1390國(guó)開(kāi)電大本科《人文英語(yǔ)4》歷年

1、1390國(guó)開(kāi)電大本科人文英語(yǔ)4歷年期末考試試題及答案匯編(分學(xué)期版) 2021年7月試題及答案 一、交際用語(yǔ)(共計(jì)10分，每小題2分) 1-5題：閱讀下面的小對(duì)話(huà)，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)。 1.Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few hours？ _ A.Im sorry，but I really need it this afternoon B.I dont think so C.I am afraid you can 答案A 2.Excuse me，could you tell the time？ _ A.Youd better buy a wa

2、tch. B.Can you see the clock？ C.Its three thirty by my watch. 答案C 3.Would you like a tea？ _ A.Yes，please B.I like green tea C.Yes，I prefer coffee 答案A 4.How long will you be away from Italy？ _ A.Yes，Ill be in Italy B.About a month C.Yes，its along way to Italy 答案B 5.Have you ever been to Tokyo？ _ A.No

3、，I didnt go there last year B.No，but I hope to go there next year C.Tokyo is a busy city 答案B 附： 1.你覺(jué)得我可以借你的自行車(chē)幾個(gè)小時(shí)嗎？ _ A.對(duì)不起，我今天下午真的需要 B.我不這么認(rèn)為 C.恐怕你可以 答案A 2.對(duì)不起，你能告訴時(shí)間嗎？ _ A.你最好買(mǎi)一塊手表。 B.你能看到時(shí)鐘嗎？ C.我的表已經(jīng)三點(diǎn)三十分了。 答案C 3.要喝茶嗎？ _ A.是的，請(qǐng) B.我喜歡綠茶 C.是的，我更喜歡咖啡 答案A 4.你會(huì)離開(kāi)意大利多久？ _ A.是的，我會(huì)在意大利 B.大約一個(gè)月 C.是的，在去意大

4、利的路上 答案B 5.你去過(guò)東京嗎？ _ A.不，我去年沒(méi)去那里 B.沒(méi)有，但我希望明年去那里 C.東京是一個(gè)繁忙的城市 答案B 二、詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共計(jì)30分，每小題2分) 6-20題：閱讀下面的句子，從A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 6.All students are required to translate this poem_English into Chinese. A.with B.from C.on 答案B 7.By the year 2020，Chinas population probably_1.4 billion. A.will be reachin

5、g B.are reaching C.will have reached 答案C 8.Theres lots of fruit_the tree.Our little cat is also in the tree. A.in B.at C.on 答案C 9.Its high time that he settled down in the country and_a new life. A.start B.started C.starting 答案B 10.He didnt pass the exam this time_his headache. A.thanks for B.becaus

6、e of C.because 答案B 11.Living the country life helps us_some of the simpler things. A.appreciate B.appreciating C.appreciated 答案A 12.The productivity_economic growth. A.dwells B.fosters C.considers 答案B 13.Tim speaks Italian_Chinese and German. A.as well B.as well as C.so well as 答案B 14.The old houses

7、 are being pulled down to_a new office block. A.make room for B.make use of C.take the place of 答案A 15.You have been to Beijing for many times，and you_been to the Great wall. A.must have B.should have C.could have 答案A 16.The red flower goes from one to_in the class. A.the other B.others C.another 答案

8、C 17.It is not until you have lost your health_you know its value. A.until B.when C.that 答案C 18.The computer system_suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A.broke down B.broke out C.broke up 答案A 19.It was getting_，he had to stop to have a rest. A.very darker B.dark and dark

9、 C.darker and darker 答案C 20.Two days is not enough for him to finish the work.He needs_day. A.other B.the other C.a third 答案C 三、閱讀理解(共計(jì)40分，每小題4分) 21-25題：閱讀下列短文，從A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)正確答案。 Liu Hui interviews Dr.Smith about the issue of educational inequality. Liu Hui：Thank you，Dr.Smith，for agreeing to be in

