上海版滬版牛津各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及練習(xí)8Bunit3

1、牛津版本 8B Unit 3. Words.1. servant n. 仆人；傭人 e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. 諺水火是忠仆，用之不慎成災(zāi)主。 A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家應(yīng)當(dāng)是人民的公仆?！局R(shí)拓展】 serve v. 服務(wù)，待客e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他們以盛宴招待客人們。service n. 服務(wù)e. g. The train service to th

2、e capital is very good. 開(kāi)往首都的火車(chē)服務(wù)設(shè)施非常好。2. trick v. 欺騙；坑人e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄騙我給了他錢(qián)。（常與out of連用）騙走，惡作劇e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企圖騙走他的股份?！局R(shí)拓展】 trick n. 詭計(jì)；騙術(shù)，花招e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我會(huì)變魔術(shù)。 The children played a trick on their teac

3、her. 孩子們捉弄了他們的老師。3. electricity n. 電 e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 這個(gè)電站供應(yīng)這個(gè)區(qū)域的電?！局R(shí)拓展】 electrician n. 電工 electric adj. 發(fā)電的，由電產(chǎn)生的e.g. an electric cenerator發(fā)電機(jī) an electric plug電源插頭 an electric iron電熨斗4. flow v. 流動(dòng)e.g. The cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road.

4、汽車(chē)在主干道上不停地駛過(guò)?！境Ｓ么钆洹?flow away流走；流逝 flow down流下 flow into流入e.g. Time flows away quickly. 時(shí)光飛逝。 Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飛流直下到山腳下。 Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。5. meter n. 儀表；計(jì)量表【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤氣表 an electricity meter電表 a speed meter速度表e.g. There's a gas meter in ev

5、ery home. 在每間屋里都有煤氣表。6. amount n. 數(shù)量；量e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。 What is the amount of this? 這總共是多少？7. monthly adv. 每月一次e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我們按月讀它。 We pay the telephone bill monthly. 我們每月付一次電話賬單?！局R(shí)拓展】 daily adv. 每天一次，每天

6、地 weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地 yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地8. explanation n. 解釋?zhuān)唤庹f(shuō)；說(shuō)明e.g. The only explanation for his behaviour is that he's mad. 對(duì)他的行為的唯一解釋就是他瘋了。【知識(shí)拓展】 explain v. 解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解釋一下你為什么遲到嗎？9. scratch v. 搔；撓 e.g. He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his

7、nails. 他用指甲撓他腿上蟲(chóng)咬的地方。 （常與out，off，through連用）刮掉，削去；擦去：刪掉；劃掉 e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已從名單上劃掉了。 Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能幫我把輪子上的銹刮掉嗎？10. invisible adj. 看不見(jiàn)的；無(wú)形的 e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it when it moves. 空氣是看不見(jiàn)的，但是當(dāng)它移動(dòng)的時(shí)候我們能感受到?！局R(shí)拓展

8、】 visible adj. 看得見(jiàn)的；明顯的；顯著的 vision n. 視力e.g. Air isn't a visible object. 空氣不是可見(jiàn)物體。 She has good vision. 她的視力很好。11. form n. 形狀；形式e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好像討厭任何方式的運(yùn)動(dòng)?！局R(shí)拓展】 form n. 方式；制度e.g. Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的國(guó)家有不同的政治制度。l2. energy n.

9、 能量e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年輕人通常比老年人有活力。 Each year Americans use a high percentage of the world's energy. 每年美國(guó)人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高?！局R(shí)拓展】 energetic adj. 精力充沛的e.g. He is an energetic child.他是個(gè)精力旺盛的孩子。13. bulb n. 電燈泡e.g. The bulb is broken. Please change another one. 這個(gè)燈泡

10、壞了，請(qǐng)?jiān)贀Q一個(gè)。14. connect v. 連接，聯(lián)合e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把這根電線和電視機(jī)連上好嗎？ This thick wire is connected to my computer. 這根粗電線連接到我的電腦上。 This flight connects with a flight for New York. 這個(gè)航班可接上飛往紐約的一班飛機(jī)?！境Ｓ么钆洹?connect with和有聯(lián)系，和有關(guān)e.g. People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-

11、houses. 人們一提到維也納就會(huì)聯(lián)想到華爾茲圓舞曲和咖啡館。15. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。 Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine. 礦上發(fā)生意外事故時(shí)，許多礦工都被埋在地下。 He buried himself in his work. 他埋頭工作。16. politely adv. 客氣地，斯文地e.g. You should serve our guests pohiely.

