最新語言學(xué)概論復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)題目附答案!!

1、精品文檔Linguistics:1. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices bestcompletes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets2. () The study of language as a whole is often called linguistics.A. particular B. general C. ordinary D. g

2、enerative3. () can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language.A. PhonesB. Sounds C. Phonemes D. Speech sounds4. () The two clauses in a sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence.A. simple B. complete C. complex D. coordinate5. () The goal of is to explore the

3、nature of language variation and language useamong avariety of speech communities and indifferent social situations.A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguistics C. historical linguistics D. general linguistics6. () A vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining thehighestp

4、osition.A. back B. central C. front D. middle7. () The open, back and long vowel is .A. a : B. ?: C. ?: D. u:8. () Language change is universal, continuous and, to a considerable extent .A. regular but not systematic B. irregular and systematicC. regular and systematic D. irregular but systematic9.

5、() A scientific study of language is based on the investigation of language data.A. symbolic B. systemic C. systematic D. system10. () are sometimes called “ semivowels ” .A. vowels B. fricative C. glides D. nasals11. () is a typical tone language.A. English B. Chinese C. French D. American English1

6、2. () A sentence is considered when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in themind ofnative speakers.A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical13. () The number of the lexical items in the minor lexical categories is and no newmembersare allowed for.A. large B. small C. limitless D. fixe

7、d14. () Human beings are the only species that learns and acquires languageexplicitinstruction.A. with B. without C. within D. through15. () According to F. de Saussure, refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all themembers of a speech community.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. lang

8、uage16. () Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the properties of the stream of soundswhich aspeaker issues.A. oral B. mental C. physical D. recorded17. () is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worlds languages.A. Phonology B. Phonetics C. Morphology D. Phonemics18. () transcription is

9、 really the transcription required and used by the phoneticians intheirstudy of speech sounds.A. Broad B. Detailed C. Wide D. Narrow精品文檔精品文檔19. () The word “ motel ” is formed via word formation rule of .A. clipping B. blending C. acronym D. coinage20. () If a linguistic study aims to lay down rules

10、 for “ correct”behavior, i.e., to tell people whatthey should say and what they should not say, it is said to be .A. productive B. arbitrary C. prescriptive D. creative21. () , the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the secondelementreceives secondary stress.A. Orthographi

11、cally B. Phonetically C. Semantically D. Syntactically22. () is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Lexicology D. Coordination23. () is a kind of abbreviation of otherwise longer words or phrases.A. Abbreviation B. Acronym C. Clipping

12、D. Blending24. () Those that affect the syntactic category and the meaning of the root as well are .A. stems B. affixes C. suffixes D. prefixes.25. () refers to the process by which new words are formed by the addition of affixesto theroots, stems, or words.A. Derivation B. Compounding C. Blending D

13、. Back formation26. () Since the phonetic contrast between /k/ in the word “ kill ” and /k/ in the word “ coal” isnot a distinctive one, the two /k/ -s are only .A. phonemes B. phones C. segments D. allophones27. () When /p/ and /b/ occur in the same environments and distinguish meaning, they are in

14、.A. minimal pair B. minimal set C. phonemic contrast D. complementary distribution28. () at the end of stems can modify the meaning of the original word and in manycaseschange its part of speech.A. Roots B. Prefixes C. Suffixes D. Free morphemes29. () As /k/ in the word “ came” and /g/ in the word “

15、 game”are said to form a distinctiveopposition in English, they are .A. sounds B. phonemes C. allophones D. varieties30. () The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are sounds.A. consonantal B. voiced C. vowel D. voiceless31. () are added to an existing form to create a word, which is a

16、 very common way tocreatenew words in English.A. Inflectional affixes B. Free morpheme C. Derivational affixes D. Stems32. () is a process of semantic change in which a word loses its former meaning andacquires anew, sometimes related meaning.A. Semantic narrowing B. Semantic broadening C. Semantic

