金融、經(jīng)濟專業(yè)詞匯、術(shù)語大全

1、經(jīng)濟金融術(shù)語漢英對照表A 安全網(wǎng)safety net按可比口徑on comparable basis按輕重緩急to prioritize暗補implicit subsidy暗虧hidden lossB頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照to license;to grant a licence to 辦理存款業(yè)務(wù)to take deposits保護農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性to protect farmers'incentive to produce備付金（超額準(zhǔn)備金）excess reserves本外幣并賬 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts本

2、外幣對沖操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departmentalism奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避稅（請見“逃稅”）tax avoidance幣種搭配不當(dāng)currency mismatch幣種構(gòu)成currency composition變相社會集資disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising表外科目（業(yè)務(wù)）off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱環(huán)節(jié)weaknesses;lo

3、opholes不變成本fixed cost不變價at constant price;in real terms不動產(chǎn)real estate不良貸款（資產(chǎn)）problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C財務(wù)公司finance companies財政赤字fiscal deficit財政擠銀行fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）財政政策與貨幣政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序漸進的方法in a phased an

4、d sequenced manner操作彈性operational flexibility操縱匯率to manipulate exchange rate產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成product composition;product mix產(chǎn)品積壓stock pile;excessive inventory產(chǎn)銷率current period inventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/output ratio產(chǎn)銷銜接marketability產(chǎn)業(yè)政策industrial policy長期國債treasury bonds敞口頭寸open position炒股to speculate in the s

5、tock market承購包銷underwrite（securities）成套機電產(chǎn)品complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作銀行urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商業(yè)銀行municipal commercial banks城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價漲幅real growth in household income持續(xù)升溫persistent overheating重復(fù)布點duplicate projects

6、重置成本replacement cost重組計劃restructuring plan籌資渠道funding sources;financing channels初見成效initial success出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營canalization of exports出口退稅export tax rebate儲蓄存款household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）儲蓄分流diversion of household deposits儲源萎縮decline in the availability of household sa

7、vings傳導(dǎo)機制transmission mechanism從價稅ad valorem tax從緊控制tight control存貸款比例loan/deposit ratio存款保險體系deposit insurance system存款貨幣銀行deposit money banks存款準(zhǔn)備金required reservesD打白條issue IOU大額存單certificate of deposit（CD）大額提現(xiàn)withdraw deposits in large amounts大面積滑坡wide-spread decline大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制（all-in-one）mono-bank

8、system呆賬（請見“壞賬”）bad loans呆賬準(zhǔn)備金loan loss reserves（provisions）呆滯貸款idle loans貸款沉淀non-performing loans貸款分類loan classification貸款限額管理credit control;to impose credit ceiling貸款約束機制credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理國庫to act as fiscal agent代理金融機構(gòu)貸款make loans on behalf of other institutions戴帽貸款ear-mark

9、ed loans倒逼機制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德風(fēng)險moral hazard地區(qū)差別regional disparity第一產(chǎn)業(yè)the primary industry第二產(chǎn)業(yè)the secondary industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè)the service industry;the tertiary industry遞延資產(chǎn)deferrable assets訂貨不足insufficient orders定期存款time deposits定向募集raising funds from tar

10、geted sources東道國（請見“母國”）host country獨立核算independent accounting短期國債treasury bills對沖操作sterilization operation;hedging對非金融部門債權(quán)claims on non-financial sector多種所有制形式diversified ownershipE惡性通貨膨脹hyperinflation二級市場secondary marketF發(fā)行貨幣to issue currency發(fā)行總股本total stock issue法定準(zhǔn)備金required reserves;reserve req

11、uirement法人股institutional shares法人股東institutional shareholders法治rule of law房地產(chǎn)投資real estate investment放松銀根to ease monetary policy非現(xiàn)場稽核off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非銀行金融機構(gòu)non-bank financial institutions非贏利性機構(gòu)non-profit organizations分稅制assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分

12、業(yè)經(jīng)營segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions風(fēng)險暴露（風(fēng)險敞口）risk exposure風(fēng)險管理risk management風(fēng)險意識risk awareness風(fēng)險資本比例risk-weighted capital ratios風(fēng)險資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)risk-based capital standard服務(wù)事業(yè)收入public service charges;user's charges扶貧poverty