10、terviewed by our Campus News Weekly.First，what do you mean by educational inequality？ Dr.Smith：Educational inequality is the disparity that certain students experience in their education as compared to other students.But the meaning of it varies in different social contexts. Liu Hui：Why does it exis

11、t in modern society？ Dr.Smith：Well，researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic，racial and geographic reasons. Liu Hui：So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in different countries. Dr.Smith：Yeah，you are right.For example，in the United States，although

12、skin color is linked to other forms of inequality，it is evident in education. Liu Hui：Educational inequality exists in China，too.For example，the college entrance rate is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces.How do you think can we someday eradicate the inequality？ Dr.Smith：Its impossible t

13、o answer such a big question in few words.Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays.There have been numerous attempts at reforms and. 21.The researchers link educational inequality to_. A.socioeconomic，racial and educational reas

14、ons B.racial，economic and geographic reasons C.racial，socioeconomic and geographic reasons 答案C 22.Ace or ding to the passage，_. A.in the United States，skin color is linked to other forms of inequality，but not in education B.in the United States，skin color is only linked to the form of inequality in

15、education C.in the United States，skin color is linked to the inequality in education 答案C 23.Educational inequality exists in_. A.China only B.many countries C.all the countries 答案C 24.What does the underlined word“eradicate”mean in the passage？ A.get rid of B.cope with C.carryout 答案A 25.Whats the at

16、titude of Dr.Smith to the future of education equality？ A.reserved B.positive C.pessimistic 答案B 附： 劉輝就教育不平等問(wèn)題采訪(fǎng)Dr.Smith。 劉輝：謝謝史密斯博士同意接受我們校園新聞周刊的采訪(fǎng)。首先，您所說(shuō)的教育不平等是什么意思？ Dr.Smith：教育不平等是指某些學(xué)生在教育中與其他學(xué)生相比所經(jīng)歷的差距。但它的含義在不同的社會(huì)背景下有所不同。 劉輝：為什么會(huì)存在于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)？ 史密斯博士：嗯，研究人員將教育不平等與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、種族和地理原因聯(lián)系起來(lái)。 劉輝：所以教育不平等很可能在不同國(guó)家以不同的形

17、式存在。 Dr.Smith：是的，你是對(duì)的。例如，在美國(guó)，雖然膚色與其他形式的不平等有關(guān)，但在教育中很明顯。 劉輝：中國(guó)也存在教育不平等。比如北京的大學(xué)入學(xué)率比其他省份高很多。你認(rèn)為我們有朝一日怎樣才能消除這種不平等？ Dr.Smith：這么大的問(wèn)題不可能用幾句話(huà)來(lái)回答。教育不平等已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今每個(gè)國(guó)家最重要的政治和社會(huì)問(wèn)題之一。已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了無(wú)數(shù)次改革嘗試和. 21.研究人員將教育不平等與_聯(lián)系起來(lái)。 A.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、種族和教育原因 B.種族、經(jīng)濟(jì)和地理原因 C.種族、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和地理原因 答案C 22.Ace 或 ding 段落，_。 A.在美國(guó)，膚色與其他形式的不平等有關(guān)，但與教育無(wú)關(guān) B.在美國(guó)

18、，膚色只與教育不平等的形式有關(guān) C.在美國(guó)，膚色與教育不平等有關(guān) 答案C 23.教育不平等存在于_。 A.僅限中國(guó) B.許多國(guó)家 C.所有國(guó)家 答案C 24.文中劃線(xiàn)的“根除”是什么意思？ A.擺脫 B.應(yīng)付 C.執(zhí)行 答案A 25.Dr.Smith對(duì)未來(lái)教育平等的態(tài)度是什么？ A.保留 B.陽(yáng)性 C.悲觀(guān)的 答案B 26-30題：請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷給出的語(yǔ)句是否正確，正確的寫(xiě)“T”，錯(cuò)誤的寫(xiě)“F”。 Passage 2 All communication begins with the sender and ends with the receiver.The sender is respo

