(完整word版)牛津高中英語模塊五語言點

1、11牛津高中英語模塊五語言點2016-10-22Unit 1 Getting along with others一、Reading1. betray: vt.背叛，出賣，泄露b betray sth to sb:向某人出賣/泄露 、betray oneself:露出原形L betrayal: bi tre ?i.背叛 He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy. She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight.她說她很難過，但她的眼神里卻露出

2、她內(nèi)心的喜悅。an act of betrayal:背叛的行為2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have soundedquiz, saying how easy it was. must have done: 一定做過 “saying how easy it was”為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。3.4.fail sth:未能通過fail to do sth:未能做 I failed my driving test the first time I took it. He never fails to write to his mother every week.

3、pretend sth:假裝，扮作pretend to do sth:假裝做pretend that:彳矍裝 He pretended illness as an excuse. Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in. She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.5. admit (admitted ; admitting): vt.(1)承認(rèn) pdmit (doing) sth:承認(rèn)做v admit that: 承認(rèn)admit sb

4、to be + n / adj:承認(rèn)某人是 He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted that he had stolen the car. We all admit him to be a fool.(2) 允許進(jìn)入，接受，錄取admit sb to / into sth: 允許進(jìn)入 Each ticket admits two people to the party. Tom has been admitted into Peking University.6. b beg (sb) to do sth:懇請(某人)做 ，beg (

5、sb) for sth:懇請(某人) b beg (for) sth:乞討 I beg you not take any risks. He begged her for forgiveness. John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.7.keep ones secret:保守秘密keep ones word / promise: 遵守諾言 break ones word / promise: 違背諾言8. (Page 2, Line 18)paper that saidsay: vt.寫到，表明；顯示 read:

6、vt.寫著；指示，顯示 The clock said it was 7: 30. I noticed a sign reading / saying No Parking!.9. swear (swore, sworn): vt. & vi.(1)發(fā)誓，宣誓飛wear to do sth:發(fā)誓做T Qwear that:發(fā)誓 Mona swore never to return to home. Victor swore that he would get his revenge(復(fù)仇).(2)咒罵，詛咒 swear at sb:咒罵Rich(里奇)tripped over a dog and

7、 swore at it.10. spy on sth:監(jiān)視/窺探These days I have been spying on the enemys movements.11. focus: vt. & vi.集中注意力于；(使)聚焦n.焦點，重點rfocus sth on sth:集中于Lfocus on sth: 集中注意 The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area. I was so tired to focus on anything. The focus of the conference

8、 is on environmental issues.12. manner: n.方式；舉止，態(tài)度 C manners: n. (1)禮貌，禮儀 (2)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣in this manner: 用這種方式 table manners:餐桌禮儀Its good / bad manners to do sth:做有/ 無禮貌 He objected in a forceful manner. 他堅決反對。 Its bad manners to talk with your mouth full.滿嘴都是食物說話不禮貌。13. guilty: adj.內(nèi)疚的，有罪的b be / feel guil

9、ty about (doing) sth: 因為而內(nèi)疚L be guilty of sth: 3日罪 I feel guilty about not visiting him often. He was found guilty.他被判有罪。 The boys were guilty of theft. 這些男孩犯盜竊罪。14. remark: n. & v.談?wù)?，評論，談到廣 make a remark about sb: 議論Y make no remark: 不力口評論 remark on sth: 談?wù)?remark that: 談到，說起 She could hear others

10、were making rude remarks about her. I couldnt help remarking on her youth.我脫口而出說她那么年輕。 The boys were guilty of theft. 這些男孩犯盜竊罪。 Critics remarked that the play was not original.評論家指出該居 U缺乏創(chuàng)意。15. argue with sb about / over sth:因為與某人爭吵 argue that:認(rèn)為Largue sb into / out of doing sth:說服某人(不)做 argument: n

11、.爭論；爭吵；爭議；論點；論據(jù) We are arguing with each other over the holiday expenses. He argued that more importance should be attached to the reform of the criminals. They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.他們說服他撤回了投訴。因為向某人道歉16. fapologize to sb for sth:make an apology to sb for sth:We apologize for the

