科技英語教案

1、科技英語教案授課教師授課班級授課地點(diǎn)教材科技英語綜合教程.劉愛軍 王斌.2011.外語教學(xué)與研究出版社.授課內(nèi)容Unit 1Text A Game Theory學(xué)時(shí)4 periods教學(xué)目的1. Analyzing game theory and its application in life2. Mastering the key language points and grammatical structures in the text3. Conducting a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities

2、related to the theme of the unit.4. Mastering the translating skills of nominalization教學(xué)重點(diǎn) 與難點(diǎn)Teaching emphasis: Understanding game theory and its application in lifeMastering the key language points and grammatical structures in the text Teaching difficulties: Mastering the translating skills of no

3、minalization教學(xué)方法 與手段Teaching method: heuristic teaching Teaching aids: Multi-media and blackboard教學(xué)參考書科技英語綜合教程 教師用書.劉愛軍 王斌.2011.外語教學(xué)與研究出版社.教學(xué)進(jìn)程I . Teaching Plan (180 minutes)1. Warm-up (10 minutes)2. Detailed Study ( 145 minutes)3. Translating skills of nominalization (24 minutes)4. Assignment (1 mi

4、nute)II . Teaching Steps1. Warm-up: (10 minutes)1) . Have you ever watched the movie A Beautiful Mind ? What is the story about?2) . What are the basic elements of games and what is the goal of the participants in the game?3) . In order to win in a game, what kind of approach or strategy should be a

5、pplied?2. Detailed Study(145 minutes)Step1. Text OrganizationPart 1: : paras. 1-3Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperative forms.Part 2: : paras. 4-11There are two distinct types of strategic imterdependence;

6、 sequential move game and simultaneous-move game. Part Three: paras: 12-19The typical examples of game theory are given as basic principles such as prisoners ' dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information.Part Four: para. 20The research of game theory

7、has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future.Step 2. Detailed study of part oneTerms: game theory, zero-sum game,Words and phrases:1) outcome: The outcome of an activity, process, or situation is t

8、he situation that exists at the end of itE.g:Mr. Singh said he was pleased with the outcome.辛格先生說他對這一結(jié)果感到滿意。2) rear: v. bring up and educate children rear a family 養(yǎng)家I was reared in east Texas我在得克薩斯州東部長大。n. the rear the back part 后部、背后、后面 a kitchen in the rear of the house3) takeover: n.公司的接收或并購The

9、economy of Hong Kong goes well after its .4) implement: 1. V.履行;實(shí)施 N-COUNT可數(shù)名詞工具;器具；用具e.g We need money to implement the program. plans, policies, a program of reformsknives and other useful implements.刀子和其他有用工具5) jointly: in collaboration or cooperation adv. 共同地，聯(lián)合地，連帶地e.g The two boys owned the bo

10、at jointly.joint: n.關(guān)節(jié)，連接處 adj.共有的，共同的6) fight back: When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. 抵抗，反擊, 強(qiáng)忍住e.g If he hit you, why didn't you fight back?7)cut down:削減；減少使用e.g If you spend more than your income, can you try to cut down?如果你入不敷出，可以試著減少開支嗎？Content questions:1. What

11、 kind of games did early game theory mathematicians emphasize? What is the current research focus?2. Are game strategies different from decisions made in a neutral environment? Why or why not?Step 3. Detailed study of part two1) When thinking about how others will respond, one must put oneself in th

12、eir shoes, and think as they would;one should not impose one ' s own reasoning on them? 在考慮其他博弈者會如何應(yīng)對時(shí)，博弈者必須能設(shè)身處地地?fù)Q位思考，而不能把自己的主觀判 斷強(qiáng)加于人。2) In contrast to the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games, a game with simultaneous moves involves a logical circle.? Paraphrase: A game with simulta

13、neous move requires a logical circular thinking, which is totally different from the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games? 與連續(xù)策略博弈的線性思維不同，聯(lián)立策略的博弈涉及邏輯循環(huán)。3) square: v.與 一致，符合? That explanation squares with the facts, doesn't it.那個(gè)解釋和事實(shí)相符，不是嗎? Square the circle: to attempt sth. impossible