19、nsible for successful conveyance.The senders personality，beliefs，cultural and educational background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be aware of this as he or she is encoding the message.Simply put，encoding is translating information into symbols that represent the id

20、eas or concepts of the message that needs sending.These symbols are usually words in written or spoken form.To ensure successful communication，the sender should know as much about his or her audience-the receiver-as possible in order to focus and support the encoding process. In addition to this awa

21、reness of self and encoding，the sender must choose the proper channel for conveying the message.Using the wrong channel may result in miscommunication.Like the sender，receivers are influenced by internal factors：their personality，their receptivity to the message or their relationship to the sender.A

22、dditionally，their current feelings，mood，or state of mind can affect a message.Once the message moves through the channel，the receiver then decodes it.The receiver uses his or her own experience and the context of the message to interpret its meaning. Feedback is the return message from the receiver

23、to the sender.It is feedback that enables the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not.Therefore it is essential to the communication process. This process，though very common，is fraught with potential breakdown at every turn.Spoken or written language is inherently easy to

24、 misinterpret.In conclusion，effective and successful Communication takes place when the message is successfully received and the receiver provides the sender with desirable feedback. 26.The senders gender also influences the message. 答案F 27.Encoding is a process that translating information into sym

25、bols which serve as the ideas or concepts of the message that will be sent later. 答案T 28.These symbols are usually words and sentences in written form. 答案F 29.Channel is not crucial for conveying the message. 答案F 30.Feed backs enable the sender to know whether the receiver has received the message s

26、uccessfully or not. 答案T 附： 所有的溝通都始于發(fā)送者，結(jié)束于接收者。發(fā)送者負(fù)責(zé)成功傳達(dá)。發(fā)送者的個(gè)性、信仰、文化和教育背景都會(huì)影響信息，發(fā)送者必須意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗蛩褪菍?duì)信息進(jìn)行編碼。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，編碼就是將信息翻譯成代表需要發(fā)送的信息的思想或概念的符號(hào)。這些符號(hào)通常是書(shū)面或口頭形式的文字。為了確保成功的溝通，發(fā)送者應(yīng)該盡可能多地了解他或她的聽(tīng)眾接收者盡可能集中注意力并支持編碼過(guò)程。 除了這種自我意識(shí)和編碼意識(shí)外，發(fā)送者必須選擇正確的渠道來(lái)傳達(dá)信息。使用錯(cuò)誤的渠道可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致溝通不暢。與發(fā)送者一樣，接收者也受到內(nèi)部因素的影響：他們的個(gè)性，他們對(duì)信息的接受程度或他們與發(fā)送

27、者的關(guān)系。此外，他們當(dāng)前的感受、情緒或精神狀態(tài)會(huì)影響信息。一旦信息通過(guò)渠道，接收者就會(huì)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解碼。接收者使用他的或她自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和信息的上下文來(lái)解釋其含義。 反饋是接收者返回給發(fā)送者的信息，是讓發(fā)送者知道信息是否接收成功的反饋，因此對(duì)于溝通過(guò)程至關(guān)重要。 這個(gè)過(guò)程雖然很常見(jiàn)，但處處都充滿(mǎn)了潛在的故障?？谡Z(yǔ)或書(shū)面語(yǔ)言本質(zhì)上很容易被誤解?？傊?，有效和成功的溝通發(fā)生在消息被成功接收并且接收者向發(fā)送者提供理想的反饋時(shí)。 26.發(fā)送者的性別也會(huì)影響信息。 答案F 27.編碼是將信息轉(zhuǎn)換為符號(hào)的過(guò)程，這些符號(hào)作為稍后將要發(fā)送的消息的想法或概念。 答案T 28.這些符號(hào)通常是書(shū)面形式的單詞和句子。 答案F

