英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二冊(cè)Unit 5 Ernest Hemingway

1、Ernest Hemingway19181900192319501Oak Park Oak Park is a village adjacent to the western side of the city of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is the 29th largest municipality in Illinois as measured by population, and has easy access to downtown Chicago due to public transportation

2、. adj.鄰近的；毗連的；接近的desnt2His father was a physician and his mother was devout and musical. physician (n.): a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgery e.g. The physician prescribed some medicine for the old man who had diabetes.3 devout (adj.): (of a person) believ

3、ing strongly in a particular religion and obeying its law and practices1) Devout Muslims observe Ramadan by abstaining from food, drink and smoking from dawn until sunset for the holy month.2) Her devout hope is that Kerry wins the electoral vote and Bush wins the popular vote.許多善男信女在磕頭祈禱。Numerous d

4、evout men and women are kowtowing and praying.4 musical (adj.): (of a person) with a natural skill or interest in music e.g. 1) John has a musical talent. 2) Everyone in my family is very musical.5In this context, Hemingways childhood pursuits fostered the interests which would blossom into literary

5、 achievements.Meaning: In such a situation, the things that Hemingway was fond of in his childhood developed his interests, which contributed to his success in literature. foster (v.): to encourage sth. to develop The aim of Student Alumni Association is to foster a sense of pride among students and

6、 alumni in the university. foster (v.): especially BrE to take another persons child into your home for a period of time, without becoming his or her legal parents They couldnt have a baby of their own, so they decided to foster.6 母親設(shè)法培養(yǎng)兒子對(duì)音樂(lè)的興趣。 The mother tried to foster her sons interest in music

7、. 我們應(yīng)培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力。 We should foster our abilities to study independently. 池塘里的睡蓮正盛開(kāi)著。 The water lily in the pond is in full blossom now. 他已成為第一流的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。 He blossomed out as a first-rate athlete.7Although Grace hoped her son would be influenced by her musical interests, young Hemingway preferred to accompany

8、his father on hunting and fishing trips. accompany (v.): to go with sb. or to be provided or exist at the same time as sth. Chronic anorexia commonly accompanies alcoholism, eventually leading to malnutrition. company (n.): the fact of being with somebody else and not alone She walked slowly along t

9、he avenue with only her thoughts for company.8 Note: “be accompanied by” can be exchanged with the phrase “in the company of”. He traveled in the company of (= with) his wife as far as Egypt. He was accompanied by his wife on traveling as far as Egypt. 閃電通常伴有雷聲。Lightning usually accompanies thunder.

10、 她為合唱作鋼琴伴奏。She accompanied the chorus on the piano. 9This love of outdoor adventure would be reflected later in many of Hemingways stories, particularly those featuring protagonist Nick Adams. Meaning: Hemingways affection for new outside experiences would be shown after in his novels, especially th

11、ose which included Nick Adams as the main character. (Nick Adams is a fictional character growing from child to parent paralleling to Hemingways own life.) feature (v.): to include sb. or sth. as an important part The Cold Mountain, a 2003 war drama film, featuring Nicole Kidman and Jude Law won sev

12、eral major awards and became a sleeper hit (=surprise hit). feature (n.): a typical quality or an important part of sth. The towns main features are its secular Gothic buildings in brick and ancient marketplace.10Nick Adams Adams is partly inspired by Hemingways own experiences, from his summers in

13、Northern Michigan to his service in the Red Cross ambulance corps in World War I. The first of Hemingways stories to feature Nick Adams were published in his 1925 collection In Our Time, with Adams appearing as a young child in the collections first story, “Indian Camp”. Most of these stories were l

14、ater collected in a 1972 book, published after Hemingways death, titled The Nick Adams Stories. They are, for the most part, stories of initiation and adolescence. 11Hemingway also had an aptitude for physical challenge that engaged him through high school, where he both played football and boxed. a