14、 做(似乎是)不可能的事情best4) When we say that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each person ' s privately choice will lead to a collectively optimal result.?當(dāng)我們把博弈的結(jié)果表述為一種均衡的時(shí)候,并不能假定博弈的每個(gè)參與者的個(gè)人最佳策略將帶來共同的最優(yōu)化結(jié)果。collectively: adv.全體的，共同的e.g. All members of the Cabinet are collective

15、ly responsible for decisions taken.? 所有內(nèi)閣成員對所作決定集體負(fù)責(zé)。optimal: a. best or most favorable 最佳的e.g. Aim to do some physical activity three times a week for optimal health.? 為了達(dá)到最佳的健康狀況，要力爭每周進(jìn)行3次身體鍛煉。Content questions:1) . What is the essence of the game?2) . In a sequential-move game, what do the player

16、s do? While in a simultaneous game, what do the players do?3) . What is the general principle for players in the simultaneous game?4) . Can you describe the concept of Nash equilibrium? How is it used in circular reasoning of games?Step 4. Detailed study of part three and part four1) . confess: v.co

17、nfesses。sth/doing sth承認(rèn)，供認(rèn)坦白(自己做錯(cuò)的事)? She finally confessed to having stolen the money.confess sth to sb(向神父)懺悔，告解? You just go to the church and confess your sins.你干脆去教堂懺悔自己的罪過吧。2) . outweigh: v. be greater in weight, value or importance than sthe.g The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 禾

18、U遠(yuǎn)大于弊? out- 為前綴，意為 exceeds, go beyond3) . Prisoners ' dilemmagame theory, the prisoners' dilemma is a typeoognone in which two playerscan cooperate with or defect the other player.4) Game theory quantifies this insight and details the right proportions of such mixtures.? 博弈論為提高洞察力和掌握混合性策略恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

19、火候提供了參考。5) . deter: v.sb. from doing sth.使某人決定不做某事e.g Failure did not deter him from making another attempt. 他并未因失敗而畏縮不前。6) . credible: adj.可信的，可靠的incredible: adj.不可思議的； 驚人的； 難以置彳t的；credibility: n.可靠性，可信性；確實(shí)性7) . renege: v. fail to keep a promise, one食言； 背wordIf someone reneged on a deal, they could

20、 never trade here again.誰要是違背了約定，就永遠(yuǎn)不能再在這里進(jìn)行交易。8) . commit to:對作出承諾，擔(dān)負(fù)責(zé)任；致力于一；把固定在e.g. He has committed himself to the cause of education. 他已決心、獻(xiàn)身教育事業(yè)。9) . monopoly: n. 專賣權(quán)，專禾U權(quán)gain a ? In some countries, tobacco is a government 專賣品Content questions:1) . In tennis why is it crucial for players to mi

21、x their moves?2) . What is brinkmanship strategy in games of conflict?3) . What is the process of bargaining for players? What agreement can be reached?3. The translating skillsnominalization(24 minutes)Nominalization(名詞化結(jié)構(gòu))1)單純名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)：指由一個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞修飾一個(gè)中心名詞構(gòu)成的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)。water purification system該結(jié)構(gòu)的中心名詞是system

22、, purification 修飾water,因此該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于 a system for the purification ofwater2)復(fù)合名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)：指由一個(gè)中心名詞和形容詞、名詞、副詞、分詞及介詞短語等多個(gè)前置或后置修飾 語構(gòu)成。acute bacterial peritonitis急性細(xì)菌性腹膜炎將名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)譯為動(dòng)詞All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.這里的名詞passage在翻譯時(shí)要譯為動(dòng)詞

23、"通過"。全句譯為：只要有足夠的電位差，電流便可通過任何物體。將名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)譯為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系A(chǔ)s a small-scale illustration of the artificial modification of physical weather processes, take the frost prevention in an orchard.劃線部分的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)譯為“對天氣的物理過程進(jìn)行人工影響”全句譯為：我們可舉果園中防霜作為說明對天氣的物理過程進(jìn)行小尺度人工影響的例子。4. Assignment minute)Do the exercises of multipl

24、e choice, blank filling, cloze.大學(xué)英語讀寫四教案授課教師授課班級授課地點(diǎn)教材科技英語綜合教程.劉愛軍.2011.外語教學(xué)與研:究出版社.授課內(nèi)容Unit 2 Medicine_,學(xué)時(shí)4Text A Making a Little Progress教學(xué)目的1. Learn about some progress irMedicine.2. Understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it.3. Grasp some keys words, phrases and some

