串口調(diào)試編程

1、Visual Basic與RS-232串口通信論文題目： Visual Basic與RS-232串口通信實(shí)作者：高麗君班級(jí)：自動(dòng)化0803班學(xué)號(hào)： 0806050303時(shí)間： 2011年5月8日Visual Basic與RS-232串口通信實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模和ㄟ^(guò)軟件Visual Basic編寫程序和硬件計(jì)算機(jī)、RS-232實(shí)現(xiàn)比較完善的通信：數(shù)據(jù)的接收與發(fā)送。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)器材：PC機(jī)一臺(tái)、RS-232一條、Visual Basic軟件三、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容：（1） 在線設(shè)置通信速率、奇偶校驗(yàn)、通信口而無(wú)需重新啟動(dòng)程序；（2） 設(shè)置定時(shí)發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)和時(shí)間間隔；（3） 自動(dòng)顯示接收到的數(shù)據(jù)，并能在在字符串、十進(jìn)制

2、、十六進(jìn)制之間進(jìn)行自由切換；（4） 自動(dòng)保存設(shè)置參數(shù)。四、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：4.1Visual Basic 簡(jiǎn)介Visual Basic（VB）是一種由微軟公司開發(fā)的包含協(xié)助開發(fā)環(huán)境的事件驅(qū)動(dòng)編程語(yǔ)言。VB擁有圖形用戶界面（GUI）和快速應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)（RAD）系統(tǒng)，可以輕易的使用DAO、RDO、ADO連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，或者輕松的創(chuàng)建ActiveX控件。程序員可以輕松的使用VB提供的組件快速建立一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。4.1.1窗體控件控件就是構(gòu)成或者說(shuō)建造Visual Basic應(yīng)用程序的圖形化工具，包括窗體、按鈕、復(fù)選框、列表框、數(shù)據(jù)控件、表格控件和圖片控件等等.。每個(gè)控件都有自己的屬性和事件。默認(rèn)的屬性值會(huì)在控件

3、創(chuàng)建的時(shí)候提供，但是程序員也可以進(jìn)行更改。很多的屬性值可以在運(yùn)行時(shí)候隨著用戶的動(dòng)作和修改進(jìn)行改動(dòng)，這樣就形成了一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的程序。 VB的組件既可以擁有用戶界面，也可以沒(méi)有。這樣一來(lái)服務(wù)器端程序就可以處理增加的模塊。41.2VB的程序可以包含一個(gè)或多個(gè)窗體，或者是一個(gè)主窗體和多個(gè)子窗體。有很少功能的對(duì)話框窗口（比如沒(méi)有最大化和最小化按鈕的窗體）可以用來(lái)提供彈出功能事件由用戶或操作系統(tǒng)引發(fā)的動(dòng)作。事件的示例有擊鍵、單擊鼠標(biāo)(Click)、雙擊鼠標(biāo)(DblClick)、一段時(shí)間的限制，或從端口接收數(shù)據(jù)。4.2 RS-232串口通信原理串口是計(jì)算機(jī)上一種非常通用設(shè)備通信的協(xié)議，大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)包含兩個(gè)基于R

4、S-232的串口。串口同時(shí)也是儀器儀表設(shè)備通用的通信協(xié)議；很多GPIB兼容的設(shè)備也帶有RS-232口。同時(shí)，串口通信協(xié)議也可以用于獲取遠(yuǎn)程采集設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)。電氣特性：RS-232標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的信號(hào)傳輸?shù)淖畲箅娎|長(zhǎng)度為30M； RS-232C上傳送的數(shù)字量采用負(fù)邏輯，且與地對(duì)稱。邏輯1：-3-15V   （單片機(jī)一般為-10V）邏輯0：+3+15V   （單片機(jī)一般為+10V）4.3串口通信串口通信的概念非常簡(jiǎn)單，串口按位（bit）發(fā)送和接收字節(jié)。盡管比按字節(jié)（byte）的并行通信慢，但是串口可以在使用一根線發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的同時(shí)用另一根線接收數(shù)據(jù)。它很簡(jiǎn)單并且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距