28、29.渠道對(duì)于傳達(dá)信息并不重要。 答案F 30.反饋?zhàn)尠l(fā)送者知道接收者是否成功接收到消息。 答案T 四、寫(xiě)作(共計(jì)20分) 31.根據(jù)要求完成作文。 以“The Importance of Effective Communication”(有效交流的重要性)為題寫(xiě)一篇短文，字?jǐn)?shù)不少于100詞。 具體要求如下： (1)什么是有效的交流； (2)有效交流為什么重要； (3)如何提高有效交流。 參考答案： The Importance of Effective Communication Effective Communication refers to the effective process

29、of conveying ideas, expressing attitudes, exchanging emotions, and exchanging intelligence as well as information between people. Along with the increasing development of the economy and complexity of interpersonal relation, effective communication plays a progressively crucial role in our daily lif

30、e.Firstly, effective communication serves as a powerful engine promoting mutual understanding between people, thus efficiently resolving the contradictions.Whats more, considering that more and more work needs to be completed, effective communication can close the distance among people, which tends

31、to make people work together.Moreover, effective communication is also an important manifestation of building a harmonious modern society. So crucial is effective communication that its high time that we learnt to communicate effectively with others in this competitive society.First, peoples awarene

32、ss of effective communication must be heightened through education and publicity.Then, for us citizens, we should take an active part in social activities rather than waste time on mobile phones.Only through the efforts of everyone, can we avoid ineffective communication and embrace a harmonious mod

33、ern society. 附： 有效溝通的重要性 有效溝通是指人與人之間傳遞思想、表達(dá)態(tài)度、交換情感、交換智力和信息的有效過(guò)程。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益發(fā)展和人際關(guān)系的復(fù)雜化，有效的溝通在我們的日常生活中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。首先，有效的溝通是促進(jìn)人與人之間相互了解、有效化解矛盾的強(qiáng)大引擎。更重要的是，考慮到需要完成的工作越來(lái)越多，有效的溝通可以拉近人與人之間的距離，從而使人們一起工作。而且，有效的溝通也是構(gòu)建和諧現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的重要體現(xiàn)。 有效溝通至關(guān)重要，在這個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)中，我們是時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)與他人進(jìn)行有效溝通了。首先，必須通過(guò)教育和宣傳來(lái)提高人們的有效溝通意識(shí)。然后，作為我們公民，我們應(yīng)該積極參與社

34、交活動(dòng)，而不是把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在手機(jī)上。只有通過(guò)大家的努力，才能避免無(wú)效的溝通，擁抱和諧的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)。 2021年1月試題及答案 一、交際用語(yǔ)(共計(jì)10分，每小題2分) 1-5題：閱讀下面的小對(duì)話(huà)，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)，并將正確答案選項(xiàng)填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。 1.Thanks for your tips. _ A.No，thanks. B.Its my pleasure. C.Yes，please. 答案B 2.Hi，Molly，are you free this afternoon？ _ A.Yeah，no plans yet. B.Lets see something special. C.Thats a g

35、ood idea. 答案A 3.Where have you been these days？ _ A.Yes，I have. B.Actually，I have moved to the country. C.You are wanted on the telephone. 答案B 4.Molly，look at this.The newspaper says we should sort trash. _ A.That would be great! B.No problem. C.It is obvious. 答案A 5.Ive got a bad cold today. _ A.It

36、isnt serious. B.Thank you for telling me. C.Oh，dear!I hope you get better soon. 答案C 附： 1.感謝您的提示。 _ A.不，謝謝。 B.這是我的榮幸。 C.是的，請(qǐng)。 答案B 2.嗨，莫莉，你今天下午有空嗎？ _ A.是的，還沒(méi)有計(jì)劃。 B.讓我們看看一些特別的東西。 C.這是個(gè)好主意。 答案A 3.這幾天你去哪兒了？ _ A.是的，我有。 B.實(shí)際上，我已經(jīng)搬到鄉(xiāng)下。 C.電話(huà)通緝你。 答案B 4.莫莉，看這個(gè)。報(bào)紙上說(shuō)我們應(yīng)該分類(lèi)垃圾。 _ A.那太好了！ B.沒(méi)問(wèn)題。 C.很明顯。 答案A 5.我今天得了重