12、 late departure of this flight.17. be sensitive to sb: （1）對體貼 （2）對敏感 She has been sensitive to his husband since they got married. A writer must nt be too sensitive to criticism.作家不可對批評意見反映過激。18. blame: vt.責(zé)備，指責(zé)n.責(zé)任，責(zé)備，指責(zé)U責(zé)備某人b blame sb for （doing） sth: 因為blame sth on sb:把歸咎于sb be to blame for sth:某

13、人因為應(yīng)受責(zé)備Jtake the blame:承擔(dān)責(zé)任 A bad workman blames his tools.拙匠埋怨工具差。 Teachers always blame the students for their rude behaviors. You should not blame your failure on the difficulty of the paper. It is I who am to blame for the mistake. You can t expect Jerry to take all the blame.二、Project1. the att

14、itude towards sth:對于的態(tài)度What is your attitude towards your schoolwork?2. anchor: v. （1）扎根于；（2）拋錨，停船；（3）固定n.錨，支柱drop /cast anchor: 拋錨be anchored in sth:扎根于 They brought the boat into the harbor and dropped anchor.他們把船開進(jìn)海港下錨停泊。 We anchored the tent with pegs.我們用樁子固定帳篷。 Literature must be anchored on ou

15、r life. Home is his anchor when he is away on business.3. be cautious about sth:對小心/ 謹(jǐn)慎cautiousness: n.小心/謹(jǐn)慎UThese people are cautious about spending money.這些人用錢仔細(xì)。4. b be eager to do sth:急于做Lbe eager for sth:急于/渴望 Clara（克萊拉）was eager to tell her side of the story.克萊拉急于講述她對那件事的看法。 She was eager for

16、success.5. respond: vi.作出反應(yīng);回答respond to sth / respond that:對.作出反應(yīng)；回答 She responded to my letter with a phone call. The doctor responded that he couldnt tell the name of the disease.6. response: n.反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)；答復(fù)in response to sth:以回應(yīng)make response to sth:回應(yīng)make no response:不作回答 The laws were passed in resp

17、onse to public pressure. He made no response to my question.7. regardless: adv. (1)不管怎樣；無論如何(用在句末)(2) regardless of sth:不管，不顧 You get a lot of criticism, but you have to carry on regardless. All our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits( 價值，優(yōu)點 ).8. end up:結(jié)果為；以.結(jié)束end up + 介詞短語 / adj / d

18、oing If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison.你要是繼續(xù)行竊，終歸得進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。 If he carries on driving like that, he ll end up dead.他照那樣開車，早晚得丟命。 Because he had made full preparations for the interview, he ended up working in the company.9. be committed to sth / sb:; 忠于 This development area is committed

19、 to creating a perfect investment environment.這個開發(fā)區(qū)致力于創(chuàng)造一個完美的投資環(huán)境。 She was strongly committed to her job, a policewoman by eminence.quarrel with sb about sth:因為與某人吵架have a quarrel with sb about sth:她非常忠于職守，一個卓越的女警。10.We arent going to quarrel with each other about a few dollars.11. in conclusion / t

20、o conclude: 總之In conclusion, Id like to thank you for all youve done for me. 最后，我要感謝你們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺小?2. mercy: n.仁慈，憐憫，寬容at the mercy of sb:任由擺布憐憫某人飛how mercy to sb:-have mercy on sb:leave sb to the mercy / mercies of sb: 任憑某人受 擺布 They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather. The terrorists sho

21、wed no mercy the refugees(難民). He won t leave the cat to the mercy of the boy.13. get through: vt.完成；通過；批準(zhǔn)通過get through to sb / sth:到達(dá)；接通的電話 get through a task / an exam. Millions of refugees will die if these supplies don t get through to them. With great efforts, I finally got through to the manag

22、er.14. acquaintance: n. (1)熟人；泛泛之交C(2)認(rèn)識，了解U, C結(jié)識make ones acquaintance:make the acquaintance of sb:Jof ones acquaintance:所認(rèn)識 / 理解的Ton first acquaintance: 初次相見時 I am delighted to make your acquaintance. a certain lawyer of my acquaintance.D Even on first acquaintance, we could see he wasnt the right