25、useful sentence patterns.教學(xué)重點(diǎn) 與難點(diǎn)Teaching emphasis: 1科技英語閱讀方法(二)科技英語翻譯技巧(二);2. key words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns;Teaching difficulties: some progress inMedicine教學(xué)方法 與手段Teaching method: lecture with pair work and group discussion Teaching aids: Multi-media and blackboard教學(xué)參考書和 網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源

26、1 .范武邱.實(shí)用科技英語翻譯講評.外文出版社.2001年.2 .馮志杰.漢英科技翻譯指要.中國對外翻譯出版 公司.2000年.3 .華先發(fā).新適用英譯漢教程.湖北教育出版社.2001年.On-line resources: English on line教學(xué)進(jìn)程I . Teaching Plan (180 minutes)1. Lead in (5 minutes)2. Specialized terms (30 minutes)3. Text organization (10 minutes)4. Text comprehension ( 35 minutes)5. Detailed st

27、udies (30 minutes)6. Reading Techiniques for EST (25 minutes)7. Translation Techiniques for EST (25 minutes)8. Assignment and Exercise ( 20 minute)II . Teaching Steps1. Lead in (5 minutes)Ask them to give some examples of the nanomaterials in our daily lives and show the students some slides of pict

28、ures.Tips:The feet of the shore flies are tiny flies that can be found near seashores or at smaller inland waters, such as ponds. The polar bear is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean. Polar bear fur consists of a layer of dense underfur and an outer layer of

29、 guard hairs. The toes of the gecko have a special adaptation that allows them to adhere to most surfaces without the use of liquids or surface tension.2. Specialized terms （30 minutes）Ask students to discuss, finding out the connotations of these terms.次萬，乂萬 10 的-5 次方：ten to the negative five 10 的

30、5 次方：ten to the five正： positive 負(fù)：negetive 平方：square 平方根：square root 立方：cube 10 的-1 次方：ten to the negative one 或 one over a （表示 a 分之 1 或1 除以 a）“Metric systemi'Metric system is a decimal ?d?m?l system of weights and measures based on the meter and the kilogram. Litre is a unit of capacity in the

31、metric system.升是公制測量中的一個(gè)單位。 The kilometer is thebiggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最大的長度單位。“Types of nanomaterialsThe first type is nanoparticle. The second is the nanotube. This passage talks about the appliance of Nano particles to the cancer detection and treatment.納米材料可簡單定義為尺寸小于1

32、00nm 的一種或多種的晶?；蝾w粒所組成的材料，依其型態(tài)可區(qū)分為等軸（粉體）、層狀（薄膜）及絲纖狀（纖維或管）等（圖1）。納米粉末：又稱為超微粉或超細(xì)粉，一般指粒度在100納米以下的粉末或顆粒，是一種介于原子、分子與宏觀物體之間處于中間物態(tài)的固體顆粒材料。納米纖維：指直徑為納米尺度而長度較大的線狀材料。本文：人體修復(fù)材料；抗癌制劑等。Basic properties of nanometer materialsBasic properties of nanometer materials: surface effect, small size effect, quantum effect an

33、d macro quantum tunnel effect.納米生物材料基本效應(yīng)：小尺寸效應(yīng)（體積效應(yīng)）表面效應(yīng)（重點(diǎn)）、量子尺寸效應(yīng)、宏觀量子隧道效應(yīng)小尺寸效應(yīng)When the size of the particle has been in the nanoscale, the physical properties would change a lot. For example, the melting point of gold decreased to the 327 degrees celcius when reduced to 2nm. And the melting point

34、 of silver decreased to the 100 degrees celcius when reduced to 5nm. 當(dāng)顆粒尺寸處于納米尺度時(shí)，由于 粒子包含的原子數(shù)很少，使得材料的聲、光、電、磁、熱等物理性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化，這樣的效應(yīng)稱為小尺寸 效應(yīng)，也叫體積效應(yīng)。由于金屬納米粒子對光的反射率極低，導(dǎo)致所有的金屬在納米顆粒狀態(tài)下均呈黑 色；相比于塊體狀態(tài)下，納米金屬顆粒的熔點(diǎn)要低得多，比如金的常規(guī)熔點(diǎn)為1064C,而當(dāng)顆粒尺寸減小到2nm時(shí)熔點(diǎn)僅為327C,金屬銀的粒子尺度下降到5nm時(shí)熔點(diǎn)僅為100C。表面效應(yīng)：納米粒子的表面原子數(shù)與總原子數(shù)之比隨粒徑減小而急劇增大所引起的性

