E-Prime實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟范例PPT課件

1、E-PRIME實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟范例： 如：實(shí)驗(yàn)將要測(cè)量的是：被試對(duì)所呈現(xiàn)的字符串，判斷是否為單詞的反應(yīng)時(shí)。 自變量是一個(gè)字符串，為：a word or non-word. 刺激將以文本形式的字符串方式呈現(xiàn)。words and non-words 白背景，黑字體，隨機(jī)呈現(xiàn) 首先在屏幕中央給被試呈現(xiàn)a fixation (+)，時(shí)間為1s 之后在屏幕中央將呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)將呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)a probe（字符串刺激），時(shí)間為（字符串刺激），時(shí)間為2s 被試的反應(yīng)會(huì)終止刺激的呈現(xiàn) 要求被試對(duì)刺激盡快按鍵做出反應(yīng)：was a word or a non-word （對(duì)按1，錯(cuò)按2） 因變量是對(duì)probe的反應(yīng)、反應(yīng)時(shí)和反應(yīng)正

2、確性。的反應(yīng)、反應(yīng)時(shí)和反應(yīng)正確性。（1）. 為實(shí)驗(yàn)創(chuàng)建文件夾（3）.在文件夾中保存實(shí)驗(yàn)，給它命名（提前進(jìn)行） e-prime中實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)是在list圖標(biāo)中實(shí)現(xiàn)的開(kāi)始可先設(shè)置一個(gè)獨(dú)立變量 (Condition) ，它有兩個(gè)水平 (Word, Non-Word)。我們要確定此條件下被試所看的刺激和正確反應(yīng)，以確定反應(yīng)是怎樣被評(píng)價(jià)的。隨后我們可加載更多的獨(dú)立變量（如：字詞出現(xiàn)的頻率和啟動(dòng)）、刺激和相關(guān)反應(yīng)。list圖標(biāo)的主要作用：按照某種方法去挑選其中不同的小實(shí)驗(yàn)。圖標(biāo)的主要作用：按照某種方法去挑選其中不同的小實(shí)驗(yàn)。（1）.創(chuàng)建并命名ListList圖標(biāo)（3）. 在 ListList中：中：添加ro

3、ws（不同行l(wèi)evel）并完成attribute設(shè)置此處是先命名后創(chuàng)建，當(dāng)然也可先創(chuàng)建。4.確定核心實(shí)驗(yàn)的程序（時(shí)間線）把不同的試驗(yàn)事件（如：fixation，probe，feedback）放入實(shí)驗(yàn)程序時(shí)間線，并重命名圖圖標(biāo) (“試驗(yàn)事件”即為procedure上的圖標(biāo))5.設(shè)置不同“試驗(yàn)事件”的自定義值和變化時(shí)的屬性值另外還有fixtion的，此處圖略（1）.為了Probe objects采集足夠的數(shù)據(jù)以供分析，把在日志中記錄數(shù)據(jù)的模式選為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2）.若需要可設(shè)置特殊的記錄日志的方式（1）.編譯實(shí)驗(yàn)（3）.檢查（2）中預(yù)期的結(jié)果顯示對(duì)于此實(shí)驗(yàn)中的 trial 1（試驗(yàn)1，即第一行） 自變量

4、( DesignList 中的 attributes)為： Condition=Word, Stimulus=Cat, and CorrectResponse=1. 因變量為：反應(yīng)鍵(Probe.RESP=1), 反應(yīng)時(shí) (Probe.RT=586) 和 反應(yīng)正確性(Probe.ACC=1, 表示正確反應(yīng))。trial 2 （試驗(yàn)2，即第二行） Condition=NonWord, Stimulus=Jop, CorrectResponse=2, Probe.Resp=1 (和所期待的反應(yīng)鍵不一致), Probe.RT=1224, and Probe.ACC=0 (表示錯(cuò)誤反應(yīng)).注意Prob

5、e.ACC的值 (1 for correct, 0 for error).（4）.找到因變量并檢查設(shè)置是否合理（5）.檢查所設(shè)置的持續(xù)時(shí)間是否設(shè)置正確This reduces the displayed area to 25% in the center of the screen. These settings will permit the stimulus to overwrite the fixation, but will not erase the response instructions.此時(shí)fixtion呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間為-1Finally, set the frame height