13、 alleviation負(fù)增長negative growth復(fù)式預(yù)算制double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革試點reform experimentation杠桿率leverage ratio杠桿收購leveraged buyout高息集資to raise funds by offering high interest個人股non-institutional shares根本扭轉(zhuǎn)fundamental turnaround（or reversal）公開市場操作open market operations公款私

14、存deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事業(yè)public utilities公有經(jīng)濟the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制public ownership工業(yè)成本利潤率profit-to-cost ratio工業(yè)增加值industrial value added供大于求supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓勵措施incentives股份合作企業(yè)joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企業(yè)joint-equity ent

15、erprises股份制銀行joint-equity banks固定資產(chǎn)貸款fixed asset loans關(guān)稅減免tariff reduction and exemption關(guān)稅減讓tariff concessions關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment規(guī)范行為to regularize（or standardize）behavior規(guī)模效益economies of scale國計民生national interest and people's livelihood國家對個人其他支出other government o

16、utlays to individuals國家風(fēng)險country risk國際分工international division of labor國際收支balance of payments國有獨資商業(yè)銀行wholly state-owned commercial banks國有經(jīng)濟（部門）the state-owned（or public）sector國有企業(yè)state-owned enterprises（SOEs）國有制state-ownership國有資產(chǎn)流失erosion of state assets國債回購government securities repurchase國債一級自營

17、商primary underwriters of government securities過度競爭excessive competition過度膨脹excessive expansion過熱跡象signs of overheatingH合理預(yù)期rational expectation核心資本core capital合資企業(yè)joint-venture enterprises紅利dividend宏觀經(jīng)濟運營良好sound macroeconomic performance宏觀經(jīng)濟基本狀況macroeconomic fundamentals宏觀調(diào)控macroeconomic management（

18、or adjustment）宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo)macroeconomic objectives（or targets）壞賬bad debt還本付息debt service換匯成本unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings匯兌在途funds in float匯兌支出advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank匯率并軌unification of exchange rates活期存款demand deposits匯率失調(diào)exchange rate misalign

19、ment混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership貨幣政策態(tài)勢monetary policy stance貨款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliersJ基本建設(shè)投資investment in infrastructure基本經(jīng)濟要素economic fundamentals基本適度broadly appropriate基準(zhǔn)利率benchmark interest rate機關(guān)團體存款deposits of non-profit institutions機會成本opportunity cost激勵機制incentive mechanism積壓嚴(yán)重

20、heavy stockpile;excessive inventory擠提存款run on banks擠占挪用unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）技改投資investment in technological upgrading技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品technology-intensive product計劃單列市municipalities with independent planning status計劃經(jīng)濟planned economy集體經(jīng)濟the collective sector加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力

21、度to intensify structural adjustment加工貿(mào)易processing trade加快態(tài)勢accelerating trend加強稅收征管稽查to enhance tax administration加權(quán)價weighted average price價格放開price liberalization價格形成機制pricing mechanism減虧to reduce losses簡化手續(xù)to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures交投活躍brisk trading繳存準(zhǔn)備金to deposit required r

22、eserves結(jié)構(gòu)扭曲structural distortion結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)structural imbalance結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化structural improvement（optimization）結(jié)匯、售匯sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱financial fragility金融動蕩financial turbulence金融風(fēng)波financial disturbance金融恐慌financial panic金融危機financial crisis金融壓抑financial repr

23、ession金融衍生物financial derivatives金融詐騙financial fraud緊縮銀根to tighten monetary policy緊縮政策austerity policies;tight financial policies經(jīng)常賬戶可兌換current account convertibility經(jīng)濟特區(qū)special economic zones（SEZs）經(jīng)濟體制改革economic reform經(jīng)濟增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to

24、 efficiency gains）經(jīng)濟增長減速economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth經(jīng)濟制裁economic sanction經(jīng)營自主權(quán)autonomy in management景氣回升recovery in business activity 境外投資overseas investment競爭加劇intensifying competition局部性金融風(fēng)波localized（isolated）financial disturbanceK開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)to engage in RMB business可維持（可持續(xù)）經(jīng)濟增長sust

25、ainable economic growth可變成本variable cost可自由兌換貨幣freely convertible currency控制現(xiàn)金投放control currency issuance扣除物價因素in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis庫存產(chǎn)品inventory跨國銀行業(yè)務(wù)cross-border banking跨年度采購cross-year procurement會計準(zhǔn)則accounting standardL來料加工processing of imported materials for export離岸銀行業(yè)務(wù)off-s

