中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)-王牌初中英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)

1、首字母講解知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備問(wèn)學(xué)生：你了解首字母嗎？1. 首字母出現(xiàn)在卷子的哪一部分？2. 題號(hào)是？3. 共幾個(gè)？4. 占幾分？師：首字母的比重：首字母填空7個(gè)，14分，占閱讀部分的28%，占試卷總分的9.3%測(cè)試內(nèi)容1. 文章短小、精致，字?jǐn)?shù)通常100-150之間2. 考查的單詞涉及的詞性較廣，幾乎涉及到了十大詞類3. 文中涉及的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)面較寬，學(xué)生需運(yùn)用已學(xué)過(guò)的詞法、句法及常用詞組、短語(yǔ)、慣用法等知識(shí)4. 短文的體裁不一，有記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文等文體。解題步驟首字母填空三步走：1.通讀短文2.判斷詞性，認(rèn)真分析，填寫(xiě)單詞3.細(xì)心檢查解題技巧首字母五大技巧：1. 依照固定搭配進(jìn)行填詞2. 依照詞性判

2、斷進(jìn)行填詞3. 依照結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行填詞4. 依照句意理解進(jìn)行填詞5. 依照高頻詞匯進(jìn)行填詞對(duì)“癥”下“藥” 依照固定詞組搭配或固定的句式結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行填詞2012年一模崇明縣、嘉定區(qū)、金山區(qū)、徐匯區(qū)、盧灣區(qū)、虹口區(qū)2013年一模崇明縣、閘北區(qū)、金山區(qū)、徐匯區(qū)、楊浦區(qū)2014年一模崇明縣、嘉定區(qū)、金山區(qū)、浦東新區(qū)、楊浦區(qū)練習(xí)1. W_ his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.2. It was a l_ earlier.3.The healthier those teeth are, the h_ you look.

3、Why is that?4.Take your time while brushing. Spend at l_ 3 minutes each time you brush.小結(jié)：固定搭配?？迹簞?dòng)詞，名詞，介詞，形容詞等。所以，平時(shí)積累考綱詞組很重要 。 依照詞性判斷進(jìn)行填詞詞性判斷能幫助減少錯(cuò)誤，快速得出答案且常考的九大詞類當(dāng)中，有三種詞僅通過(guò)詞性判斷即能快速得出答案：代詞，介詞，連詞原因：數(shù)量不多，但又是一模?？荚~類。介詞連詞代詞2012年一模寶山、長(zhǎng)寧、浦東、奉賢、閔行、普陀、青浦長(zhǎng)寧、虹口、浦東、閘北寶山、浦東、奉賢、黃埔、普陀、2013年一模寶山、長(zhǎng)寧、浦東、崇明、虹口、徐匯、金山崇

4、明、奉賢、楊浦、浦東、閘北、虹口、靜安奉賢、黃浦、靜安2014年一模奉賢、虹口、徐匯、長(zhǎng)寧、閔行崇明、楊浦、浦東、長(zhǎng)寧、閘北奉賢2015年一模練習(xí)1. One of the most lovely of Hong Kongs animals is the barking deer. They are beautiful little animalsw_91_ a rich brown coat and a white patch under the tail.（2012一模奉賢區(qū)）2. “B_89_ every dog lover there is a story,” says Dr. Dav

5、is. “Why do people love their dogs so much? If you hear their stories, its not difficult to understand why.”（2012 一模普陀區(qū)）小結(jié)： 連詞位于句子間；介詞位于名詞前；代詞用來(lái)做主賓語(yǔ)；another, other, every, one還可用來(lái)做定語(yǔ)。3. Then you can r_ with a good story and have a rest quietly.4. H_, television has not killed reading. Today, newspap

6、ers and magazines sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. 依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行填詞練習(xí)1. Imagine sitting down at the dinner table and b_86_ served a bowl of worms.（2013寶山區(qū)）2. There are suggestions to separate the sexes and teach boys separately. There is also a_92_ to ch

7、ange the curriculum to make it more interesting for boys to achieve their goals.（2013 閔行區(qū)）3. Brush your teeth t_ a dayafter breakfast and before bedtime. 小結(jié) ：巧用結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵詞并列關(guān)系：also, as well, and, or, but, than, rather than, as well as, fromto, instead of等解釋/說(shuō)明關(guān)系：破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、括號(hào)等 依據(jù)句意理解理解上下文是使用最多，最直接的方法。技巧：1. 抓住