23、 type.初次見面就看出他不是對路子的人。Unit 2 The environment一、Reading1. debate: vt. & n.辯論，爭論，討論debate sth with sb:與爭論/討論open a debate:展開討論under debate:在討論/辯論中 debater:辯論者 We opened a heated debate about the bill（議案）with them. The whole question of compensation（貝音償）is still under debate.2. floor:發(fā)言權(quán)open the floor:自

24、由發(fā)言take the floor:開始發(fā)言have the floor:有發(fā)言權(quán) The president then took the floor and answered the journalists questions. The senator（參議員）have no floor in the debate.3. Atimes + what 從句：幾倍于The company can produce 10 times what it did last year.4. cut back on sth:減少，肖ij減We must cut back on the waste to sav

25、e the environment.5. 廠have a duty to do sth:有義務(wù)/責(zé)任做 j be on duty / off duty:值班 / 下班Local councilors have a duty to serve the community. 地方議員有義務(wù)為社區(qū)服務(wù)。6. be greedy for sth:貪圖As we know, the corrupt officials are always greedy for money and fame.7. credit: n. （1）贊揚,認(rèn)可 （2）信用 （3）學(xué)分C（4）存款U;借款Ccreditable:

26、/ kreditbl adj.值得贊揚的，可信的 a creditable attempt fgive sb credit to sb:贊揚 / 認(rèn)可 Lbe in credit:有存款 You should give him some credit for all the efforts he has put in. There are no bank charges if you stay in debt. The drama course should give me enough credits to finish my degree.8. a large quantity of +

27、nU, C:許多的（作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞形式變化）Large quantities of + nU, C:許多的（作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） A large quantity of money has been spent on the research. A large quantity of books were donated to these children. Large quantities of time / cars were wasted.9. ask around:四處打聽I will ask around and see if anyone can hel

28、p.10. pump: vt. （1）用泵輸送；（2）給打氣；（3）傾注，灌注（into）vi.涌出；涌流n.泵，抽水機，打氣筒 pump sth + 介詞 + n The heart pumps blood around the body. Pump air into a tyre. He pumped plenty of funds into the new project. 他向新工程傾注了大量的資金。11. Blood was pumping out of his belly like a fountain.血像噴泉似的從他腹部涌出。sth run out:用光run out of s

29、th: 用光use sth up:用光 Lets hurry, our time is running out. We have ran out of what we had at hand.12. responsibility: n. (1)責(zé)任U(2)義務(wù)Ctake responsibility for sth: 對負(fù)責(zé)have a responsibility to do sth: 有義務(wù)做 He took full responsibility for organizing such an activity. Everyone has a responsibility to try o

30、ut more methods in his study.1.動詞 + it + when / if enjoy, like , dislike 后接it作形式賓語。二、Grammar從句：love, hate, prefer, appreciate等動詞后接if從句或 when從句，通常應(yīng)先在動詞It指代if從句或when從句所敘述的內(nèi)容。例如： She won;t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜歡你遲到。 He hates it when people use his bike.他討厭別人用他的自行車。 I dislike it when you whist

31、le. 我不愛聽你吹口哨。 I prefer it if I didn t have do so much我or必做那么多工作，那就太好了。 I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能幫助我做這事，我會十分感激。2. impress: vt. (1)使印象深刻，打動/impress sb with sth:用打動某人/給某人留下印象Lbe impressed by / with sth:因為被打動/而留下印象 He impressed her with his sincerity(真誠). I was de

32、eply impressed by his story.(2)使銘記，銘刻impress sth on sb / impress on sb sth:使某人銘t己 ；銘亥U 在上 The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records.經(jīng)理讓辦公室職員銘記做精確記錄的重要性。 His words impress themselves on my memory. 他的話銘刻在我的記憶里。3. impression: n. 象，感想first impression:第一象make an