12、 你必須有禮貌地服務(wù)我們的客人。 Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 湯姆給我一支煙，我禮貌地拒絕了?！局R(shí)拓展】 polite adj. 有禮貌的；斯文的 politeness n. 有禮，優(yōu)雅e.g. It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不問(wèn)一聲就自己吃起來(lái)是不太禮貌的。17. grin v. 露齒笑，咧嘴笑e.g. There was a grin on his face when he opened his birthday

13、presents. 當(dāng)他打開(kāi)他的生日禮物時(shí)，他的臉上露齒一笑?！局R(shí)拓展】 grin vt. 咧嘴而笑e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他高興得咧開(kāi)嘴笑。18. battery n. 電池e. g. Our bus won't start because the battery is flat. 我們的大客車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)了，因?yàn)殡姵貕牧恕?This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 這個(gè)袖珍計(jì)算器需用兩節(jié)干電池。19. contain v. 包含，含有e. g. Pig iron may contarn 4

14、%of carbon. 生鐵可含百分之四的碳。 The bottle contains two pints. 這瓶裝兩品脫。指點(diǎn)迷津：contain, hold 兩個(gè)單詞都含“包含，容納”的意思。contain著重“其中確實(shí)包含有”。 e. g. The bottle contains water.這個(gè)瓶子里有水。 hold指“能容納”。 e. g. The house holds 20 people. 這房子能住下20人。. Daily expressions. 日常表達(dá)1. be careful with謹(jǐn)慎，小心 e. g. Be careful with those delicate

15、plates. 使用那些細(xì)巧的盤(pán)子要小心。 Be careful when you're crossing the road. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。2. change into 變?yōu)?；使改?e.g. The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨，水變成了冰。 We can change electricity into different forms of energy such as light energy. 我們能把電變成各種形式的能量，比如光能。 The witch tried to change iron int

16、o gold. 那位巫婆試圖把鐵變成金。3. think of思考，想出來(lái) e.g. Have you thought of what job you are going to do? 你考慮過(guò)準(zhǔn)備做什么工作了嗎？ We are thinking of going to France. 我們正考慮到法國(guó)去。 I cant think of his name at the moment. 我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。4. be connected to被連接到 e.g. Are these cables connected to the power station?這些電纜是連接到發(fā)電站的嗎？ The

17、 channel will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history. 這條隧道將有史以來(lái)第一次把英國(guó)和歐洲大陸連接起來(lái)。5. at last最后 e.g. He waited for the bus for an hour. At last, it arrived. 他等了一個(gè)小時(shí)的公交車(chē)，最后終于來(lái)了?！倦S堂小練】I . Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. Would you like to get me some (batte

18、ry)?2. Don't always do such (fool) things, boy!3. Modern Family is a popular (month) magazine.4. In our daily life, electricity is a good (serve), but a dangerous one.5. The weather in Shanghai is always (change) in spring.II. Choose the right word to complete the sentence.1. I usually get the b

19、ill (to / for) water at the end of the month.2. The book is too difficult for a child to understand (in / by) a way.3. Please be careful (to / with) your steps on the rainy days.4. Do you know the keyboard is connected (to / with) the computer?5. We can buy rice and flour (in / of) packets.【keys】I.

20、1. batteries 2. foolish 3. monthly 4. servant 5. changeable II. 1. for 2. in 3. with 4. to 5. in Step 4: Important Sentences structures.1. She thinks she can buy it in packets, like sweets！ 句中can是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“能，可能”。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)詞性變化，表主語(yǔ)或說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣。(1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+can+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。(2)否定句：主語(yǔ)+cannot

21、 (can't)+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. I can't play football. 我不能踢足球。(3)疑問(wèn)句：Can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 回答：Yes, +主語(yǔ)十can. /No, +主語(yǔ)+can't. e.g. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I can't. 你能踢足球嗎？是的，我能。不，我不能。2. although electricity is much more dangerous than water.(1) more+ adj. +than e.g. Is this snake more dangerou

22、s than that one? 這條蛇比那一條更危險(xiǎn)嗎？(2) more十n./phrase十than e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的學(xué)生比二班的多?！局R(shí)拓展】 關(guān)于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí):(1) 對(duì)于單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)的形容詞我們一般在后面加上-er和-est。e.g. small- smaller- smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastes

23、t但要注意一些由形容詞變化而來(lái)的副詞，雖然其形式上為雙音節(jié)，但它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)要加more和most。e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly; happily- more happily- the most happily(2)對(duì)于多音節(jié)的形容詞，它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)要加more和most。e.g. beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful; dangerous- more dangerous- the most da

24、ngerous, difficult-more difficult-the most difficult3. You must always be careful with it. 句中must是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“必須，一定”。 (1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+must+動(dòng)詞原形 e. g. I must go home now. 我現(xiàn)在必須回家。 (2)否定句：主語(yǔ)+must not (mustn't)+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. I mustnt go home now. 我現(xiàn)在不準(zhǔn)回家。(3)疑問(wèn)句：Must+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 回答：Yes, 十主語(yǔ)+must. No, +主語(yǔ)十needn'

25、t. e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.No, you needn't. 現(xiàn)在我必須回家嗎？是的，你必須。不，你不必。4. May I have my packet of electricity? 句中may是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“可以”。(1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+may+動(dòng)詞原形¨e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。(2)否定句：主語(yǔ)+may not+動(dòng)詞原形 You may not sit down. 你不可以坐下。(3)疑問(wèn)句：May+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 回答：Yes, +主語(yǔ)+may. /No, +主語(yǔ)+may not.