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1、廣播式自動相關(guān)監(jiān)視（ADS-B)在澳洲的運行ADS-B 飛行運行研討會2010N年6月17-18日Ed Williams Airservices AustraliaTemplate Last Updated: 24 February 2005內(nèi)容監(jiān)視概念A(yù)DS-B如何工作Bundaberg運行驗證ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行規(guī)章的考慮ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)與鄰近用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）未來的應(yīng)用2© Airservices Australia 中國和澳洲澳洲的空通環(huán)境2S75E163E間隔程序間隔大約 5000 海里© Airservices Aust

2、ralia中國&澳洲巨大的空域4© Airservices Australia澳洲&中國都有高密度的 國內(nèi)空域國際航線網(wǎng)絡(luò)相似的交通分布5© Airservices Australia內(nèi)容中國和澳洲ADS-B如何工作Bundaberg 運行驗證ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行規(guī)章的考慮ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)與鄰近用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）未來的應(yīng)用6© Airservices Australia 監(jiān)視的概念空通程序機組報告其位置采用語音方式 (高頻, 甚高頻)慢, 冗長易受人為差錯的影響廣播: 每個人 “在頻率上” 聆聽通過程序和標(biāo)

3、準(zhǔn)維持安全一種形式的相關(guān)監(jiān)視 我們依靠機組和飛機的導(dǎo)航能力大的間隔標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 飛機位置不確定 (ATC的觀點) 通信延遲 (尤其是高頻的語音)© Airservices Australia7監(jiān)視測量:飛機位置 距離& 方位角下行:高度 & 識別號以平面視角顯示更小的間隔標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 支持 off-track & 航向價格昂貴終端區(qū) & 高密度航路8© Airservices Australia合約式自動相關(guān)監(jiān)視（ADS-C)在“大” 飛機上的FANS1/A設(shè)備 昂貴的航電設(shè)備通過第服務(wù)商使用和甚高頻數(shù)據(jù)鏈自動,準(zhǔn)確的航路報告較慢的更新率 (通常每隔14分鐘

4、更新一次)支持例行報告 & 安全告警其它飛機不能見到報告SITA / ARINC.數(shù)據(jù)鏈昂貴不支持 tactical control9© Airservices AustraliaADS-B是什么? Automatic 自動4 不需要機組介入 Dependent 相關(guān)4 信息源在飛機上 Surveillance 監(jiān)視4444飛機位置高度 識別號速度 航向, + . . . Broadcast 廣播4 任何地面站和飛機都可以接收自動位置報告10© Airservices Australia內(nèi)容中國和澳洲監(jiān)視概念Bundaberg運行驗證ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行規(guī)章的考慮

5、ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)與鄰近用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）未來的應(yīng)用11© Airservices Australia ADS-B如何工作ADS-B “OUT”空-地監(jiān)視多模式應(yīng)答機全球?qū)Ш紾NSS）系統(tǒng)（識別號 (callsign)位置高度速度航向垂直速率應(yīng)答機通常兩次廣播每秒ADS-B地面站12© Airservices Austra集成到空管系統(tǒng)軌跡ADS B軌跡新標(biāo)示ADS- C軌跡飛行計劃軌跡13© Airservices AustraliaADS-B “IN”增強 “看見 & 避讓” 空-空監(jiān)視交通信息顯示在多功能顯示器（

6、MFD）或PDA上14© Airservices Australia內(nèi)容中國和澳洲監(jiān)視概念A(yù)DS-B如何工作ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行規(guī)章的考慮ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)與鄰近用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）未來的應(yīng)用15© Airservices Australia Bundaberg運行驗證Burnett Basin靠近班達伯格 （Bundaberg）飛機覆蓋12000英尺Burnett Basin ADS-B (初始) 120 Nm范圍2 天線BrisbaneSydney© Airservices AustraliaBundaberg 實驗部署和

7、運營受委任的 ADS-B在有限地域初始裝備9架飛機DHC8, Shorts 360, B200, Jabiru B738 & A320 2006年1月加入39 架飛機其中2架直升機一個共享區(qū)CA間隔執(zhí)行17© Airservices Australia內(nèi)容中國和澳洲監(jiān)視概念A(yù)DS-B如何工作Bundaberg運行驗證規(guī)章的考慮與鄰近ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）未來的應(yīng)用18© Airservices Australia ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行內(nèi)陸空域項目ADS-B 覆蓋在30,000 英尺Thales正在啟封ADS-BA

