高中主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

1、主謂一致主謂一致指人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。主謂一致可分為:語(yǔ)法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致。一、語(yǔ)法一致原則：即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)。以下為注意事項(xiàng)：1. 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, accompanied by, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如：Air as well as water is ma

2、tter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐。2. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.(一個(gè)人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and

3、fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語(yǔ)), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)), 或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果其后是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： What she said is correct她說(shuō)的是正確的。 What he gave m

4、e are five English books他給我的是5本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。 What he needs is money他需要的是錢(qián)。 若用and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit早起早睡是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 When and where the building will be built hasnt been decided 何時(shí)何地建大樓還未定下來(lái)。 Making mistakes and learning to cor

5、rect them are a part of life 犯錯(cuò)誤和學(xué)會(huì)改正錯(cuò)誤是生活的一部分。 What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program你所吃的與你鍛煉的量對(duì)你的減肥計(jì)劃都是重要的因素。4. 連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every, no 或 many a 修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was

6、absent from the meeting. 沒(méi)有老師也沒(méi)有學(xué)生開(kāi)會(huì)缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說(shuō)。We each have something to say. 6. 若主語(yǔ)中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than o

7、ne做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。7. none 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 但是當(dāng)eitherneither of.構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式(在口語(yǔ)中也可視為復(fù)數(shù))如：None of us are (is) perfect

8、. 人無(wú)完人。 None of the money was paid to me. Either of the girls is Anns sister那兩個(gè)女孩中有一個(gè)是安的姐姐。Neither of them is going to give up the chance他們兩個(gè)都不打算放棄那個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).如:A pair of glasses is o

9、n the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國(guó)名如: the United States; 報(bào)紙名如: the New Times; 書(shū)名如: Arabian Night <天方夜談> 以及The United Nations<聯(lián)合國(guó)> 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10. “a +名詞+and a half ”, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如：On

10、ly one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。二、內(nèi)容一致原則：1.主語(yǔ)中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車(chē)，今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little b

11、oy. 這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋(píng)果都是爛的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù)。如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書(shū)已運(yùn)到。A part of the apple has been

12、 eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的一部分被豬吃光了。3. 加減乘除用單數(shù)。如：Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢(qián), 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. 集合名詞的主謂一致1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞。包括police , people, cattle, folk, poultry(家禽）等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如: The British police

13、have only very limited powers.2) 表示類別總稱的集合名詞通常作不可數(shù)名詞。包括equipment, furniture, clothing（衣服）, luggage，jewelry, machinery (機(jī)械） 等.3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞。包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public等。如：The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。6. the +形容詞/過(guò)去分詞形式”表

14、示一類人或事物, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The injured were saved after the fire. 當(dāng)某些形容詞同定冠詞連用表示某類事物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式The beautiful lives forever美是永存的。The old gives place to the new新陳代謝。7. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，要根據(jù)上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來(lái)確定其謂語(yǔ)形式。常見(jiàn)的這部分名詞有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters，series，sheep，sp

15、ecies，works（工廠）等。如： The crossroads isare dangerous這個(gè)(些)十字路口很危險(xiǎn)。 Every means has been tried各種方法都試過(guò)了。 All possible means have been tried所有可能的方法都試過(guò)了。 A steel works has just been built there那兒剛建了一座鋼廠。 Lots of aircraft were sent there很多飛機(jī)被派往那兒。 注意 fishes表示“各種各樣的魚(yú)”。名詞clothes，works(作“著作”講)，goods，contents，t

16、he Olympic Games的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞律律用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Clothes keep people warm衣服使人保暖。 His works have been translated into several foreign languages 他的著作已經(jīng)被翻譯成了好幾種外語(yǔ)。 若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可與不定冠詞a或數(shù)詞連用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work，“兩部作品”用two works。三、就近原則1. 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。如: He

17、re comes the bus 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。2. 用連詞or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。3主語(yǔ)由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與肯定的一

18、致。如： Not you but I am to answer for itI，not you，am to answer for it對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)的是我而不是你4表示數(shù)量的“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。如： One and a half bananas is left on the table桌子上還剩有一個(gè)半香蕉。 One and a half hours is enough一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。注意：one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中, 定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：Mary is one of those people

19、who keep pets. 瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。1“aan+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： A student or two has failed the exam一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 “one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： One or two students were plantin

20、g trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在植樹(shù)。2在“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+thatwho.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，be用單數(shù)形式is或was，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)，thatwho后的謂語(yǔ)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。如： It is I who am a student我是學(xué)生。 It is they who have worked there for five years是他們?cè)谀莾汗ぷ髁?年。3“the majority of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)既可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The majority of

21、 boys like football大多數(shù)男孩喜愛(ài)足球。 The majority waswere in favour of banning smoking大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。 The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio多數(shù)人喜歡電視勝過(guò)廣播。4“an average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“平均有”；“the average of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“的平均數(shù)”。如： An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school ever

22、y year 每年平均有三千人來(lái)這所名校參觀。 The average of 14，3 and 1 is 614，3和1的平均數(shù)是6。5“a total of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“總共有”；“the total of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，意思是“的總數(shù)”。如： A total of 300 letters were received last month 上個(gè)月總共收到了三百封信。 The total of letters received last month was 300上個(gè)月收到的信總數(shù)是三百封。6當(dāng)man(人類)，the world(世界上的人，人類)

23、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如： Only man knows how to cook只有人類懂得烹飪。 Only man is capable of speech+只有人類才具有說(shuō)話的能力。 All the world knows that the earth is round世界上的人都知道地球是圓的。 7. population表示“人口”，即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，population是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)后面出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)名詞與其呼應(yīng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最好用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The pop

24、ulation of Canada is about 29 million 加拿大的人口約為2 900萬(wàn)。Just under a third of the population now smokessmoke in this country 在這個(gè)國(guó)家目前吸煙人數(shù)不到總?cè)丝诘娜种弧?About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants 這個(gè)國(guó)家大約百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。8由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等，以及由與kind意

25、義相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等構(gòu)成的類似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種鳥(niǎo)。 A part of the book is not interesting這本書(shū)里有一部分內(nèi)容沒(méi)趣。 Parts of the book are very instructive 這本書(shū)有幾部分內(nèi)容很有教育意義。 These are two different forms of the same thing 這些是同一事物兩種不同的形式。 練 習(xí) 1

26、.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your

27、close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. isC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; was C. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary t

28、o sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; them C. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of

29、 science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole

30、family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watching C. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits1

31、5. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preserved C. were preservedD. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C.

32、isD. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wasD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a sto

33、ry of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large

34、 period of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knows C. is knownD. are known27

35、. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has been C. had beenD. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us hasB. Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their

36、position.A. were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoyB. were enjoyingC. enjoysD. enjoy1.解析：選B. hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)不加-s2. 解析：選D. 當(dāng)either or 連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3. 解析：選A. who 為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用am.4. 解析：選D. 主語(yǔ)the Olympic Games 意為：奧運(yùn)會(huì)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語(yǔ)從句，