5、離通信。典型地，串口用于ASCII碼字符的傳輸。通信使用3根線完成：地線，發(fā)送，接收。由于串口通信是異步的，端口能夠在一根線上發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)同時(shí)在另一根線上接收數(shù)據(jù)。其他線用于握手，但是不是必須的。串口通信最重要的參數(shù)是波特率、數(shù)據(jù)位、停止位和奇偶校驗(yàn)。對(duì)于兩個(gè)進(jìn)行通行的端口，這些參數(shù)必須匹配：波特率：這是一個(gè)衡量通信速度的參數(shù)。它表示每秒鐘傳送的bit的個(gè)數(shù)。例如300波特表示每秒鐘發(fā)送300個(gè)bit。當(dāng)我們提到時(shí)鐘周期時(shí)，我們就是指波特率例如如果協(xié)議需要4800波特率，那么時(shí)鐘是4800Hz。這意味著串口通信在數(shù)據(jù)線上的采樣率為4800Hz。通常電話線的波特率為14400，28800和36600

6、。波特率可以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于這些值，但是波特率和距離成反比。高波特率常常用于放置的很近的儀器間的通信，典型的例子就是GPIB設(shè)備的通信。數(shù)據(jù)位：這是衡量通信中實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)位的參數(shù)。當(dāng)計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)送一個(gè)信息包，實(shí)際的數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)是8位的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的值是5、7和8位。如何設(shè)置取決于你想傳送的信息。比如，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的ASCII碼是0127（7位）。擴(kuò)展的ASCII碼是0255（8位）。如果數(shù)據(jù)使用簡(jiǎn)單的文本（標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ASCII碼），那么每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)包使用7位數(shù)據(jù)。每個(gè)包是指一個(gè)字節(jié)，包括開始/停止位，數(shù)據(jù)位和奇偶校驗(yàn)位。由于實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)位取決于通信協(xié)議的選取，術(shù)語(yǔ)“包”指任何通信的情況。停止位：用于表示單個(gè)包的最后一位。典型的值為1，1.

7、5和2位。由于數(shù)據(jù)是在傳輸線上定時(shí)的，并且每一個(gè)設(shè)備有其自己的時(shí)鐘，很可能在通信中兩臺(tái)設(shè)備間出現(xiàn)了小小的不同步。因此停止位不僅僅是表示傳輸?shù)慕Y(jié)束，并且提供計(jì)算機(jī)校正時(shí)鐘同步的機(jī)會(huì)。適用于停止位的位數(shù)越多，不同時(shí)鐘同步的容忍程度越大，但是數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率同時(shí)也越慢。奇偶校驗(yàn)位：在串口通信中一種簡(jiǎn)單的檢錯(cuò)方式。有四種檢錯(cuò)方式：偶、奇、高和低。當(dāng)然沒(méi)有校驗(yàn)位也是可以的。對(duì)于偶和奇校驗(yàn)的情況，串口會(huì)設(shè)置校驗(yàn)位（數(shù)據(jù)位后面的一位），用一個(gè)值確保傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)有偶個(gè)或者奇?zhèn)€邏輯高位。例如，如果數(shù)據(jù)是011，那么對(duì)于偶校驗(yàn)，校驗(yàn)位為0，保證邏輯高的位數(shù)是偶數(shù)個(gè)。如果是奇校驗(yàn)，校驗(yàn)位位1，這樣就有3個(gè)邏輯高位。高位和低