8、DS-B19高空空域項目ATC在大陸的覆蓋范圍 29 雙備份的地面臺通信連接到ATC4 ADS-B 數(shù)據(jù)4 VHF 空-地語音通信飛機需裝備ADS-B設(shè)備對安全的益處 RAM, CLAM, STCA對效率的益處 optimum level, off fixed routes 30000英尺以上交通管理低密度的非空域20© Airservices Australia在Woomera ADS-B 安裝將被拆除的舊塔VHF 通信天線到ATC中心的通信ADS-B天線在Longreach的ADS-B 安裝VHF語音天線ADS-B天線到ATC中心的通信在Esperance的ADS-B安裝部分AD

9、S-B安裝在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)太陽能電源 VHF Comms ADS-B Satellite LinkBillabong RoadhouseADS-B天線在折疊的天線立柱上集成到空管系統(tǒng)軌跡通過24位地址碼接入到FDP警告 (RAM, CLAM )包括集成到ATC培訓(xùn)模擬器ADS B軌跡集成到已運行3年和分析工具新標(biāo)示 現(xiàn)已經(jīng)投入日常運行中驗證ADS- C軌跡飛行計劃軌跡27© Airservices Australia2009年12月18日開始運行在ATC顯示27 (+3) 個地面站5 NM間隔 所有的地面站員培訓(xùn)結(jié)束運行批準(zhǔn)已獲得NOTAM頒布C8395/09 NOTAMNQ) YUXX/

10、QX/IV/BO/E/000/999/A) YMMM/YBBBB) 0912181400 C) 1001310600 ESTE) SURVEILLANCE SEPARATION AVBL OUTSIDE RADAR COVERAGE IN BRISBANE AND MELBOURNE FIR DUE ADS-B UPPER AIRSPACE PROGRAM STAGE 3 IMPLEMENTATION COVERAGE DETAILS AVAILABLE ATADSB/UAP.ASP澳洲的ADS-B軌跡達爾文FANS1/ ADS-C飛行計劃軌跡布里斯班ADS-B29© Airserv

11、ices Australia2010年1月10日 的ADS-B報告由28個ADS-B&TAS WAM 個地面站接收31© Airservices Australia覆蓋在10,000英尺ADS-B 在低高度空域已提供了充足的覆蓋32© Airservices AustraliaBroome© Airservices AustraliaBroome© Airservices Australia地面移動ADS-B悉尼在跑道上的飛機墨爾本布里斯班珀斯地面車輛© Airservices AustraliaADS-B 裝機比率 vs 時間ADS

12、-BFITMENT RATES OVER TIM E80 .00 %按航班計算70 .00 %60 .00 %50 .00 %40 .00 %30 .00 %20 .00 %10 .00 %0 .00 %Dat e36© Airservices AustraliaPercentage fitmentAL L S C HE DU L ED INTERNATIO NALS DOMES TIC GENERA L A VIATIO NDOMES TIC M ILITARYDOMES TIC NON-SCHEDULED DOMES TIC SCHEDULEDPo ly. (A LL SCHED

13、ULED INTERNATIONALS ) Po ly. (DO MESTIC SCHEDULED)內(nèi)容中國和澳洲監(jiān)視概念A(yù)DS-B如何工作Bundaberg運行驗證ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)與鄰近用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）未來的應(yīng)用37© Airservices Australia 規(guī)章的考慮批準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手冊38© Airservices AustraliaAIP補充Æ AIP現(xiàn)在包括在AIP中AIP 補充機組必須鍵入飛機 ID(FPL第7項):CSN 1234CES 567840© Airservices A

14、ustralia提供的機組學(xué)習(xí)資料2006年4月所有機組配備ADS-B手冊2006年4月提供基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的飛行運行信息包通用航空FAQ & 介紹9ts/adsb/faq.asp9ts/adsb/presentations.asp41ADS-B 要求經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的GNSS經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的應(yīng)答機輸入飛機 ID ADS-B 的要求: 當(dāng)前的自愿者 飛機被給予更高的運行優(yōu)先級 12/12/2013后 在FL 290以上飛行必須具備GNSS的要求 在完整性中必須使用水平保護標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（HPL）28/6/2012后的新飛機必須有SA awareADS-B 信號必須滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(DO260 / A / B .)42©

15、 Airservices Australia問什么航電采用TSO-C145/146/196為什么ADS-B采用TSO-C156/146/196或CASA或批準(zhǔn)的等效文件可獲得和持續(xù)TSO 要求:輸出水平保護標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（HPL）沒有假設(shè) SA (對HPL有較大影響)增強系統(tǒng)/廣域增強系統(tǒng)（SBAS/WAAS不要求）信號TSO-C129a+FDE+SA aware 視為等效文件43© Airservices AustraliaADS-B完監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)44© Airservices AustraliaATC ADS-B 間隔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ICAO ADS-B 間隔標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 基于同 5 海里和 3 海里的

