstonesDstones20、I can hardly imaginesailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.APeterBPeterCPetersDPeters【答案】：1、B2、A3、C stomach（胃）雖是“ch”結(jié)尾，但其發(fā)音為k，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復數(shù)形