8、位不真正的檢查數(shù)據(jù)，簡(jiǎn)單置位邏輯高或者邏輯低校驗(yàn)。這樣使得接收設(shè)備能夠知道一個(gè)位的狀態(tài)，有機(jī)會(huì)判斷是否有噪聲干擾了通信或者是否傳輸和接收數(shù)據(jù)是否不同步.五、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：5.1創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目文件創(chuàng)建一個(gè)基于對(duì)話框程序，其中設(shè)置“自動(dòng)發(fā)送”、“手動(dòng)發(fā)送”、“開始接收”、“設(shè)置參數(shù)”和“清除”按鈕，分別用于自動(dòng)向串口發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)、手動(dòng)向串口發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)、從串口接收數(shù)據(jù)和設(shè)置串口參數(shù)（串口參數(shù)，發(fā)送字符，自動(dòng)發(fā)送間隔）；一個(gè)對(duì)話框，響應(yīng)“設(shè)置參數(shù)”按鈕操作，用于設(shè)置串口參數(shù)，發(fā)送字符、自動(dòng)發(fā)送間隔。具體過(guò)程如下：（1）啟動(dòng)，選擇“文件”“新建工程”命令。（）在工程模板中選擇“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EXE”，Visual Basic將自

9、動(dòng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)Form窗體，屬行都是默認(rèn)設(shè)置。（3）選擇“文件”“保存工程”命令，（4）在控件工具欄上單擊鼠標(biāo)右鍵，在彈出的對(duì)話框中選擇“部件”，選擇Microsoft CommControl6,0，單擊“確定”按鈕把它加入到控件工具欄中。5.2設(shè)計(jì)窗體主界面如圖所示：5.3設(shè)置參數(shù)界面從工程菜單中選擇“添加窗體”為主窗體添加對(duì)話框，如圖所示：54設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)送與接收的流程圖：開始開始初始化初始化選擇接收數(shù)據(jù)類型選擇發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)類型設(shè)置參數(shù)設(shè)置參數(shù)接收發(fā)送結(jié)束結(jié)束發(fā)送流程圖接收流程圖5.5程序設(shè)計(jì)5.5.1建立公共模塊：（1）在菜單選擇“工程”“添加模塊”命令，則彈出“添加模塊”對(duì)話框。（2）選擇模塊圖標(biāo)后

10、，單擊“打開”按鈕，則模塊已經(jīng)添加到項(xiàng)目中了。將此模塊命名為Main。在模塊中定義整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的公共變量。Public intPort As Integer '串行口號(hào)Public strSet As String '協(xié)議設(shè)置Public intTime As Integer '發(fā)送時(shí)間間隔Public blnAutoSendFlag As Boolean '發(fā)送標(biāo)志Public blnReceiveFlag As Boolean '接收標(biāo)志Public intOutMode As Integer '發(fā)送模式Public strSendText As

11、 String '發(fā)送文本數(shù)據(jù)Public bytSendByte() As Byte '發(fā)送二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)Public intHexChk As Integer '十六進(jìn)制編碼標(biāo)志Public intAsciiChk As Integer 'ASCII碼標(biāo)志Public intAddressChk As Integer '地址標(biāo)志Public intAdd48Chk As Integer '4/8位地址標(biāo)志5.5.2 定義模塊變量'接收模塊Public bytReceiveByte() As Byte '接收到的字節(jié)Public i

12、ntReceiveLen As Integer '接收到的字節(jié)數(shù)'顯示模塊Public strAddress As String '地址信息Public strHex As String '十六進(jìn)制編碼Public strAscii As String 'ASCII碼Public intHexWidth As Integer '顯示列數(shù)Public intOriginX As Long '橫向原點(diǎn)(像素)Public intOriginY As Integer '縱向原點(diǎn)(行)Public intLine As Integer &

13、#39;總行數(shù)'顯示常量Public Const ChrWidth = 105 '單位寬度Public Const ChrHeight = 2 * ChrWidth '單位高度Public Const BorderWidth = 210 '預(yù)留邊界Public Const LineMax = 16 '最大顯示行數(shù)'*'輸入處理'處理接收到的字節(jié)流,并保存在全局變量'bytReceiveRyte()'*Public Sub InputManage(bytInput() As Byte, intInputLenth A