16、比較評估SASP & OPLINK 開發(fā)和同意PANS ATM Doc 444445© Airservices Australia內(nèi)容中國和澳洲監(jiān)視概念A(yù)DS-B如何工作Bundaberg運行驗證ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行規(guī)章的考慮用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）未來的應(yīng)用46© Airservices Australia 與鄰近ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)飛行情報區(qū)邊界回顧無足夠的協(xié)作時間CO-ORD TIME, 19非預(yù)期的飛機AWARENESS, 24RAM-FLIPCY, 22飛機不在預(yù)期的航路飛機不在預(yù)期的時間飛機不在預(yù)期的高度ADS-B沒有輔助

17、47© Airservices AustraliaNot ADS-B, 262CLAM, 62ETO, 27Summary All IncidentsADS-B數(shù)據(jù)48© Airservices Australia進展Airservices &DGCA已近批準(zhǔn)項目Gove & Thursday 正在運行 (澳洲)Merauke & Saumlaki 正在運行 ()其它部門已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備供審議的協(xié)議草案49© Airservices Australia內(nèi)容中國和澳洲監(jiān)視概念A(yù)DS-B如何工作Bundaberg運行驗證ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行規(guī)章的考慮

18、ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)與鄰近未來的應(yīng)用50© Airservices Australia 用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）RNP & GLS51Airservices Australia內(nèi)容中國和澳洲監(jiān)視概念A(yù)DS-B如何工作Bundaberg運行驗證ADS-B在澳洲的執(zhí)行規(guī)章的考慮ADS-B數(shù)據(jù)與鄰近用ADS-B監(jiān)視RNP（所需導(dǎo)航性能） GLS（GPS著陸）52© Airservices Australia 未來的應(yīng)用在駕駛艙中的交通顯示一般情景意識其它飛機在接近高度層更換程序 In Trail Procedures其它飛機位置可見ADS-B

19、提供與前面飛機的距離支持在被占用的高度層上上升或下降期望的高度層FL360FL350FL340 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間隔53© Airservices AustraliaADS-B / PBN 配合ADS-B 位置信號源 GNSS54© Airservices AustraliaNav SpecAvionicsRNP 4GNSS with inertial(only found in modern jet aircraft)RNP 2GNSS (with or without inertial)RNP 1GNSS (with or without inertial)RNP 0.3 RNP

20、APCHGNSS (with or without inertial)RNAV (GNSS)GNSS (with or without inertial)Nav SpecAvionicsRNAV 10(RNP 10)Inertial with or without VOR/DME update; orGNSSRNAV 5DME-DME, Inertial with VOR/DME update; orGNSSRNAV 2DME-DME, Inertial with VOR/DME update; orGNSSRNAV 1DME-DME, Inertial with VOR/DME update

21、; orGNSSRNAV(GNSS)GNSS討論Ed.WilliamsAirservicesA55© Airservices Australia情景意識的新階段駕駛艙交通信息顯示56© Airservices AustraliaPass Behind ApplicationCourtesy of BAe Systems57© Airservices AustraliaAdditional Slides58© Airservices AustraliaAvionics Avionics59© Airservices AustraliaDF 17

22、Squit + Mode A/C/SKLN 94Aircraft State RS-232Altitude Gillham A-429 RS-232KT 7360ervices ADF 18 SquitOnlyKLN 94Aircraft State RS-232Altitude Gillham A-429 RS-232KT 73Mode A/C/SL-BAND SUPPRESSION BUS61© Airservices AADS-B Class B (ADS-B Out) Avionics ArchitectureBaseline in Passengerconfiguratio

23、n. May need to be upgraded to Change 7 to be compatible with upgraded TransponderExisting UnitsReplace if required for Flight IDNew AdditionsPosition, Velocity, .ADS-B OUTAltitudeAdapted from a FedEx presentationUpgrade To Include ADS-B Functionality62© Airservices AustraliaAirliner Mod Kit for

24、 “ADS-B out”Transponder SoftwareGNSS Avionics to Transponder 429 data busAdapted from a FedEx presentationDont need cockpit displays for ADS-B out63© Airservices AustraliaSmaller Aircraft avionicsDevelopment of ADS-B capabilityin transpondersLow cost, size and weighteg Microair: Bundaberg Queen

