語法精講強化系列7定語從句課件

1、語法精講強化系列7. 定語從句考點考點15組易混關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析組易混關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析1. 只用只用that不用不用which的情況的情況(1)先行詞是先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時。等不定代詞時。*All that you need to do is focus on one thing. (2)先行詞被先行詞被the only, any, few, no, very等修飾時。等修飾時。*Australia is the only country that is als

2、o a continent. (3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時。級、序數(shù)詞修飾時。*This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. (4)先行詞為人、物并用時。先行詞為人、物并用時。*Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(5)主句的主語是疑問詞主句的主語是疑問詞who或或which時。時。*Which is the bike that you lost?(6)先行詞在主

3、句中作表語先行詞在主句中作表語, 而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時。語時。*Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be. 2. 只用只用which不用不用that的情況的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。*Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。*Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things, wh

4、ich they never had time to do while working. (3)先行詞為先行詞為that/those時。時。*Whats that which was put in the car?(4)which用作定語時。用作定語時。*He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 3. the same. . . as與與the same. . . thatthe same. . . as表示相似或同類的東西表示相似或同類的東西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物表示同一人或物This is

5、 the same book as he lent me last week. 這與他上星期借給我的那本書屬于同一類。這與他上星期借給我的那本書屬于同一類。This is the same book that he lent me last week. 這是他上星期借給我的那本書。這是他上星期借給我的那本書。4. such/so. . . as與與such/so. . . thatsuch/so. . . as(定語從句定語從句)像像那樣那樣; such/so. . . that(狀狀語從句語從句)如此如此以至于以至于This is such an easy question as I can

6、 answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 5. as與與which(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前, 也可也可以放在主句后以放在主句后, 有時還可插入主句中。有時還可插入主句中。which引導(dǎo)的非引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意為意為“正如正如”, 后面的謂語動詞多用后面的謂語動詞多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等等; which意為意為“這一點這一點”或或“這

7、件事這件事”等。等。Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2014安徽高考安徽高考)The exact yearAngela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 本題先行詞為本題先行詞為year, 考生首先會想到考生首先會想到when。但當(dāng)先行詞為時間、地點名詞時但

8、當(dāng)先行詞為時間、地點名詞時, 用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。本代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。本題定語從句中的謂語動詞題定語從句中的謂語動詞spent為及物動詞為及物動詞, 故從句中故從句中缺少賓語缺少賓語, 關(guān)系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。關(guān)系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。答案判定答案判定: which/that【高考題組【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空/改錯改錯1. (2014全國卷全國卷)Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy. 2. (2013全國卷全國卷

9、)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (改錯改錯)_that/whichthat改為改為which3. (2015全國卷全國卷)The citys “psychology cafes”, _ offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. 4. (2015全國卷全國卷)Trust is a learned behav

10、ior _ we gain from past experiences. whichthat/which考點考點2關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose1. who和和whom的用法的用法(1)先行詞為先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those指代人時或表示人指代人時或表示人的名詞時。的名詞時。*The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015. (2)在在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中, 修飾主語的定語從句

11、宜用關(guān)系代修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞詞who指代人。指代人。*Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. (3)一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人的定語從句一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人的定語從句, 其中一個其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that, 另一個宜用另一個宜用who以避免重以避免重復(fù)。復(fù)。*The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. (4)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面

12、有介詞時, 只能用只能用whom, whom在定在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時語從句中作介詞的賓語時, 介詞可放在后面介詞可放在后面, 也可提前也可提前構(gòu)成介詞構(gòu)成介詞+whom(先行詞指人先行詞指人)結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。*The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of who mleft their village homes for a better life in the city. 2. whose的用法的用法whose指人或物指人或物, 作定語作定語, 表示表示“的的”, 可轉(zhuǎn)換為可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”, 指人時可用指

13、人時可用of whom; 指物時可用指物時可用of which。*The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination. 【點津【點津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時, 從句謂語動從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。*Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)

14、系詞填空(2015陜西高考陜西高考)A salesmanis not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 關(guān)系詞代替先行詞關(guān)系詞代替先行詞salesman在定語從句中作在定語從句中作主語主語, 所以用關(guān)系詞所以用關(guān)系詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句, 表示表示“不能守不能守時的銷售者時的銷售者”。答案判定答案判定: who【高考題組【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. (2015全國卷全國卷)This year, 25, 310 students _ have

15、 accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year. who2. (2015全國卷全國卷)Students _ take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. 3. (2014全國卷全國卷)Students _ enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as w

16、inners will be honored. 4. (2013湖北高考湖北高考)My deskmate is an eccentric boy _ clothes never fit him. whowhowhose考點考點3關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why1. when的用法的用法先行詞為先行詞為“時間名詞時間名詞”, 可用可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句, when在定語從句中作狀語在定語從句中作狀語, 也可用也可用“介詞介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*The days are gone when physical strength was all you n