14、s Integer)Dim n As Integer '定義變量及初始化ReDim Preserve bytReceiveByte(intReceiveLen + intInputLenth)For n = 1 To intInputLenth Step 1bytReceiveByte(intReceiveLen + n - 1) = bytInput(n - 1)Next nintReceiveLen = intReceiveLen + intInputLenthEnd Sub'為輸出準(zhǔn)備文本'保存在全局變量'strText'strHex'st

15、rAddress'總行數(shù)保存在'intLinePublic Sub GetDisplayText()Dim n As IntegerDim intValue As IntegerDim intHighHex As IntegerDim intLowHex As IntegerDim strSingleChr As String * 1Dim intAddress As IntegerDim intAddressArray(8) As IntegerDim intHighAddress As Integer strAscii = "" '設(shè)置初值str

16、Hex = ""strAddress = "" '* '獲得16進(jìn)制碼和ASCII碼的字符串 '*For n = 1 To intReceiveLenintValue = bytReceiveByte(n - 1) If intValue < 32 Or intValue > 128 Then '處理非法字符strSingleChr = Chr(46) '對(duì)于不能顯示的ASCII碼,Else '用"."表示strSingleChr = Chr(intValue)End If

17、strAscii = strAscii + strSingleChr intHighHex = intValue 16 intLowHex = intValue - intHighHex * 16 If intHighHex < 10 Then intHighHex = intHighHex + 48 Else intHighHex = intHighHex + 55 End If If intLowHex < 10 Then intLowHex = intLowHex + 48 Else intLowHex = intLowHex + 55 End If strHex = str

18、Hex + " " + Chr$(intHighHex) + Chr$(intLowHex) + " "If (n Mod intHexWidth) = 0 Then '設(shè)置換行strAscii = strAscii + Chr$(13) + Chr$(10)strHex = strHex + Chr$(13) + Chr$(10)ElseEnd IfNext n'*'獲得地址字符串'*intLine = intReceiveLen intHexWidthIf (intReceiveLen - intHexWidth *

19、intLine) > 0 Then intLine = intLine + 1 End If For n = 1 To intLine intAddress = (n - 1) * intHexWidth If intAdd48Chk = 1 Then intHighAddress = 8ElseintHighAddress = 4End IfintAddressArray(0) = intAddress For m = 1 To intHighAddress intAddressArray(m) = intAddressArray(m - 1) 16 Next mFor m = 1 T

20、o intHighAddressintAddressArray(m - 1) = intAddressArray(m - 1) - intAddressArray(m) * 16Next m For m = 1 To intHighAddressIf intAddressArray(intHighAddress - m) < 10 Then intAddressArray(intHighAddress-m)=intAddressArray(intHighAddress - m) + Asc("0") ElseintAddressArray(intHighAddress

21、-m)=intAddressArray(intHighAddress - m) + Asc("A") - 10End IfstrAddress=strAddress+Chr$(intAddressArray(intHighAddress-m)Next mstrAddress = strAddress + Chr$(13) + Chr$(10) '設(shè)置換行 Next n '*End Sub'*'顯示輸出'*Public Sub display() Dim intViewWidth As Long '橫向?qū)挾?像素) Dim in

22、tViewLine As Integer '縱向?qū)挾?行) Dim strDisplayAddress As String Dim strDisplayHex As String Dim strDisplayAscii As String strDisplayAddress = "" strDisplayHex = "" strDisplayAscii = "" Dim intStart As Integer Dim intLenth As Integer intStart = intOriginY * (intHexWidt

23、h + 2) + 1 intLenth = intViewLine * (intHexWidth + 2) strDisplayAscii = Mid(strAscii, intStart, intLenth)End Sub'*'文本無(wú)變化的刷新'*Public Sub ScrollRedisplay() Call displayEnd Sub'*'文本發(fā)生變化的刷新'*Public Sub SlideRedisplay() Call GetDisplayText Call displayEnd Sub5.5.3 主窗體程序設(shè)置初始的發(fā)送和接收參