8、句子主干（主謂賓）； 2. 準(zhǔn)確分析從句（定從，賓從，狀從）； 3. 把握文中的轉(zhuǎn)折，否定，消極/積極語(yǔ)境； 4. 動(dòng)手劃出關(guān)鍵詞，句；用括號(hào)標(biāo)出從句。練習(xí)1. At that moment the last flash of the blue car d_91_ under the water.（2013一模嘉定區(qū)）2. One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friends house happily. He wanted to p_ his friend up at five and then went to se

9、e a new movie together. 小結(jié)：1. 翻譯句子，不是意會(huì)，是找到主謂賓，有代詞的找出其指代的意思，準(zhǔn)確翻譯2. 注意句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析，尤其是主從復(fù)合句。 依據(jù)高頻詞匯進(jìn)行填詞在做題沒(méi)有思路，但是對(duì)單詞詞性有把握判斷的時(shí)候，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜詞，也是絕處逢生的好方法！如以o 開(kāi)頭的高頻詞匯：動(dòng)詞：organize, order, own, open, operate, offer, obey, observe, etc.名詞/代詞：owner, opinion, organization, order, officer, ones, etc.形容詞： official, other,

10、 own, ordinary, old, open, online, etc.副詞： often, only, once, etc.練習(xí)1. Of course, mirrors could be used o_when the sun was shining. At night, Indians used fire arrows for signaling.（2012 一模浦東新區(qū)）2. So they move out. Some dont go very far, just a littleway out of the city, to the towns near the cities

11、. O_ people move to the real countryside, with sheep and cows and green fields.（2014一模楊浦區(qū)）小結(jié)：高頻詞匯分兩類，一是經(jīng)?？嫉降脑~匯，二是考綱中量很少的詞匯； 在沒(méi)有思路的情況下，將積累的高頻詞匯一一帶入，意思合理的即是答案。高頻詞匯總結(jié)C開(kāi)頭的副詞：completely, clearly, correctly, carefullyR開(kāi)頭的副詞：rather, really, recently, rarelyK開(kāi)頭的動(dòng)詞：kill, know, kick, keep, knockH開(kāi)頭的副詞：happily

12、, hard, hardly, heavily, however階梯訓(xùn)練法Step1: chunk訓(xùn)練法出現(xiàn)頻率很高, 使用形式及使用的語(yǔ)境比較固定,就像一個(gè)板塊一樣,大于單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)都?xì)w于“詞塊”1. Mary has n_ worked as hard as her sister.2. The problem is so d_ that no one can work out.3. Those who know the answer to the question can raise your h_.Step2: 在本句中尋找信息1. U_, it is not a very good jo

13、b, (03年中考)2. One day, Jeff told his friend that hed fallen in love and planned to get married the n_ months.（04年中考）3. As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much e_.（05年中考）4. I asked him w_ he was going and he said he was going to work.（06年中考）5. Then we started talk

14、ing about school days and the people we both used to k_.（06年中考）6. I live here with my husband Joe and our t_ children, Patrick, 11, and, Abby, 8.（08年中考）Step3: 在句群中尋找信息1. Most of my friends like loud music that they can dance to. I prefer q_, traditional music, so the concert suited me very well.2. I

15、f you read as a hobby you will get better and better at it. This m_ that you will read faster and will become better at understanding what you read.3. Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the better you

16、r computer skills will be. Reading is h_ out of date!（05年中考）4. Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat in London. I chose to live here because there is never a b_ moment in a city like London. Im an art student and the busy life in a city does good to my painting. （08年中考）Step4: 在段落中尋找信息1.R

17、eading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons.First, Next,A_good reason for reading is that it is useful. 2. Of course, London, like any large city, has p_, too. Londoners dont chat on the underground or the bus and there is much less community spirit than in the country, where my parents li

18、ve. In fact, they dont understand how I can put up with the noise pollution, and traffic jams. 3. Of course, country life also has w_ points. We feel isolated sometimes, too, especially since the nearest neighbors are almost 100 km away. 4. In the early 1930s, people in the US often did not know whe

19、n or where their next meal was. So as soon as they got something in their hand that could be eaten, it would go into their mouth. That was how people began to use the idiom “l(fā)iving hand to mouth” to mean “l(fā)iving a p_life”.5. There are many idioms in English. If you learn to use them, your English wi