25、slandeg Avionics AustralAsia: Brisbane Queensland eg Filser & Becker: Germanyeg Honeywell & Garmin: USA4© Airservices AustraliaKinetic AvionicsTwiglet technology demonstrator developedWorlds smallest ADS-B receiverDesigned for airborne platformsCan be integrated into transponders65©

26、; Airservices AustraliaUAT UAT66© Airservices AustraliaUAT BackgroundUAT development began around 1995 as part of larger Mitre initiative on broadcast data linkUAT selected by FAA for Capstone large scale trial in AlaskaDesigned specifically for ADS-B with no constraints from legacy systems (“c

27、lean slate”)Operates on a single common wideband channel & Supports multiple broadcast applicationsChosen by FAA as link for “Low end” General aviationAdopted ONLY by USA for small GA aircraft ONLY1090 adopted by world for ALL aircraft© Airservices Australia67Synergy with Multi-Lat Synergy

28、with Multi-Lat68© Airservices AustraliaMultilateration signalsPrinciple: Difference in Time of arrival at multiple sites SSR on 1090 Mhz (A/c without mode S) Need interrogation to trigger transponder Gets altitudeUse Mode S squitters on 1090 Mhz Use ADS-B squittersMULTILAT and ADS-B GROUND STAT

29、ION(s)DF11 Acquisition SquitterDF17 or DF18 ADS-B SquitterRF69© Airservices AustraliaLOW NOISE AMPLIFIERSIGNAL PROCESSORCOMPUTERMulti-lateration systemsAirport surveillance multi-lateration systems use 1090Mhz receivers and decodersAll commercial vendors offer ADS-B outputs from multi-lateratio

30、n base stationsGROUND STATIONTOA& ADS-BMessageRFGROUND STATIONRFTOA& ADS-BMessageGROUND STATIONADS-B MESSAGES & MULTILAT MESSAGES TO ATCRFTOA& ADS-BMessageMULTILAT and ADS-B GROUND STATION(s)70© Airservices AustraliaLOW NOISE AMPLIFIERSIGNAL PROCESSORCOMPUTERLOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS

31、IGNAL PROCESSORCOMPUTERLOW NOISE AMPLIFIERSIGNAL PROCESSORCOMPUTERSurveillance technology comparisonRadar High performance, High costMultilateration High performance Cost highly dependent on environment4 Often cost effective for Terminal areas Good transition technology - works on existing transpond

32、ers4 Better on Mode S transponders Good surface movement technologyADS-B Highest performance, Lowest cost if aircraft equipped Supports Air-Air surveillance© Airservices Australia71Details of Mode-S Details of Mode-S72© Airservices AustraliaSSR backgroundAIRCRAFT1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pu

33、lses (P1,P2,P3)Mode A, C interrogationsMode A, C replies1090Mhz reply messages 12 pulses (no error detection)73© Airservices AustraliaMODE S backgroundMode A & C interrogations1030Mhz register requests (phase encoded messages)Mode A & C replies1090Mhz reply messages (pulse position modu

34、lated with error detection)ReadoutBDS Registers74© Airservices AustraliaTCAS background1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pulses1030Mhz register requests (phase encoded messages)Transmit DF111090Mhz reply pulses1090Mhz reply messages (pulse position modulated with error detection)Receive Mode C repliesRe

35、ceive DF11Receive DF0Mode C interrogateMode S interrogate (UF0)75© Airservices AustraliaEnhanced & Elementary SurveillanceDATA to FILL the REGISTERS1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pulsesCallsign panel1030 Receiver1030Mhz register requests (phaseencoded messages)Air Data Computer1090Mhz reply pulse

36、s1090 Transmitter1090Mhz reply messagesGNSS Receiver(pulse position modulatedwith error detection)FMSReadout :CallsignBank angleSelected level Airspeed Heading76© Airservices AustraliaADS-B background1030Mhz Interrogations 3 pulses1030Mhz register requests (phase encoded messages)TRANSMIT DF17/

37、18 ADS-B1090Mhz reply pulses1090Mhz reply messages (pulse position modulated with error detection)Receive DF17,DF18 ADS-B& displayMode C interrogateother aircraft & Mode S encounter77© Airservices AustraliaADS-B simplifiedADS-BDF17/1878© Airservices AustraliaMode S Transponder & ADS-BTCAS24 bit code DF11 acquisition squit (TCAS : Here I am)ADS-BPOSITION, ALTITUDE, IDENTITY(CALLSIGN), VELOCITY VECTOR, VERTICAL RATE79© Airservices AustraliaCONTROL24 bit AIRCRAFT ADDRESSADS-B MESSA