土木工程專業(yè)英語課文翻譯考試必備

1、土木工程專業(yè)英語課文_翻譯_考試必備土木工程專業(yè)英語課文翻譯The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and masonry brick, stone, or tile, and similar materials. The courses or layers were bound together with mortar or bitumen, a tar like substance, or some other binding agent. The Greeks and Romanssometimes

2、used iron rods or claps to strengthen their building. The columns of the Parthenon in Athens, for example, have holes drilled in them for iron bars that have now rusted away. The Romans also used a natural cement called puzzling, made from volcanic ash, that became as hard as stone under water.早期時代的

3、主要施工材料，木材和砌體磚，石，或瓷磚，和類似的材料。這些課程或層密切聯(lián)系在一起，用砂漿或瀝青，焦油一個樣物質，或其他一些有約束力的代理人。希臘人和羅馬人 有時用鐵棍或拍手以加強其建設。在雅典的帕臺農神廟列，例如，在他們的鐵鉆的酒吧現(xiàn)在已經 生銹了孔。羅馬人還使用了天然水泥稱為令人費解的，由火山灰制成，變得像石頭一樣堅硬在水 中。Both steel and cement, the two most important construction materials of modern times, were introduced in the nineteenth century. Steel

4、, basically an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon had been made up to that time by a laborious process that restricted it to such special uses as sword blades. After the invention of the Bessemer process in 1856, steel was available in large quantities at low prices. The enormous advantage o

5、f steel is its tensile force which, as we have seen, tends to pull apart many materials. New alloys have further, which is a tendency for it to weaken as a result of continual changes in stress.鋼鐵和水泥，兩個最重要的現(xiàn)代建筑材料，介紹了在十九世紀。鋼，鐵，基本上是少量的碳合金已作出了這一由一個艱苦的過程，限制它的刀刃等特殊用途的時間。后在1856年發(fā)明貝塞麥過程，鋼在低價格大批量供貨。鋼鐵的巨大優(yōu)勢是

6、它的拉伸力，正如我們所看到的，往往會拉開許多材料。新合金進一步，這是一個趨勢，它削弱了在壓力不斷變化的結果。Modern cement, called Portland cement, was invented in 1824. It is a mixture oflimestone and clay, which is heated and then ground into a power. It is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate small stones, crushed rock, or grav

7、el, and water to make concrete. Different proportions of the ingredients produce concrete with different strength and weight. Concrete is very versatile; it can be poured, pumped, or even sprayed into all kinds of shapes. And whereas steel has great tensile strength, concrete has great strength unde

8、r compression. Thus, the two substances complement each other. 現(xiàn)代水泥，稱為硅酸鹽水泥，發(fā)明于1824年。它是石灰石和粘土的混合物，被加熱，然后進入電源地。它是混合達到或接近沙施工現(xiàn)場，聚集的小石頭，碎石，或石 子和水，使混凝土。不同比例的成分產生不同強度和重量混凝土?；炷潦欠浅ｌ`活，它可澆， 泵浦，或連成各種形狀噴灑。和鑒于鋼具有很大的拉伸強度，混凝土受壓的偉大力量。因此，這兩種物質是相輔相成的。They also complement each other in another way: they have almost t

9、he same rate of contraction and expansion. They therefore can work together in situations where both compression and tension are factors. Steel rods are embedded in concrete to make reinforced concrete in concrete beams or structures where tensions will develop. Concrete and steel also form such a s

10、trong bond? the force that unites them? that the steel cannot slip within the concrete. Still another advantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. Acid corrodessteel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid.他們還以另一種方式補充對方: 他們幾乎在同樣的速度收縮和擴張。因此，他們可以一起工作的情況下壓縮和緊張的因素

11、。鋼條是嵌在混凝土，使鋼筋混凝土結構中混凝土梁或地方的緊張局勢會發(fā)展?；炷梁弯撘残纬扇绱藦娏业募~帶團結的力量?他們的鋼材，不滑內的混凝土。還有一個好處是，不生銹的鋼混凝土。酸腐蝕鋼，而混凝土的堿性化學反應，酸相反。The adoption of structural steel and reinforced concrete caused major changes in traditional construction practices. It was no longer necessary to use thick walls of stone or brick for multist

12、ory buildings, and it became much simpler to build fireresistant floors. Both these changes served to reduce the cost of construction. It also became possible to erect buildings with greater heights and longer spans.結構鋼和鋼筋混凝土建筑采用傳統(tǒng)的做法造成了重大變化。它不再需要使用的石塊或磚頭厚的多層建筑物的墻壁，成為更簡單，建立防火地板。這些變化都有助于降低建設成本。它也成為 可

13、能有更大的直立高度和時間跨度的建筑。Since the weight of modern structures is carried by the steel or concrete frame, the walls do not support the building. They have become curtain walls, which keep out the weather and let in light. In the earlier steel or concrete frame building, the curtain walls were generally mad

14、e of masonry; they had the solid look of bearing walls. Today, however, curtain walls are often made of lightweight materials such as glass, aluminum, or plastic, in various combinations.由于現(xiàn)代結構重量是由鋼或混凝土框架進行，墻壁不支持建設。他們已成為玻璃幕墻，它保持了天氣和光線讓。在早期的鋼或混凝 土框架結構，玻璃幕墻，一般由磚石，他們有堅實的承重墻看看。然而，今天，玻璃幕墻往往是 由諸如玻璃，鋁，塑料或輕

15、質材料，在各種組合。Another advance in steel construction is the method of fastening together the beams. For many years the standard method was riveting. A rivet is a bolt with a head that looks like a blunt screw without threads. It is heated, placed in holes through the pieces of steel, and a second head is

16、 formed at the other end by hammering it to hold it in place. Riveting has now largely been replaced by welding, thejoining together of pieces of steel by melting a steel material between them under high heat.鋼結構建筑的另一個進步是梁緊固在一起的方法。多年來，標準方法是鉚。鉚釘是一個頭，像一個沒有線程看起來鈍螺絲螺栓。它被加熱時，通過放置在洞的鋼件，第二頭在另一端形成的 錘擊它舉行到位。

17、鉚接現(xiàn)在很大程度上是由焊接取代，加入鋼件在一起融化在高溫下它們之間的 鋼鐵材料。Presstressed concrete is an improved form of reinforcement. Steel rods are bent into the shapes to give them the necessary degree of tensile strengths. They are thenused to priestess concrete, usually by one of two different methods. The first is to leave chan

18、nels in a concrete beam that correspond to the shapes of the steel rods.When the rods are run through the channels, they are then bonded to the concrete by filling the channels with grout, a thin mortar or binding agent. In the other (and more common) method, the priestesses steel rods are placed in the lower part of a form that corresponds to the shape of the finished structure, and the concrete ispoured around them. Priestess s concrete