33、 impression on sb: 給留下印象be under the impression that: 原以為，誤認(rèn)為 First impression can be deceptive(騙人的). It was their determination that made a deep impression on me. I was under the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以為你明天才來。4. conflict: vi.沖突，抵觸n.沖突，矛盾f conflict with sth:與抵觸 / 沖突Xbe in confl

34、ict with sth: 與抵觸 / 沖突 Their account(描述)of the event conflicted with ours. Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries. They dont have religious beliefs(宗教信仰 )that would be in conflict with Lina s choice.5. opening: n.開口，孔，洞 開始， 開端 the opening of a book / a speech 開張，開業(yè) the openi

35、ng ofthe new sports center6. drill: v.鉆孑L,打眼n.訓(xùn)練，練習(xí)drill for oil: 鉆井探油They are drilling a new tunnel underthe Thames.他們正在泰晤士河底下鉆一條新隧道。fire-drill :消防演習(xí) pronunciation drills:發(fā)音練習(xí)7. at a nation level:從國家方面At the national level, Jamaicas disaster management program is managed by the National Disaster Co

36、mmittee （NDC） and its six sub-committees.8. in flames:在烈焰中，燃燒著 The whole building went up in flames. 整棟建筑物在大火中燒毀。 The airplanes were shot down in flames. 飛機被擊中起火墜落。三、Project1. raise concern:弓I起關(guān)注2J nationally and internationally 在國內(nèi)外.at home and abroadThe great fire raised great concern nationally a

37、nd internationally.3. range: n.范圍；一系列；山脈；靶場，射擊場vi.（1）（在范圍內(nèi)）變化 （2）包括 （3）排列ra range ofsth: 一系列.a wide / broad / whole range of sth: 各種各樣的 range from sth to sth / range between sth and sth: 在與之間變化in / within range （of sth）: 在（的）范圍內(nèi)out of range （ofsth）:超出（的）范圍；在（的）范圍以外 We have students from a wide range

38、 of background.我們的學(xué)生來自各種不同的背景。 She had different plenty ofjobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor. The great mountain range of the Alps:雄偉的阿爾卑斯山脈。a rifle range:步槍靶場 The cat stayed well out of range of the children.這只貓離孩子們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。4. put sth in danger:使危險Corruption will make the dam in dangerwhen h

39、eavy flood occurs.5. in / with regard to sthj regarding關(guān)于-concerning I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. She said nothing regarding your request. We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.6. be underway: 進(jìn)行中The plan is now well under way.7. appreciate: vt.欣賞；感激；理解I would

40、 appreciate it + if 從句：如果,我將不勝感激。 appreciation: ?卬。:？會團n.欣賞，感激appreciative: ?pri: ?sitiv adj.有欣賞力的，感激的、be appreciative of sth: 感激 His ability was fully appreciated by his employer. I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down. To show our appreciation for your work, we d like to give you a

41、 bonus. I m most appreciative of your generosity.8. let off: vt. (1)寬恕，不懲罰 (2)放(槍等)，使爆炸 They let us off. The boys were letting off fireworks.9. public transport:公共交通10. (Page 39, Line 20) You should find ways to use them again without throwing them away. without= instead of11. absorb: vt.吸收，理解，使全神貫注

42、be absorbed in sth: 專心于 Plants absorb nutrients from soil. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. Absorbed in his study, he didnt notice I came in.12. do ones part:盡的職責(zé)Everyone should do his part to make contributions for his motherland.Unit 3 Science and nature一、Reading1. (Page 42, Line 3) point

43、out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce 當(dāng)賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句，而且從句在前時，that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語從句后的主從復(fù)合句中的從句在后時，that可以省略。例如：Father promised that if I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.Father promised (that) he take me to Beijing if I studied harder.2. be on ones way to doing sth: 就快He is well on his way

44、 to becoming an officer of the company.他就快當(dāng)上公司的高官了。3. intention: n.意圖，目的，打算with the intention of sth: 懷著的意圖有意做(have the intention of doing sth: have the intention to do sth: He went to the library with the intention of finding some valuable books.W We have no intention of deserting the land we have