20、ll be much more vivid and colorful. Have you ever heard the idiom “He bought the farm?” It means he died. Do you know how it became popular? It was f_ used in World War I. When a soldier died, the government gave his family enough money to buy a farm.小結(jié)：首字母解題五大技巧是什么？高分妙招，學(xué)霸都知道：做完首字母后要檢查1. 動(dòng)詞形態(tài)（形式、時(shí)態(tài)

21、/語(yǔ)態(tài)）2. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，大小寫(xiě)3. 形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)首字母填空的“三級(jí)警報(bào)”1.“一級(jí)警報(bào)”：動(dòng)詞原形 危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)：高危在首字母填空中填入動(dòng)詞原形屬于高度危險(xiǎn)的一級(jí)警報(bào)。在填入動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須考慮到動(dòng)詞的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)變化。【例】All of a sudden, I was crowded by a group of people who o me support and gave me strength to face my difficulties.【解析】空格中填入的詞應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，與and之后的gave相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此，此題的正確答案是offered【注】在首字母填空中，填入動(dòng)詞原形也是

22、有可能的，例如在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后或者在make sb. do sth.這樣的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，需要填入動(dòng)詞原形。2.“二級(jí)警報(bào)”：可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù) 危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)：中危在首字母填空中，如果空格之前沒(méi)有a或an，那么在空格中填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)屬于中度危險(xiǎn)的二級(jí)警報(bào)。在填入可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，必須考慮到可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。【例】At my birthday party, he gave me beautiful fas my birthday present.【解析】很多同學(xué)會(huì)想到空格中應(yīng)填入flower. 然而，flower是可數(shù)名詞，在此題中，沒(méi)有a或者量詞修飾flower，因此，必須填入flower的復(fù)數(shù)形式fl

23、owers.3.“三級(jí)警報(bào)”：形容詞和副詞的原級(jí) 危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)：低危在首字母填空中，填入形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)也具有一定的危險(xiǎn)性，形容詞和副詞原級(jí)屬于低度危險(xiǎn)的三級(jí)警報(bào)。在一些情況下，需要填入形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)或者最高級(jí)。【例】The garden is very beautiful. I have never seen a none.【解析】填入空格的詞應(yīng)該是與beautiful相對(duì)應(yīng)的nice。但是，I have never seen a none.是一句否定句，而在空格之前又出現(xiàn)了不定冠詞a，按照英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，在否定句中，不定冠詞a加形容詞的比較級(jí)具有最高級(jí)的意義。因此，空格中應(yīng)填入nice

24、r. 后半句句子的意思是：我從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)更漂亮的一個(gè)花園。言下之意即是：這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最漂亮的花園。Note：做好首字母填空要注意以下幾點(diǎn)1. 單詞量很多學(xué)生做不好首字母填空很重要的原因是學(xué)過(guò)的單詞沒(méi)掌握。 每當(dāng)看到一個(gè)首字母，腦子中應(yīng)該迅速閃過(guò)好幾個(gè)詞，然后根據(jù)句意選擇最合適的一個(gè)?；蛘叻催^(guò)來(lái)，用意義對(duì)單詞，先看句子是什么意思，然后根據(jù)意思填出合適的單詞。2.平時(shí)注意積累詞組、習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配。（我建議每人備個(gè)筆記本，自己整理。除了課本上的，平時(shí)考卷上易錯(cuò)的都整理到本子上，時(shí)常拿出來(lái)翻翻鞏固一遍，下次再遇到類似的就會(huì)很快想到。）（老師會(huì)幫你們整理一份這學(xué)期的重點(diǎn)詞組，因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)法生活在全英的環(huán)

25、境中，所以學(xué)英語(yǔ)還是要多看多記）3. 一定注意上下句的聯(lián)系。很多情況下，要填的單詞在上文或者下文出現(xiàn)過(guò)，所以說(shuō)試卷中不是沒(méi)有答案，而是你要有一雙發(fā)現(xiàn)答案的眼睛。譬如，常在一句話中，會(huì)出現(xiàn)反義詞、近義詞等有提示作用的關(guān)鍵詞。4. 利用詞性幫助判斷。根據(jù)上下文及句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷詞性，再結(jié)合首字母確定該詞的意思。（要有一定的句法知識(shí)）5. 注意檢查。這里有個(gè)方法可以一試，默讀， 利用語(yǔ)感和自己的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)填空。如果讀著不順，極有可能有錯(cuò)誤。首字母填空練習(xí)D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（14分）n.adj.v.phra