17、borrowing D. Semantic shift33. () studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication.A. Phonology B. Morphology C. Lexicology D. Phonetics34. () Stress in English is used to semantically important words.A. signal B. stand out C. identify D. single35. () refers to the physiologica

18、l effect of one sound on another.A. Sound assimilation B. Internal borrowing C. Elaboration D. Rule simplification36. () A compound word consists of .A. two or more than two wordsB. two morphemesC. two root morphemesD. two or more morphemes精品文檔精品文檔37. () Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the mo

19、st flexible.A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords38. () “ alive” and “ dead”are .A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above39. ( )The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is .A. lexicalB. grammatical C. morphemic D. semanticII. Directions:

20、 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.1. English is an ilanguage.2. The affixes occurring at the beginning of a word a

21、re called p.3. IPA stands for International Phonetic A.4. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called sfeatures.5. Cis a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.6. Pstudies language in relation to the mind.7. Human capacity for language has a gbas

22、is, but the details of language have to be taught andlearned.8. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d.9. Pis interested in the system of sounds of a particular language.10. Fmorphemes are independent units of meaning and can be used freely

23、all bythemselves.11. Bis a process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words.12. An English speaker and Chinese speaker are both able to use a language, but they are not mutually intelligible. This is a case of ctransmission.13. Cdistribution means that the allophones of the same phone

24、me always occur indifferentphonetic environments.14. Affixes like “ im-” , “ il -” , “ un-” , “ -tion ” , “ -or” , “ -hood” , are called daffixes.15. The two clauses in a complex sentence hold unequal status, one sthe other.16. Modern linguistics gives priority to the sform of language.17. A bound r

25、can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.18. Language is pin that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals byits users.19. Poccur at the beginning of a word and suffixes at the end.20. Historical linguists are concerned with the historical dof l

26、anguages and the processesinvolvedin language change.21. Linguistics is generally defined as the sstudy of language.22. Dmeans that language can be used to refer to things which present or not present, realorimagined matters in the past, present , or future, or in faraway places.23. The sequential o

27、rder of words in a sentence suggests that the structure of a sentence isl.24. Lying across the glottis are the vcords, which are not really cords or strings as thenameindicates, but two membranes.25. Sis the sub -discipline of linguistics that studies the social significance of languagevariation and

28、language use in different speech communities including regional, ethnic and social groups.26. Iaffixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such asnumber,degree, and case.27. A dstudy of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development oflanguageover

29、a period of time.28. In terms of morphemic analysis, ccan be viewed as the combination of two orsometimes more精品文檔精品文檔than two words to create new words.29. An acronym is a word created by combining the iletters of a number of words.30. The description of a language as it changes through time is a d

30、study.31. The study of all these social aspects of language and its relation with society is known ass.32. O, a compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen in between, or astwoseparate words.33. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in iso

31、lation, they are collectively known as i.34. The long vowels are all tvowels and the short vowels are lvowels.35. A scommunity is a group of people who form a community and share the samelanguage or aparticular variety of language.36. When two different forms are identical in every way except for on

32、e sound segment which occurs in thesame place in the strings, the two words are said to form a mpair.37. Language is a system of avocal symbols used for human communication.38. Normally a sentence consists of at least a subject and its predicate which contains a fverb or averb phrase.39. Chomsky def

33、ines competence as the ideal users kof the rules of his language.40. The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b.41. Mis a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and therules bywhich words are formed.42. Scan be defined as the study of

34、 meaning.43. The conceptualist view holds that there is no dlink between a linguistic form and what itrefers to.44. Rmeans what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with therelationshipbetween the linguistic element and the non -linguistic world of experience.45. Words t

35、hat are close in meaning are called s.46. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called h.47. Ropposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the twoitems.48. A ssentence consists of a single clause which contains a su

36、bject and a predicate andstands alone as its own sentence.49. A smay be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.田.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

37、1. () Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, but sometimes prescriptive.2. () Distinctive features are the same to any language.3. () One of the clauses in a coordinate sentence is subordinate to the other.4. () In English and many other languages, the subject usually follows the verb and the dir

38、ect objectusuallyprecedes the verb.5. () The most vigorous and on going change in the historical development of a language is thechange in its vocabulary.6. () SLA stands for second language acquisition.7. () The writing system of any language is always a laterinvention, used to record the speech.8.