37、感冒。 _ A.不嚴(yán)重。 B.謝謝你告訴我。 C.哦，親愛(ài)的！我希望你快點(diǎn)好起來(lái)。 答案C 二、詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共計(jì)30分，每小題2分) 6-20題：閱讀下面的句子，從 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并將正確答案選項(xiàng)填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。 6.Did you notice the guy_head looked like a big potato？ A.who B.which C.whose 答案C 7._the War of Independence，the United States was an English colony. A.Before B.At C.In 答案A 8.No m

38、atter_，the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely. A.it was snowing B.hard it was snowing C.how hard it was snowing 答案C 9.I dont know the park，but its_to be quite beautiful. A.said B.told C.spoken 答案A 10.Although he did not know London well，he made his way_to th

39、e airport. A.easy enough B.enough easy C.easily enough 答案C 11.Neither John_his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A.nor B.or C.but 答案A 12.The new order means_overtime. A.works B.to work C.working 答案C 13.A police officer claimed that the young man had attempted to_pay

40、ing his fare. A.avoid B.reject C.refuse 答案A 14.Firemen put their lives_each and everyday. A.in the line B.on the line C.on the line of 答案B 15.The wildflowers looked like as of to range blanket_the desert. A.covering B.covered C.to cover 答案A 16.Theres lots of fruit_the tree.Our little cat is also in

41、the tree. A.in B.at C.on 答案C 17.The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that remote village. A.when B.where C.that 答案A 18.In_，the northerners have a particular liking for dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice. A.common B.total C.general 答案C 19.He would be studyin

42、g at the university now if he_the entrance examination. A.passed B.have passed C.had passed 答案C 20.He has got a remarkable_from his injury. A.remark B.recovery C.rest 答案B 三、閱讀理解(共計(jì)40分，每小題2分) 21-25題：閱讀下列短文，從A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案選項(xiàng)填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。 Passage 1 People say that money can not buy happiness.This

43、 was true for Howard Hughes.He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time.He had everything：good look，success，power，and a lot of money.But he didnt have love or friendship because he couldnt buy them.All his life he used his money to control everything and everyone around him.In the en

44、d，he lost control of everything，even himself. Howard Hughes was born in1905 in Houston，Texas.His father started the Hughes Tool Company.He was a workaholic(工作狂) and made a lot of money.He bought everything he wanted.He even gave money to schools so Howard could get into them.From his father，Howard l

45、earned to be a successful but merciless businessman.Hughess mother，Allene also had a big influence on his life.Howard washer only child.She protected him and gave him everything.Unfortunately Allene had mental problems.She was afraid of germs and diseases.She was obsessed with Howards health，and he

46、became obsessed with it too. Allene died when Howard was 16 years old.Two years later his father died.Hughes inherited the Hughes Tool Company.Then he married Ella Rice.He and Ella moved to Los Angeles，California.It was there that Howard Hughes began to become a legend(傳奇人物).Hughes began to invest h

47、is money in movies.He became an important producer soon after he moved to California.He worked hard，but he also played hard.He became obsessed with power and control When he couldnt get something legally，he gave money politicians and businessmen so they would help him.He owned a lot of businesses，in

48、cluding airplane companies，a movie studio(制片廠(chǎng))，Las Vegas hotels，gold and silver mines，and radio and television stations.Once he bought a television studio so he could watch movies all night.He also bought a hotel because he wanted to stay in his favorite room for one weekend. 21.According to the pas

49、sage，Howard Hughes was not_. A.good-looking B.wealthy C.friendly 答案C 22.Which of the following about Hughes father is NOT TRUE？ A.He started the Hughes Tool Company. B.He drank alcohol a lot. C.He worked hard. 答案B 23.Howard Hughes parents died_. A.when he was 16 years old B.before he was 19 years ol