6、 for the Prime object to 25% so that the instructions from the Fixationare not overwritten.運(yùn)行并檢驗(yàn)Get Ready、prime和feedback圖標(biāo)注意要把 Collect No Response ACC Stats 選上添加DesignList 的行,完成 conditions和stimuli的設(shè)置.在條件很少，比如少于10個(gè)時(shí)推薦直接輸入。添加6行，一共8行4個(gè)刺激(two words, two non-words) 。取樣模式（取樣模式（sampling mode）允許改變不同情況（）允許改變

7、不同情況（list中的不同行）在運(yùn)行時(shí)的順序。包括：中的不同行）在運(yùn)行時(shí)的順序。包括：sequential, random (without replacement), random (with replacement), counterbalance, offset, and permutation. 默認(rèn)的取樣模式為默認(rèn)的取樣模式為sequential presentation of items. 這對(duì)調(diào)試實(shí)驗(yàn)、核對(duì)每一種情形（這對(duì)調(diào)試實(shí)驗(yàn)、核對(duì)每一種情形（list中的不同行）有幫助。中的不同行）有幫助。保存實(shí)驗(yàn)，編譯，運(yùn)行，檢驗(yàn)DesignList中新加入的條目運(yùn)行正常?，F(xiàn)在有24個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)

8、，隨機(jī)發(fā)生，且non-words是words發(fā)生概率的兩倍。（2）. 添加一個(gè)block attribute（屬性）In the BlockList, add an attribute and rename it PrimeDuration. This attribute will be used to varythe duration of the prime across blocks.（3）. 為block設(shè)置取樣方法3.添加block的指導(dǎo)語(yǔ)Like the BlockInstructions, the Introduction object instructs the subject

9、 to press the spacebar tocontinue. In the properties for the Introduction object, 1) set the Duration equal to “-1” to wait until a response is entered, 2) set the Input Mask to allow keyboard input, 3) set the Allowable field as the spacebar (i.e., SPACE), 4) set the End Action to “Terminate” upon

10、response from the subject. In the Properties for the Goodbye object, set the Duration to 5000. No input need be enabled for the Goodbye object; it will simply time-out at the end of the duration.（1）.使用block水平的嵌套列表In order to easily analyze the practice data separately from the main data, add a varia

11、ble that codes the information as practice or experimental trials.（1）.修改practice block list（2）. 添加practice模式的attribute（屬性）到block level list圖標(biāo)In order to repeat the practice block of trials until the desired accuracy level is achieved, we will examine the accuracy after the PracBlockList terminates,

12、and either continue withthe real trials or jump back to run the PracBlockList again. We will need to add a few lines of code to the experiment to monitor the accuracy and determine when the accuracy is sufficient to allow termination of the practice block. How to write E-Basic code is detailed in Ch

13、apter 4 Using EBasic. Here we will just provide an example of how to write some code for checking the accuracy during a block of trials.The script above examines the value of Feedback.ACCStats.Mean (calculated automatically bythe Feedback object) to determine if the subject achieved 80% accuracy. If

14、 this value is greaterthan 80%, the practice trials terminate and the experiment continues with the real trials (i.e., thenext object in the SessionProc is the BlockList). If the subject did not achieve 80% accuracy forthe practice trials, the practice trials are repeated using the Goto command to j

15、ump to Label1.Using this method, the practice trials will continue until the Criterion for continuation is met. TheFeedback.ACCStats.Reset command is used to reset the Feedback accuracy statistics to zerobefore rerunning the block. The InLine is also setting the text to display using an object calle

16、dEndPrac. In the next few steps, both the Label1 and EndPrac objects will be created.（3）.為session程序添加結(jié)束練習(xí)圖標(biāo)It is important to inform the subject whether they have met the accuracy criterion. We do this by adding the EndPrac object to display the text determined by the preceding CheckAccuracy Inlineo

17、bject.Add a TextDisplay object to the SessionProc following the CheckAccuracy object. The text for this object to display will be assigned at run-time via the CheckAccuracy InLine object, so no text need be entered for this object. Set the Duration property for the EndPrac object to 3000milliseconds