39、 () Both phonology and phonetics are studies of speechsounds.9. () The root of a word is the smallest meaningful unit oflanguage.10. () Historical linguistics studies language change.11. () Language is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.12. () A synchronic

40、study of language is a historical study.精品文檔精品文檔13. () The structure of words is not governed by rules.14. () Epenthesis is a change that involves the insertion of a consonant or a vowel sound to themiddle of aword.15. () Language is vocal because the primary medium is sound for all languages.16. ()

41、 Phonology is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with allthesounds that occur in the worlds languages.17. () Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: wordstress and sentence stress.18. () WH movement is obligatory in E

42、nglish which changes a sentence from affirmative tointerrogative.19. () Morphology and syntax study the same aspect of language.20. () Stress is a relative notion; only words with two or more syllables can be said to have wordstress, and monosyllabic words can not be said to have word stress.21. ()

43、Free morphemes are the same as bound morphemes.22. () Language change is different from the change in the grammar.23. () An acronym is a shortened form of a word or phrase which represents the complete form.24. () Some languages are more challenging to acquire as a native language.25. () The ultimat

44、e objective of language is to create grammatically well formed sentences.26. () Suffixes, in contrast with prefixes, are added to the end of stems.27. () Sound assimilation refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.28. () It is the property of arbitrariness that provides speakers wi

45、th an opportunity to talk about awide rangeof things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place.29. () When language users use it to convey information, thoughts and feelings from one person toanotheror as an attempt to control each others behavior, we think that language is now func

46、tioning as a means of intrapersonal communication.30. () A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.31. () The location of one of the suprasegmental features in English stress does distinguishmeaning.32. () Most English words are closed categories because the number of the l

47、exical items in thesecategoriesis fixed and no new members are allowed for, so they are known as major lexical categories.33. () Language as the most important tool for human communication is both an open system and aclosedsystem as well. It is closed because its forms in terms of sentences are regu

48、lar, stable and context free. It is open because of its being variable, and context sensitive.34. () What any individual speaker says within the same speech community is known as idiolect.35. () A coordinate sentence contains two clauses which hold unequal status, that is, with onesubordinating the

49、other.36. () It seems that with the help of language people may “ think ” better, and here it is believedthatlanguage is exerting its function of interpersonal communication.37. () General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methodsapplicablein any linguistic s

50、tudy.38. () Languages vary in the order of the subject, the verb and the object.39. () The distinction between Saussures langue and Chomskys competence lies in that the formeris amatter of social conventions while the latter emphasizes the property of the mind of each individual.40. () Words are the

51、 smallest unit of language that can not be broken down into even smallercomponents.41. () Blending is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit.42. () Phonetics deals with how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning.43. () Linguistic performance is essentially a socia

52、l phenomenon but not a context dependentbehavior.44. () There are actually many other communicative systems rather than human language that arealso rule精品文檔精品文檔governed.45. () Morphology is divided into three sub -branches: inflectional morphology, lexical morphologyandderivational morphology.46. ()

53、In some sense we may use the term diachronic linguistics instead of historical linguistics.47. ()The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.48. ()Both phonology and phonetics are studies of sound though they have different emphases.49. ()Generally speaking, the

54、 standard language is more effective in expressing ideas than anyother dialectcoexisting with it.50. () Major lexical categories are open categories.51. () The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of gender markings only.52. () In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language

55、 is given more emphasis than thespokenform for a number of reasons.53. () Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.54. () The compound word ookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that themeaning ofa compound is the sum total of the

56、meanings of its components.55. () Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British EnglishandAmerican English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.56. () Sense is concerned with the relationship bet

57、ween the linguistic element and thenon-linguistic worldof experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.57. () Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.58. () In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to thephysicalworld of experience.IV. Explain the following terms bri