26、hore banking（business）理順外貿(mào)體制to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠桿的調(diào)節(jié)作用the role of interest rates in resource allocation利潤驅(qū)動profit-driven利息回收率interest collection ratio聯(lián)行清算inter-bank settlement連鎖企業(yè)franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循環(huán)virtuous cycle兩極分化growing income disparity;polarization in in

27、come distribution零售物價指數(shù)retail price index（RPI）流動性比例liquidity ratio流動資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率/流通速度velocity of liquid assets流動資金貸款working capital loans流通體制distribution system流通網(wǎng)絡(luò)distribution network留購（租賃期滿時承租人可購買租賃物）hire purchase壟斷行業(yè)monopolized industry（sector）亂集資irregular（illegal）fund raising亂收費irregular（illegal）charge

28、s亂攤派unjustified（arbitrary）leviesM買方市場buyer's market賣方市場seller's market賣出回購證券matched sale of repo貿(mào)易差額trade balance民間信用non-institutionalized credit免二減三exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明補explicit subsidy明虧explicit

29、loss名牌產(chǎn)品brand products母國（請見“東道國”）home countryN內(nèi)部控制internal control內(nèi)部審計internal audit內(nèi)地與香港the mainland and Hong Kong內(nèi)債domestic debt扭虧為盈to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配distorted allocation of financial resources農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品采購支出outlays for agricultural procurement農(nóng)村信用社rural credit c

30、ooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效應(yīng)bubble effect泡沫經(jīng)濟bubble economy培育新的經(jīng)濟增長點to tap new sources of economic growth片面追求發(fā)展速度excessive pursuit of growth平衡發(fā)展balanced development瓶頸制約bottleneck（constraints）平穩(wěn)回升steady recovery鋪底流動資金initial（start-up）working capital普遍回升broad-based recovery配套改革concomitant（supporting）reforms

31、配套人民幣資金local currency funding ofQ企業(yè)辦社會enterprises burdened with social responsibilities企業(yè)集團戰(zhàn)略corporate group strategy企業(yè)兼并重組company merger and restructuring企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子enterprise management企業(yè)所得稅enterprise（corporate）income tax企業(yè)效益corporate profitability企業(yè)資金違規(guī)流入股市irregular flow of enterprise funds into the s

32、tock market欠稅tax arrears欠息overdue interest強化稅收征管to strengthen tax administration強制措施enforcement action翹尾因素carryover effect切一刀partial application清理收回貸款clean up and recover loans（破產(chǎn)）清算liquidation傾斜政策preferential policy區(qū)別對待differential treatment趨勢加強intensifying trend全球化globalization權(quán)益回報率returns on equi

33、ty（ROE）缺乏后勁unsustainable momentumR繞規(guī)模貸款to circumvent credit ceiling人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值per capita GDP人均收入per capita income人民幣升值壓力upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）認(rèn)繳資本subscribed capital軟貸款soft loans軟預(yù)算約束soft budget constraint軟著陸soft landingS三角債chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears善政廉政good governance商

34、業(yè)貸款commercial loans上市公司（publicly）listed corporations設(shè)備利用capacity utilization社會保障social safety net;social security（insurance）深層次矛盾deep-rooted structural imbalance審批金融機構(gòu)to license financial institutions審慎監(jiān)管prudential supervision生產(chǎn)能力閑置unutilized capacity生息資產(chǎn)interest-bearing assets實際利用外資disbursement of

35、foreign capital;actual inflow of foreign investment實際有效匯率real effective exchange rate實時real time實收資本paid-in capital實現(xiàn)利潤realized profit市場分割market segmentation市場經(jīng)濟market economy市場占有率（市場份額）market share市場準(zhǔn)入market access（指商品和勞務(wù)的進入）；market entry（指機構(gòu)的審批）市價總值market capitalization適度從緊appropriately tight適時調(diào)節(jié)t

36、imely adjustment收回對金融機構(gòu)貸款to recall central bank loans （to financial institutions）稅后還貸amortization（repayment of loans）after tax稅收流失tax erosion稅源不足weak tax base私營經(jīng)濟（私人經(jīng)濟）the private sector私有制private ownership所有者權(quán)益owner's equityT逃稅（請見“避稅”）tax evasion套匯（1）指合法：currency swap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegal pu