18、. The EndPrac object is not necessary for the process of repeating the practice trials, but helps to make theexperiment execution more understandable to the subject.如：如：Event mode Event mode 或或 Cumulative modeCumulative mode對(duì)于Prime：Data Logging (Time Audit Only), Timing Mode(Event),PreRelease (0ms)

19、。設(shè)置如下圖：Data Logging 的選項(xiàng) “Time Audit Only” 會(huì)記錄如： OnsetTime, OnsetDelay, DurationError. “Time Audit Only” 選項(xiàng)應(yīng)在無(wú)反應(yīng)時(shí)用, 如： Fixation 和 Prime的顯示.Objects 收集反應(yīng)時(shí) (如：Probe) 應(yīng)該設(shè)置 Data Logging 為“Standard” 除了有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)之外的反應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。 E-Prime允許在實(shí)驗(yàn)運(yùn)行時(shí)按 Ctrl+Alt+Shift提前退出。它在調(diào)試實(shí)驗(yàn)和快速退出時(shí)很實(shí)用。此外E-Prime還提供寫程序的方式用按組合鍵退出。例如在一個(gè)trial或bloc

20、k的結(jié)尾退出上級(jí)的list, 此時(shí)所有的已有數(shù)據(jù)都會(huì)被保存。 Ctrl+Shift鍵設(shè)置后，GetUserBreakState的值取“1”，否則取“0”。GetUserBreakState is set 直到實(shí)驗(yàn)明確的用腳本（SetUserBreakState0）把其值重新設(shè)置為0。 此實(shí)驗(yàn)中,在TrialProc末尾添加Inline object并檢查GetUserBreakState的值。若為“1”，使用DesignList.Terminate命令可在DesignList運(yùn)行時(shí)退出。退出時(shí)UserBreakState的值會(huì)重新設(shè)置為“0” ，再運(yùn)行下一block。要終止BlockList，

21、應(yīng)使用BlockList.Terminate命令，設(shè)置同上。被試反應(yīng)全對(duì)或全錯(cuò)都不現(xiàn)實(shí)，所以要測(cè)試各種情況：反應(yīng)正確、反應(yīng)錯(cuò)誤、按規(guī)定的反應(yīng)鍵之外的鍵、無(wú)反應(yīng)等。詳見(jiàn)精確計(jì)時(shí)的PPT。每一object的Logging圖標(biāo), Time Audit and Time Audit (Extended) variables 提供了核對(duì)launch-time,display-time, finish-time, possible delay以及和每一object相聯(lián)系的錯(cuò)誤的方法。要運(yùn)行一個(gè)完整的實(shí)驗(yàn)，可在E-Run中直接打開(kāi)E-Basic Script (EBS)文件。不推薦在此窗口中對(duì)EBS文件進(jìn)行

22、直接編輯，因?yàn)槊看沃匦律桑╮egenerated）EBS文件時(shí)，它都會(huì)被覆蓋。運(yùn)行完之后，E-Run會(huì)返回此窗口并顯示EBS文件。并有對(duì)話框提示Script是否成功的運(yùn)行到底。.合并數(shù)據(jù)打開(kāi)E-Merge（兩種方法）：打開(kāi)后會(huì)出現(xiàn)快捷指導(dǎo)窗口（可關(guān)閉）對(duì)合并后的主文件中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行完整性和適宜性的核對(duì)。（1）.數(shù)據(jù)的編輯使用E-DataAid來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。打開(kāi)E-DataAid（兩種方法）：E-DataAid 工作環(huán)境和Excel 類似。它可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的組織重排過(guò)濾顯示。 所有修改過(guò)的條目或數(shù)據(jù)都將顯為紅色，并記錄和顯示修改的時(shí)間。合并后的數(shù)據(jù)文件的Annotations會(huì)有修改的詳細(xì)記錄，顯示是主文件中的哪個(gè)子文件(來(lái)源文件)有了變動(dòng)，都有那些修改。如下圖：被試號(hào)從1改為了10的記錄。（1）.輸出未經(jīng)處理的原始數(shù)據(jù)兩種方法（菜單，按鈕）以不同的格式存儲(chǔ)以用于StatView, SPSS, Excel等軟件。“Other”表示可自定義格式以用于列表中沒(méi)有的軟