15、ptitude (n.): natural ability or skill at doing sth. 1) Attitude, not aptitude, determines your altitude. 2) While showing a strong aptitude for science and mathematics, Einstein failed several examinations in school. 松鼠有貯存食物的習(xí)性。 Squirrels have an aptitude for storing food. 12 engage (v.): formal to

16、 succeed in attracting and keeping ones attention and interest 1) Gone with the Bullets engaged both the mind and the eye of the audience. 2) Shakespeare engaged the sympathy of the audience in the way he depicted love in the play Romeo and Juliet.13Because of permanent eye damage contracted from nu

17、merous boxing matches, Hemingway was repeatedly rejected from service in World War I. Meaning: Hemingway was refused to enlist in the army in World War I for many times due to a permanent eye injury he had suffered. contract (v.): (written) to get an illness 1) Adults can contract measles if they ha

18、ve not been previously exposed or immunized. 2) He contracted a bad habit because he was always mixed with bad guys. contract (v.): to become less or smaller; to make sth. become less or smaller A frightened hedgehog contracts its body into a ball. 14Boxing provided more material for Hemingways stor

19、ies, as well as a habit of likening his literary feats to boxing victories.Meaning: Hemingways boxing experiences provided a lot of material for him to create in his works and thats why people commonly compare his achievements in literature to his success in boxing. liken sb./sth. to sb./sth.(phr.):

20、 to say that sb. is similar to or has the same qualities as sb. else Life is usually likened to a journey with unknown destinations. 15 feat (n.): something difficult needing a lot of skill, strength, bravery, etc. to achieve it 1) The Golden Bridge in San Francisco and the Eiffel Tower in Paris are

21、 brilliant feats of architecture. 2) The feat of the acrobat dancing on the rope took the audiences breath away.16Hemingway also edited his high school newspaper and reported for the Kansas City Star, adding a year to his age after graduating from high school in 1917. Meaning: Hemingway spent an ext

22、ra year editing his high school newspaper and reporting for the Kansas City Star, after graduating from high school in 1917.17Kansas City Star The Kansas City Star is a newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri, in the United States. Published since 1880, the paper is the recipient of eight Pulitzer

23、Prizes. The Star is most notable for its influence on the career of President Harry Truman and as the newspaper where a young Ernest Hemingway honed his writing style and for being central to government-mandated divestiture of radio and television outlets by newspaper concerns in the late 1950s.rspi

24、ntn.接受者；收信人 mndet 命令；指令；要求；授權(quán)davestt18After this short stint, Hemingway finally was able to participate in World War I as an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. stint (n.): a fixed or limited period of time spent doing a particular job or activity e.g. 1) During the 3-day stint in Hangzhou,

25、 I visited many scenic spots and historical monuments. 2) He lavished money on his children without stint.19American Red Cross The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education

26、 inside the United States. It is the designated U.S. affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.20During his convalescence in Milan, he had an affair with nurse Agnes von Kurowsky. convalescence (n.): a period of time when sb. gets well again after an illness o

27、r a medical operation; the process of getting well. The doctor aimed to accelerate convalescence of stroke in aged patients. affair (n.): a sexual relationship, especially a secret one It is a scandal that the President has an affair with one of his former aides. 21Fossalta di Piave Fossalta di Piav

28、e is a town in the province of Venice, Veneto, Italy. It is southeast of E70. It is 40 miles in the north of Venice. The towns approximately 4,000 inhabitants make their living in tourism and in the vine industry. At the age of 18, while serving as an ambulance driver on a bicycle, Ernest Hemingway

29、was injured there on July 8, 1918. He was badly wounded and had to be moved to a hospital in Milan.皮亞韋河畔福薩爾塔22Agnes von Kurowsky Agnes von Kurowsky Stanfield (January 5, 1892 September 25, 1984) was an American nurse who inspired the character “Catherine Barkley” in Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to A

30、rms.She served as a nurse in an American Red Cross hospital in Milan during World War I. One of her patients was the 19 year old Hemingway, who fell in love with her. By the time of his release and return to the United States in January 1919, She and Hemingway planned to marry within a few months in