45、occupied.4. adopt: vt. (1)領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng) 采用，采納adopted: adj.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的，過繼的adoption: n.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng) 采用，采納 Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan( 孤兒). adopted son:養(yǎng)子 adopt ones advice.5. (Page 42, Line 24) If I had the chance, I would have一虛擬條件句：從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反If+主語+過去式主語 + would / should / could / mig

46、ht + do與過去事實相反If+ 主語 + had done主語 + would / should / could / might + have done與將來事實相反If+主語+過去式If+ 主語 +should（萬一）doIf + 主語 + were to do主語 + would / should / could / might + do If I were you, I should tell him the truth. If I had money last time, I would / should / could / might have bought a car. If

47、it should rain, the crops would be saved. If he were to leave today, he should get there by Friday.6. push ahead with sth:努力推進(jìn)After careful consideration, they decided to push ahead with the construction ofthe train station.7. consequence: n.后果Cas a consequence of sth:由于The sea level has risen a lot

48、 as a consequence ofglobal warming.8. be in agreement with sb: 同意Are we in agreement with the price?9. fona personal note:個人認(rèn)為Ion a + adj + note:以的語氣/論調(diào) He ended his speech to his employees on a humorous note. Ona more serous note, the manager mentioned the accident last month.二、Grammar1. make a bre

49、akthrough:取得突破They have made a great breakthrough in scientific research.2. burn out: （1） vt.燒光，燒壞；使累垮 The hotel was completely burnt out. If he doesn stop working so hard, he ll burn himselfout.（2） vi.燃盡,燒壞 The fire burnt out before the firemen arrived.The clutch（離合器）has burnt out due to excessive

50、heat.離合器因為過熱而失靈。三、Task1. with reference to sth: 關(guān)于With reference to your recent advertisement, I m writing to request further details.關(guān)于貴方最近的廣告，現(xiàn)特函查詢詳情。2. in reply to sth:答復(fù)Im writing in reply to your letter ofJuly, 1.如果你能,我方感激不盡3. _T I would be grateful ifyou could LI would appreciate it if you cou

51、ld We would be most grateful if you could confirm these arrangements immediately.如果貴方能立即確認(rèn)這些安排，我方將感激不盡。4. follow in one s footsteps:效仿某人My father was a jazz player, and I wanted to follow in his footsteps.5. conduct: vt. （1）進(jìn)行 （2）指揮 （3）傳導(dǎo) （4）行為表現(xiàn) conduct oneselfwell / badly:行為表現(xiàn)好 / 壞conductor: n.樂隊指

52、揮；售票員；列車長；導(dǎo)體a survey conducted by Professor Johnson:由約翰遜教授進(jìn)行的調(diào)查conduct a band:指揮一個樂隊 Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do. He conducted himself far better than expected.6. majority: n.多數(shù)，大多數(shù)a majority of + n（復(fù)數(shù)）：大多數(shù) （作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）A clear majority of voters were in favor of the

53、 motion（ 動議）.絕大多數(shù)選民都贊成這一動議。the majority:大多數(shù)。它作主語時，如果強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果強調(diào)個體其中成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The majority agree（s） with me.The majority of + nC / U:大多數(shù)。作主語時，謂語動詞根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞形式變化。 The majority of people have realized the importance of limiting population growth. The majority of the damage is easy to repair.（4） T

54、he majority of +集合名詞：大多數(shù)。它作主語時，如果強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果強調(diào) 個體/其中成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The majority of the population live（s） in the city. The majority of the committee have / has arrived. be in the majority: 占多數(shù)Men are in the majority in their college.7. summary: n.總結(jié)，概括，摘要（news summary: 新聞提要in summary:總之 Please writ

55、e a short summary of the passage. In summary, I would say the sports meeting has achieved a great success.8. take sth into consideration / account: 考慮I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.9. practice: n.慣例,習(xí)俗Its bad practice to reveal（泄露）clients names.泄露客戶的姓名是個不好的習(xí)慣。10. keep sth alive:維持的生命/存在Doctors kept him alive on a life-support machine. 醫(yī)生們靠生命維持機維持他的生命。we need to fight to keep our academic institution alive. 我們需要斗爭以使我們的學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)得以生存。11. brief: adj.短暫的，簡潔的in b