26、sepassage走廊horrible可怕的crashed踫撞fell down倒下flames火焰opposite相反的dropped掉picked it up撿起direction方向screamed尖叫difficulty困難recognizing認(rèn)出A fire (中等)“Fire! Fire!” What horrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, wooden house and my room was on the t

27、op floor. I jumped out of bed, opened the door and s92 out into the passage. It was full of thick smoke.I began to run, but as I was still only half awake, instead of going towards the stairs I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew t 93 and I could see flames all around and the floor became

28、 hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. But before I could reach it, one of my feet was caught in something soft and I fell down. The thing I had fell over was l 94 a bundleof clothes, and I picked it up to protect my face from smoke and heat. Just the

29、n the floor gave way under me and I crashed to the below with pieces of wood all around me.I saw a flaming doorway in front, put the bundle of clothes over my face and ran. The fire around my feet burned me t 95 , but I got through. As I reached the cold air outside, my bundle of clothes gave a thin

30、 cry. I nearly dropped it in my s96 . Then I saw a crowd gathered in the street. A woman in a night dress and a borrowed mans coat screamed when she saw me and came running madly. “My baby! My baby!” she cried. The crowd cheered widely as she took the smoke bundle out of my a 97 . I had some difficu

31、lty in recognizing her. She was Mayors wife, and I had s 98 her baby. I was a hero.首字母首字母單詞詞性詞義考點(diǎn)難度系數(shù)Ssteppedv.邁步此句表一系列動(dòng)作：先下床再開(kāi)門(mén)，然后該走出去tthickera.更厚的主語(yǔ)是煙，煙變的厚可以想出，但是想到用比較級(jí)是比較難把握的llikeprep.像主要根據(jù)句意：這個(gè)東西像一捆衣服tterriblyadv.嚴(yán)重地本句不缺少成分，很明顯是要填副詞，形容火是怎么樣燒我的腳的詞ssurprisen.驚訝本句中說(shuō)：我?guī)缀跻袅诉@捆東西，看出我很是吃驚aarmsn.手臂比較簡(jiǎn)單，

32、是從我的手臂里拿走ssavedv.救從后句中：我是個(gè)英雄，看出是我救了這個(gè)孩子特點(diǎn)：1. 詞性為v. (2); n. (2); adj. (1); adv. (1); prep. (1)2. 3個(gè)s，2個(gè)t3. 考點(diǎn)基本是根據(jù)上下文的理解進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，其中93題容易出錯(cuò)4. 其中92和96是詞組課外練習(xí)首字母專項(xiàng)C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~， 使其內(nèi)容通順， 每空 格限填一詞，首字母已給） （14 分）(參考HP-2014A)Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly

33、while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?If you do, you need to take control of your feelings. Getting angry with others can cause you to l_81_friends.Gray Egeberg, an American high school teacher, has written a book named My Feelings Are Like Wild Ani

34、mals to help you control your feelings. The book tells how to stay cool when b_82_things happen.The book says that getting angry only makes problems w_83_. It can never make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. “Its just a habit, like smoking.”The book says you ca

35、n control your feelings e_84_. all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry.The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry frequently. Here are the top three. Keep a r_85_. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry so oft

36、en. Ask your friends to s_86_ talking to you when you get angry. Leave you alone. This will teach you not to be angry. Do something d_87_. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh.C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~， 使其內(nèi)容通順， 每空 格限填一詞，首字母已給

37、） （14 分）(參考JA/QP-2014A)Who is managing things in your town or city? Someone repairs a broken window in the library. Someone makes sure the traffic lights work. Someone pumps clean water into pipes. Someone c_81_for the animals in the zoo.The people who do these jobs are part of the government. In mo

38、st towns or cities, they work for the mayor. The mayor works with other o_82_. They manage the city and make sure that the work gets done. They fix old things, like roads and bridges. They build new things, like schools and parks. If people c_83_, they listen carefully. Then they change things that

39、are wrong. For example, if a law isnt f_84_to some people, they change it. They try to do what the people want. Election Day is report card time! If people think the city government is doing fine, they might k_85_the same mayor. If there are problems, they might elect a new mayor.On Election Day, pe