50、d C.after he got married 答案B 24.The word obsessed in Paragraph 2 probably means_. A.troubled B.reduced C.related 答案A 25.From the passage，we learn what Mr.Hughes lacked in his life was_. A.education B.love C.money 答案B 附： 人們說(shuō)金錢(qián)買(mǎi)不來(lái)幸福。這對(duì)霍華德休斯來(lái)說(shuō)是正確的。他是他那個(gè)時(shí)代最富有和最有權(quán)勢(shì)的人之一。他擁有一切：漂亮的外表、成功、權(quán)力和很多錢(qián)。但他沒(méi)有沒(méi)有愛(ài)情和友情，因

51、為他買(mǎi)不到。他一生都用錢(qián)來(lái)控制周?chē)囊磺泻兔總€(gè)人。到最后，他失去了對(duì)一切的控制，甚至是他自己。 霍華德·休斯 1905 年出生于德克薩斯州的休斯敦。他的父親創(chuàng)辦了休斯工具公司。他是一個(gè)工作狂(工作狂)，賺了很多錢(qián)。他買(mǎi)了他想要的一切。他甚至給學(xué)校捐錢(qián)讓霍華德上學(xué)從父親那里，霍華德學(xué)會(huì)了成為一個(gè)成功但無(wú)情的商人。休斯的母親，艾倫也對(duì)他的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。霍華德·沃什唯一的孩子。她保護(hù)了他，給了他一切。不幸的是，艾倫有精神問(wèn)題。她是害怕細(xì)菌和疾病。她癡迷于霍華德的健康，他也變得癡迷。 艾倫在霍華德 16 歲時(shí)去世。兩年后他的父親去世。休斯繼承了休斯工具公司。然后他嫁給了艾拉

52、·賴(lài)斯。他和艾拉搬到了加利福尼亞州的洛杉磯?；羧A德·休斯就是在那里開(kāi)始成為傳奇的(人物傳奇),休斯開(kāi)始把錢(qián)投資在電影上。搬到加利福尼亞后不久，他成為了重要的制片人。他努力工作，但他也很努力。當(dāng)他無(wú)法得到什么時(shí)，他變得癡迷于權(quán)力和控制從法律上講，他為政客和企業(yè)提供幫助。他給了企業(yè)、電影制片廠(chǎng)(包括維加斯的飛機(jī)廠(chǎng))、金銀礦以及廣播和電視臺(tái)的很多錢(qián)。曾經(jīng)他買(mǎi)了一個(gè)電視演播室，這樣他就可以整晚看電影。他還買(mǎi)了一家旅館，因?yàn)樗朐谒钕矚g的房間里住一個(gè)周末。 21.根據(jù)文章，霍華德休斯不是_。 A.好看 B.有錢(qián)人 C.友好的 答案C 22.下列關(guān)于休斯父親的說(shuō)法不正確的是？ A.他

53、創(chuàng)辦了休斯工具公司。 B.他喝了很多酒。 C.他很努力。 答案B 23.Howard Hughes 的父母去世了_。 A.他16歲的時(shí)候 B.19歲之前 C.結(jié)婚后 答案B 24.第 2 段中的“癡迷”這個(gè)詞可能意味著_。 A.困擾 B.減少 C.相關(guān) 答案A 25.從這篇文章中，我們了解到休斯先生一生中缺乏的是_。 A.教育 B.愛(ài) C.錢(qián) 答案B 26-30題：請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷給出的語(yǔ)句是否正確，正確的寫(xiě)“T”，錯(cuò)誤的寫(xiě)“F”，并將正確答案選項(xiàng)填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。 Passage 2 All communication begins with the sender and ends with

54、 the receiver.The sender is responsible for successful conveyance.The senders personality，beliefs，cultural and educational background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be aware of this as he or she is encoding the message.Simply put ，encoding is translating information

55、into symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending.These symbols are usually words in written or spoken form.To ensure successful communication，the sender should know as much about his or her audience-the receiver-as possible in order to focus and support the encoding process. In addition to this aware