37、rchase of foreign exchange剔除季節(jié)性因素seasonally adjusted調(diào)節(jié)流動性to influence liquidity level貼現(xiàn)窗口discount window同比on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year同業(yè)拆借（放）inter-bank borrowing（lending）同業(yè)拆借市場利率（中國）CHIBOR（China inter-bank offered rate）同業(yè)融通票據(jù)inter-bank financing bills同業(yè)往來inter-bank

38、 transactions透支overdraft退稅tax refund（rebate）頭寸position吞吐基礎(chǔ)貨幣adjustment of monetary base脫媒現(xiàn)象disintermediationW外部審計external audit外國直接投資foreign direct investment （FDI）外匯儲備foreign exchange reserves外匯調(diào)劑foreign exchange swap外匯占款the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial

39、 foreign exchange holdings外向型經(jīng)濟export-oriented economy外債external debt外資企業(yè)foreign-funded enterprises完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度to improve the modern enterprise system完稅憑證tax payment documentation違法經(jīng)營illegal business委托存款entrusted deposits穩(wěn)步增長steady growth穩(wěn)健的銀行系統(tǒng)a sound banking system穩(wěn)中求進to make progress while ensuring s

40、tability無紙交易book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction物價監(jiān)測price monitoringX吸納流動性to absorb liquidity稀缺經(jīng)濟scarcity economy洗錢money laundering系統(tǒng)內(nèi)調(diào)度fund allocation within a bank系統(tǒng)性金融危機systemic financial crisis下崗工人laid-off employees下游企業(yè)down-stream enterprises現(xiàn)場稽核on-site examination現(xiàn)金滯留（居民手中）cash held o

41、utside the banking system鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)township and village enterprises（TVEs）消費物價指數(shù)consumer price index（CPI）消費稅excise（consumption）tax消滅財政赤字to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit銷貨款回籠reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system銷售平淡lackluster sales協(xié)議外資金額committed amount of foreign investmen

42、t新經(jīng)濟增長點new sources of economic growth新開工項目new projects;newly started projects新增貸款incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就業(yè)位置new jobs;new job opportunities信貸規(guī)?？己藃eview the compliance with credit ceilings信號失真distorted signals信托投資公司trust and investment companies信息不對稱inform

43、ation asymmetry信息反饋feedback（information）信息共享系統(tǒng)information sharing system信息披露information disclosure信用擴張credir expansion信用評級credit rating姓“資”還是姓“社”pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist行政措施administrative measures需求膨脹demand expansion; excessive demand虛偽存款window-dressing deposits削減

44、冗員to shed excess labor force尋租rent seeking迅速反彈quick reboundY養(yǎng)老基金pension fund一刀切universal application;non-discretionary implementation一級市場primary market應(yīng)收未收利息overdue interest銀行網(wǎng)點banking outlets贏利能力profitability營業(yè)稅business tax硬貸款（商業(yè)貸款）commercial loans用地審批to grant land use right有管理的浮動匯率managed floating

45、 exchange rate證券投資portfolio investment游資（熱錢）hot money有市場的產(chǎn)品marketable products有效供給effective supply誘發(fā)新一輪經(jīng)濟擴張trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期貸款overdue loans;past-due loans與國際慣例接軌to become compatible with internationally accepted與國際市場接軌to integrate with the world market預(yù)算外支出（收入）off-budget （e

46、xtra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue）預(yù)調(diào)pre-emptive adjustment月環(huán)比on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basisZ再貸款central bank lending在國際金融機構(gòu)儲備頭寸reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款deposits at （with） the central bank在途資金fund in float增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入to increase investment in agriculture增

47、勢減緩deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收節(jié)支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增長平穩(wěn)steady growth增值稅value-added tax（VAT）漲幅偏高h(yuǎn)igher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth賬外賬concealed accounts折舊depreciation整頓retrenchment;consolidation政策工具policy instrument政策性業(yè)務(wù)policy-related operations政策性銀行policy banks政策組合policy mix政府干預(yù)government intervention證券交易清算settlement of securities transactions證券業(yè)務(wù)占款funding of securities purchase支付困難payment difficulty支付能力payment capacity直接調(diào)控方式向to increase the reliance on in