17、eeded to make a living. 2. where的用法的用法(1)先行詞是先行詞是“地點名詞地點名詞”, 定語從句可用定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), where在從句中作狀語在從句中作狀語, 也可用也可用“介詞介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代結(jié)構(gòu)代替。替。*(2013天津高考天津高考)The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. (2)如果定語從句修

18、飾如果定語從句修飾point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意義的詞等表示抽象意義的詞, 常用常用where引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), 意思是意思是“到到了某種地步了某種地步, 在某種境況下在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語前提是從句中缺少狀語)。*You reach a point where medicine cant help. 3. why的用法的用法先行詞是表示原因的名詞先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時時, 可以用可以用why引導(dǎo)定引導(dǎo)定語從句語從句, why在定語從句中作原因狀語在定語從句中作原因狀語, 可用可用for which替代?？梢园汛藭r

19、的句子牢記為一個固定句型替代?？梢园汛藭r的句子牢記為一個固定句型, 即即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意為意為“的原因的原因是是”。*The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill. 【點津【點津】(1)選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的原則選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的原則: 在選擇關(guān)系詞時在選擇關(guān)系詞時, 最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語主語、賓語、定語或表語, 必須用關(guān)系代詞必須

20、用關(guān)系代詞; 若從句中若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語, 必須用關(guān)系副詞。必須用關(guān)系副詞。*This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. (關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)*I will never forget the day when my father returned from America. (關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語)(2)當(dāng)當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞表示方法、方式作先行詞, 且后面的定語從句且后面的定語從句缺方式狀語時可以用缺方式狀語時可以用th

21、at或或in which引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), 也可以省略也可以省略關(guān)系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語關(guān)系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語, 要用要用that或或which引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), 也可以省略關(guān)系詞。也可以省略關(guān)系詞。*I dont like the way that/in which/不填不填 he speaks to his mother. 【典例剖析【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空(2015廣東高考廣東高考)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the mark

22、et_ people from the towns met regularly. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: where people from the towns met regularly是定語從句是定語從句, 修飾先行詞修飾先行詞market, where在定語從句中在定語從句中作狀語。作狀語。答案判定答案判定: where【高考題組【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. (2015湖北高考湖北高考)The reason _ the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area. 2. (2014全國卷

23、全國卷)The hardwood forests _ passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood. whywhere3. (2013山東高考山東高考)While waiting for a bus to the office _ he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man. 4. (2013遼寧高考遼寧高考)At the age _ she gained some basic skills and sensibility(識別力識別

24、力), she begged her mother for a bike ride. wherewhen考點考點4介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系代詞的6個考查點個考查點1. 考查定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配考查定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配*Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 2. 考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣*He referred me to some reference books with which I am not v

25、ery familiar. 3. 考查根據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介考查根據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞詞*I am looking for my glasses, without which I cant watch TV clearly. 4. 考查表示所屬關(guān)系的考查表示所屬關(guān)系的of which/whom*She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years. 注意注意: the+n.

26、 +of which(whom)可與可與whose+n. 互換?；Q。5. 考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的of which/whom*The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd. 6. 考查表示同位關(guān)系的考查表示同位關(guān)系的of which/whom*She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 【點津【點津】選擇介詞的選擇介詞的3個原則個原則: 根據(jù)句子意思表達的需要

27、根據(jù)句子意思表達的需要; 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣; 根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí)慣。根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí)慣?！颈嫖觥颈嫖觥慷ㄕZ從句與幾種句式和從句的區(qū)別定語從句與幾種句式和從句的區(qū)別與并列句與并列句的區(qū)別的區(qū)別如果兩個句子之間是分號如果兩個句子之間是分號, 或有或有and, but, so等連接詞等連接詞, 則這兩個句子為并列句則這兩個句子為并列句; 如果兩如果兩個句子之間是逗號個句子之間是逗號, 且沒有上述的連接詞且沒有上述的連接詞, 則這兩個句子之間就是主從關(guān)系則這兩個句子之間就是主從關(guān)系, 須有一個須有一個引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)

28、定語從句與強調(diào)句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別型的區(qū)別判斷強調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵在于把強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷強調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵在于把強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was. . . that/who. . . ”去掉后去掉后, 主句的意思主句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的和結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的與狀語從與狀語從句的區(qū)別句的區(qū)別狀語從句通常沒有先行詞狀語從句通常沒有先行詞, 整個從句在復(fù)整個從句在復(fù)合句中作時間、地點或原因等狀語合句中作時間、地點或原因等狀語, 而定而定語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定作用的語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定作用的與同位與同位語從句語從句的區(qū)別的區(qū)別定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定作用定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定作用; 而同位而同位語從句對先行詞起解釋、說明作用語從句對先行詞起解釋、說明作用; 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中的作用不同在從句中的作用不同: 在定語從句中在定語從句中, tha