31、 America. However in March she wrote that she had become engaged to an Italian officer. Although she did eventually return to the United States, they never met again. Their story is shown in the 1996 film In Love and War.Hemingway used his experiences in Italy as the basis for ten short stories. Fic

32、tionalized characters based on Kurowsky appear in his short stories A Very Short Story and The Snows of Kilimanjaro, as well as his novel A Farewell to Arms. nisvn2324Hemingway was given two decorations by the Italian government, and he joined the Italian infantry. Meaning: Hemingway was awarded two

33、 medals by the Italian government, and he joined Italian army which fought on foot. decoration (n.): a medal that is given to sb. as an honour The president awarded the Medal of Honor, this nations highest military decoration, to a young staff sergeant.25 infantry (n.): the part of an army that figh

34、ts on foot e.g. 1) A Roman legion was an infantry unit consisting of heavily armed soldiers, equipped with shields, armor, helmets, spears and swords. 2) Platoon or company officers should graduate from at least junior infantry schools.26Hemingway would witness firsthand the cruelty and stoicism req

35、uired of the soldiers he would portray in his writing when covering the Greco-Turkish War in 1920 for the Toronto Star.Meaning: Hemingway would see with his own eyes how the soldiers inflict cruelties and endure pains. And these soldiers would later be described in his writing when he reported on th

36、e war between Greece and Turkey for the Toronto Star in 1920.27The Greco-Turkish War The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days War and known as the Black 97 in Greece, was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece and Ottoman Empire. Its immediate cause was the question over the st

37、atus of the Ottoman province of Crete, whose Greek majority long desired union with Greece. As a result of the intervention of the Great Powers after the war, an autonomous Cretan State under Ottoman suzerainty was established the following year, with Prince George of Greece as its first High Commis

38、sioner. This was the first war effort in which the military and political personnel of Greece were put to test after the war of independence in 1821.28Toronto Star The Toronto Star is Canadas highest-circulation newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd., a division of Star Media Group,

39、a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation.sbsdiri子公司；附屬機(jī)構(gòu)29 witness (v.): to see something happen, especially an accident or crime He witnessed the thief stealing the mobile phone on the subway. witness (v.): to be the place, period, organization, etc. in which particular events take place This year has w

40、itnessed many milestones in the ongoing renaissance of the Union Square district. witness (n.): a person who sees something happen and is able to describe it to other people The witness is giving false testimony. 30 firsthand (adv.): by experiencing, seeing, etc. sth. yourself rather than being told

41、 about it by sb. else Most of the senior citizens who experienced the war firsthand realized the cruelty of the war and the value of everything they owned. second-hand (adj., adv.): not new; having been used in the past by someone else A flea market or swap meet is a type of bazaar where inexpensive

42、 or second-hand goods are sold or bartered.31 stoicism (n.): the quality of experiencing pain or trouble without complaining or showing your emotions e.g. 1) The soldier endured the great pain of his wound with stoicism and finished the mission as expected. 2) They reacted to the frustrating weather

43、 with typical British stoicism.32Stoicism Stoicism is a school of philosophy founded in 308 BC in Athens by Zeno of Citium (Cyprus). It teaches self-control and an indifference to pain or pleasure while advocating a staunch detachment from emotions. This allows one to be clear thinking, levelheaded

44、and unbiased. In practice it is designed to empower an individual with virtue and strength and to give him or her the ability to readily refuse corruption, temptation, and help those who are in need.斯多葛主義是古希臘的四大哲學(xué)學(xué)派之一，也是古希臘流行時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的哲學(xué)學(xué)派之一。（注：古希臘另外三個(gè)著名學(xué)派是柏拉圖的學(xué)園派，亞里斯多德的逍遙學(xué)派和伊壁鳩魯學(xué)派。）斯多葛（Stoic）今天幾乎等于克制和堅(jiān)忍