24、數(shù)；設(shè)置各復(fù)選框的初始狀態(tài)；初始串行口。'*'字符表示的十六進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的整數(shù)'錯(cuò)誤則返回 -1'*Function ConvertHexChr(str As String) As IntegerDim test As Integertest = Asc(str)If test >= Asc("0") And test <= Asc("9") Thentest = test - Asc("0")ElseIf test >= Asc("a") And test &

25、lt;= Asc("f") Thentest = test - Asc("a") + 10ElseIf test >= Asc("A") And test <= Asc("F") Thentest = test - Asc("A") + 10Elsetest = -1 '出錯(cuò)信息End IfConvertHexChr = testEnd Function'*'字符串表示的十六進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的字節(jié)串'返回轉(zhuǎn)化后的字節(jié)數(shù)'*Function s

26、trHexToByteArray(strText As String, bytByte() As Byte) As IntegerDim HexData As Integer '十六進(jìn)制(二進(jìn)制)數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)對(duì)應(yīng)值Dim hstr As String * 1 '高位字符Dim lstr As String * 1 '低位字符Dim HighHexData As Integer '高位數(shù)值Dim LowHexData As Integer '低位數(shù)值Dim HexDataLen As Integer '字節(jié)數(shù)Dim StringLen As Integ

27、er '字符串長(zhǎng)度Dim Account As Integer '計(jì)數(shù)strTestn = "" '設(shè)初值HexDataLen = 0strHexToByteArray = 0StringLen = Len(strText)Account = StringLen 2ReDim bytByte(Account) For n = 1 To StringLenDo '清除空格hstr = Mid(strText, n, 1) n = n + 1If (n - 1) > StringLen ThenHexDataLen = HexDataLen

28、 - 1 Exit ForEnd IfLoop While hstr = " "Dolstr = Mid(strText, n, 1)n = n + 1If (n - 1) > StringLen ThenHexDataLen = HexDataLen - 1Exit ForEnd IfLoop While lstr = " "n = n - 1If n > StringLen ThenHexDataLen = HexDataLen - 1Exit ForEnd IfHighHexData = ConvertHexChr(hstr)LowHe

29、xData = ConvertHexChr(lstr)If HighHexData = -1 Or LowHexData = -1 Then '遇到非法字符中斷轉(zhuǎn)化HexDataLen = HexDataLen - 1Exit ForElseHexData = HighHexData * 16 + LowHexDatabytByte(HexDataLen) = HexDataHexDataLen = HexDataLen + 1End IfNext n IfHexDataLen>0Then '修正最后一次循環(huán)改變的數(shù)值HexDataLen = HexDataLen - 1

30、ReDim Preserve bytByte(HexDataLen)ElseReDim Preserve bytByte(0)End IfIf StringLen = 0 Then '如果是空串,則不會(huì)進(jìn)入循環(huán)體strHexToByteArray = 0ElsestrHexToByteArray = HexDataLen + 1End IfEnd FunctionPrivate Sub combo_Click() If Mbo.Text = "按ASCII碼" ThenintOutMode = 0 ElseintOutMode = 1 End IfEnd SubPr

31、ivate Sub chkAddress_Click() If chkAddress.Value = 0 Then intAddressChk = 0 Else intAddressChk = 1 End If Call ScrollRedisplayEnd SubPrivate Sub chkAddress48_Click() If chkAddress48.Value = 1 Then intAdd48Chk = 1 Else intAdd48Chk = 0 End If Call SlideRedisplayEnd SubPrivate Sub chkAscii_Click() If c