40、ople go to different places to vote. Then all the votes are c_86_. The mayor may win or lose. For the winner, there is lots of excitement! There is a big party with balloons f_87_in the air.The next day, its time to run the city or town again. The mayor must do a good job. The office members must wo

41、rk hard, too. After all, in a few years, there will be another Election Day.C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~， 使其內(nèi)容通順， 每空 格限填一詞，首字母已給）（14 分）(參考PD-2014A)You know that eating a sensible diet and getting plenty of exercise help make your body healthy andstrong. But do you know that

42、 there are ways to make your brain healthier and smarter? Here are seven steps toward a smarter brain.Ø Limit your TV viewingNever spend too much time on TV viewing, for it n_81_very little brain activities. Your brain will become weak just as your muscles do. If you do watch TV, choose somethi

43、ngeducational and meaningful.Ø TravelTravelling to a_82_country forces you to see and do things in a fresh way, bringingstimulation to the brain.Ø Learn a new languageLearning a new languageinvolves different learning methods. Learning a language sharpens your brain and helps prevent memor

44、y p_83_that you may meet in later years.Ø Read oftenAs you read, take the time to look up people or places that arent familiar. Readingmakes your vocabularymuch l_84_if you always search for words and definitions that you dont know. Each week, choose an animal, a bird or a fish, and read everyt

45、hing you can about it. Stretch your brain as you become an expert on the subject.Ø Calculate w_85_you shopAs you put things in your grocery cart, total everything in your head. See how close you get to the actual total.Ø Use your non-dominant(不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的) handIf you are right-handed, use your le

46、ft hand for everydayactivities, or use your right hand if you are left-handed. Doing familiar things in a different way will make your brain c_86_new neural (神經(jīng)) networks. Ø Wechat(微信)!Read messages from people who has different interests. And some say that learning to express y_87_in just 100

47、words is a great brain challenge.Have a try and do these every day. Little by little you can get into the habit of challenging your brain, and make your brain smarter!C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~， 使其內(nèi)容通順， 每空 格限填一詞，首字母已給） （14 分）(參考XH-2014A)Most people know that intelligence

48、quotient (IQ) is important, but EQ is probably more important in daily life. When facing an exam, EQ helps us to manage our feelings. When getting along with friends or parents, EQ helps us to c_81_well.EQ is shaped partly by genetics（基因）. You can see some babies are quiet, while others are not. B_8

49、2_, EQ is something you can learn for yourself. You can learn what different feelings might mean and how they relate to yourself and others. If we learn in the right way, our EQ can get better as we get older. Children with a high EQ usually have greater success with making friends. Having a high EQ

50、 needs a few different skills. Learning about these skills can help us to i_83_our EQ. But what are they? Lets take a look!1. Know yourselfMost people feel many different feelings t_84_the day. Some feelings like surprise last just a few seconds. Others, like happiness and sadness, may stay around m

51、uch l_85_. Being able to recognize these everyday feelings is the most basic of all EQ skills.2. Manage yourselfWe all get angry. We all have disappointments. But we need to control it. It is not always the right time or place to express our feelings. When you are angry with someone, take a deep bre

52、ath and s_86_count to 10. This way, you can calm down.3. Encourage yourselfWhen you fail an exam, you may be disappointed. But there is something more effective you can do learn to encourage yourself. It gives you the energy and c_87_to move on. It helps you to build a strong heart.C. Fill in the bl

53、anks with proper words (在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空 格限填一詞，首字母已給）（14 分）(參考YP-2014A)Moving out, moving backIn the countries all over the world, people are leaving the countryside in huge numbers to find jobs in the cities. They leave b_81_ the countryside is much poorer than the city and often there isnt

54、much work there. S_82_ such as transport, entertainment, hospitals and schools are usually much better in cities than they are in the country. They hope that their lives will improve when they move to the city.But in the big cities of Europe and America London, Paris. New York, people are moving out

55、 of the city. These are usually families who have some money, and want to live a quieter life.They get t_83_ of the noise and dirt of the city, the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses. They dont want to sit in traffic any more. They want a house with a garden, and clean air that isn't P_84

56、_.So they move out. Some don't go very far, just a little way out of the city, to the towns near the cities. O_85_ people move to the real countryside, with sheep and cows and green fields! There, they start their new lives and try to make new friends.Not all those who move from the city to the countryside arc happy. After two or three years, many people who have done this feel that it was a big m_86_. They don't make as much m