45、的同名詞。的確，斯多葛學(xué)派的哲學(xué)家們追求的是消除激情和欲望，過(guò)冷靜而達(dá)觀的生活，他們不把惡看成是惡，說(shuō)痛苦和不安僅僅是來(lái)自?xún)?nèi)心的意見(jiàn)，而這是可以由心靈消除的。他們恬淡自足，一方面堅(jiān)持自己的勞作，把這些看作是自己的本分；而另一方面又退隱心靈，保持自己精神世界的清靜一隅。33The Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War was fought from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939 between the Republicans, who were loyal to the established Spanish Republic

46、, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists prevailed and Franco would rule Spain for the next 36 years.34Upon returning briefly to the United States after the First World War, Hemingway worked for the Toronto Star and lived for a short time in Chicago.Mea

47、ning: Shortly after he came back to the United States after the First World War, Hemingway worked for the Toronto Star and lived for a short time in Chicago. briefly (adv.): for a short time e.g. 1) He showed himself briefly at the party. 2) He served briefly as Prime Minister and then resigned with

48、 some unknown reason.35Chicago Chicago, a city in the U.S. state of Illinois, is the third most populous city in the United States and the most populous city in the American Midwest. Its metropolitan area (also called “Chicagoland”), which extends into Indiana and Wisconsin, is the third-largest in

49、the United States, after those of New York City and Los Angeles. 36Sherwood Anderson Sherwood Anderson (September 13, 1876 March 8, 1941) was an American novelist and short story writer. His most enduring work is the short story sequence Winesburg, Ohio. It was Andersons influence which saw both Fau

50、lkner and Hemingway first published.37Hadley Richardson Elizabeth Hadley Richardson (November 9, 1891 January 22, 1979) was the first wife of Ernest Hemingway. The two married in 1921 after a courtship of less than a year, and moved to Paris within months of being married. In Paris, Hemingway pursue

51、d a writing career, and through him Hadley met other expatriate British and American writers.In 1925 Hadley learned Hemingway was involved with another woman, Pauline Pfeiffer, and she divorced him the following year. In 1933 Hadley married a second time, to journalist Paul Mowrer, whom she met in P

52、aris.38David Lloyd George David Lloyd George (17 January 1863 26 March 1945) was a British Liberal politician and statesman. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and led a Wartime Coalition Government between 1916 and 1922 and was the Leader of the Liberal Party from 1926 to 1931.39Clemenceau

53、 Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (28 September 1841 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who led the nation to victory in the First World War. A leader of the Radical Party, he played a central role in politics after 1870. Clemenceau served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and agai

54、n from 1917 to 1920. He was one of the principal architects of the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Nicknamed “Pre la Victoire” (Father Victory) or “Le Tigre” (The Tiger), he took a very harsh position against defeated Germany and won agreement on Germanys payment of large

55、 sums for reparations.40Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country from 1922 to his ousting in 1943. In 1926 Mussolini seized total power as dictator and ruled Italy as Il Duce (“the l

56、eader”) from 1930 to 1943. Mussolini was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism.41This time of stylistic development for Hemingway reached its zenith in 1923 with the publication of Three Stories and Ten Poems by Robert McAlmon in Paris and the birth of his son John. stylistic (adj.): con

57、nected with the style an artist uses in a particular piece of art, writing or music With a considerable number of convincing examples, this thesis demonstrates stylistic similarities and differences at three levels lexical level, syntactic level and textual level.42 zenith (n.): the best or most suc

58、cessful point or time Michael Jacksons musical career reached its zenith during 1980-1996, but after that he was always disturbed by rumors. nadir (n.): the worst moment, or the moment of least hope and least achievement At the nadir of her career, she was given great encouragement by her husband.43

59、Robert McAlmon Robert Menzies McAlmon (March 9, 1895 February 2, 1956) was an American author, poet and publisher.44In January 1923 Hemingway began writing sketches that would appear in In Our Time, which was published in 1924. sketch (n.): a short written or spoken story which does not have many de

60、tails e.g. 1) A biological sketch will be of considerable significance to further study of his poems and his thought. 2) The story depicts a family of storks and what happens to them during four seasons in a thumbnail sketch.45At this point he had no writing that was not committed to publication, an