32、hkAscii.Value = 1 Then intAsciiChk = 1 Else intAsciiChk = 0 End If Call ScrollRedisplayEnd SubPrivate Sub chkHex_Click() If chkHex.Value = 0 Then intHexChk = 0 Else intHexChk = 1 End If Call ScrollRedisplayEnd SubPrivate Sub send_Click() If blnAutoSendFlag Then Main.ctrTimer.Enabled = False If Not b

33、lnReceiveFlag Then Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = False End If Main.send.Caption = "自動(dòng)發(fā)送" Else If Not Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen Then Main.ctrMSComm.CommPort = intPort Main.ctrMSComm.Settings = strSet Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = True End If Main.ctrTimer.Interval = intTime Main.ctrTimer.Enabled = Tr

34、ue Main.send.Caption = "停止發(fā)送" End If blnAutoSendFlag = Not blnAutoSendFlagEnd SubPrivate Sub clear_Click() Dim bytTemp(0) As Byte ReDim bytReceiveByte(0) intReceiveLen = 0 Call InputManage(bytTemp, 0) Call GetDisplayText Call displayEnd SubPrivate Sub send2_Click() If Not Main.ctrMSComm.Po

35、rtOpen Then Main.ctrMSComm.CommPort = intPort Main.ctrMSComm.Settings = strSet Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = True End If Call ctrTimer_Timer If Not blnAutoSendFlag Then Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = False End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub Receive_Click() If blnReceiveFlag Then If Not blnAutoSendFlag And Not blnRecei

36、veFlag Then Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = False End If Main.Receive.Caption = "開始接收" Else If Not Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen Then Main.ctrMSComm.CommPort = intPort Main.ctrMSComm.Settings = strSet Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = True End If Main.ctrMSComm.InputLen = 0 Main.ctrMSComm.InputMode = 0 Main.c

37、trMSComm.InBufferCount = 0 Main.ctrMSComm.RThreshold = 1 Main.Receive.Caption = "停止接收" End If blnReceiveFlag = Not blnReceiveFlagEnd SubPrivate Sub setting_Click() config.Show config.Port.Text = str(intPort) config.Setting.Text = strSet config.Time.Text = str(intTime)End SubPrivate Sub ctr

38、MSComm_OnComm() Dim bytInput() As Byte Dim intInputLen As Integer Case comEvReceive If blnReceiveFlag ThenIf Not Main.ctrMSComm.PortOpen ThenMain.ctrMSComm.CommPort = intPortMain.ctrMSComm.Settings = strSetMain.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = TrueEnd If'此處添加處理接收的代碼Main.ctrMSComm.InputMode = comInputModeBin

39、aryReDimCall InputManage(bytInput, intInputLen)Call GetDisplayTextCall displayIf Not blnAutoSendFlag And Not blnReceiveFlag ThenMain.ctrMSComm.PortOpen = False End IfEnd SelectEnd SubPrivate Sub ctrTimer_Timer() Dim longth As Integer If intOutMode = 0 Then Main.txtReceive.Text = "ascii" Ma

40、in.ctrMSComm.Output = strSendText Else 'add code longth = strHexToByteArray(strSendText, bytSendByte() If longth > 0 Then Main.ctrMSComm.Output = bytSendByte End If End IfEnd Sub'*'初始化'*Private Sub Form_Load()If ctrMSComm.PortOpen = False ThenctrMSComm.PortOpen = TrueEnd If '設(shè)

41、置默認(rèn)發(fā)送接收關(guān)閉狀態(tài) blnAutoSendFlag = False blnReceiveFlag = False '接收初始化 intReceiveLen = 0 '默認(rèn)發(fā)送方式為ASCII intOutMode = 0 Mbo.Text = "按ASCII碼" '默認(rèn)顯示寬度位數(shù)為8 intHexWidth = 8 '默認(rèn)各復(fù)選框處于選定狀態(tài) intHexChk = 1 intAsciiChk = 1 intAddressChk = 1 intAdd48Chk = 1 Main.chkAddress.Value = intAddressChk Main.chkAscii.Valu