35、質(zhì)變化稱為表面效應(yīng)。如 圖所示隨著粒子粒徑的減小，表面原子數(shù)急劇增大。當(dāng)納米粒子的粒徑為10nm時(shí)，表面原子數(shù)占總原子數(shù)的20%;當(dāng)粒徑減小到1nm時(shí)，99%的原子都集中到了粒子的表面。100806040200s軍用輟宜獻(xiàn)我烈輟A扇旦忠.1030304050粒筏(mu)宏觀量子隧道效應(yīng)宏觀量子隧道效應(yīng)是指納米粒子的一些宏觀量（如磁化強(qiáng)度）具有貫穿勢壘的能力。這一效應(yīng)限定 了磁盤、磁帶等存儲介質(zhì)的存儲時(shí)間極限，因?yàn)樗坏俏磥砦㈦娮悠骷陌l(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，也是其進(jìn)一步微 型化的極限。例如，在制造半導(dǎo)體集成電路時(shí)，當(dāng)電路的尺寸接近電子波長時(shí)，電子將通過隧道效應(yīng)而 穿透絕緣層，使器件無法正常工作。 因此，宏

36、觀量子隧道效應(yīng)已成為微電子學(xué)、光電子學(xué)中的重要理論。Targeting Drug Delivery Systemf靶向給藥系統(tǒng)或稱靶向制劑，誕生于 20世紀(jì)70年代，是指這種制劑能將藥品運(yùn)送到靶器藥物通過 局部或全身血液循環(huán)而濃集定位于靶組織、靶器官、靶細(xì)胞的給藥系統(tǒng)官或靶細(xì)胞，而正常部位幾乎不 受藥物的影響。 Targeted drug delivery, sometimes called smart drug delivery。 is a method of delivering medication to a patient in a manner that increases the

37、concentration of the medication in some parts of the body relative to others. The goal of a targeted drug delivery system is to prolong, localize, target and have a protected drug interaction with the diseased tissue. The conventional drug delivery system is the absorption of the drug across a biolo

38、gical membrane, whereas the targeted release system is when the drug is released in a dosage form. The advantages to the targeted release system is the reduction in the frequency of the dosages taken by the patient, having a more uniform effect of the drug, reduction of drug side effects, and reduce

39、d fluctuation in circulating drug levels. The disadvantage of the system is high cost which makes productivity more difficult and the reduced ability to adjust the dosages. There are two kinds of targeted drug delivery, active targeted drug delivery, such as some antibody medications; and passive ta

40、rgeted drug delivery, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR-effect). Delivery vehiclesThere are different types of drug delivery vehicles, such as, polymeric micelles, liposomes, lipoprotein-based drug carriers, nano-particle drug carriers, dendrimers etc. An ideal drug deliver

41、y vehicle must be non-toxic, biocompatible, non-immunogenic, biodegradable and avoid recognition by the host's defense mechanisms.Liposomes are composite structures made of phospholipids and may contain small amounts of other molecules. Though liposomes can vary in size from low micrometer range

42、 to tens of micrometers, unilamellar liposomes, as pictured here, are typically in the lower size range with various targeting ligands attached to their surface allowing for their surface-attachment and accumulation in pathological areas for treatment of disease. The most common vehicle currently us

43、ed for targeted drug delivery is the liposome. Liposomes are non-toxic, non-hemolytic and non-immunogenic even upon repeated injections; they are biocompatible and biodegradable and can be designed to avoid clearance mechanisms (reticuloendothelial system (RES), renal clearance, chemical or enzymati

44、c inactivation, etc.)Dendrimers are also polymer-based delivery vehicles. They have a core that branches out in regular intervals to form a small, spherical and very dense nanocarrier. Artificial DNA nanostructuresThe success of DNA nanotechnology in constructing artificially designed nanostructures

45、 out of nucleic acids such as DNA, combined with the demonstration of systems for DNA computing, has led to speculation that artificial nucleic acid nanodevices can be used to target drug delivery based upon directly sensing its environment. These methods make use of DNA solely as a structural mater

46、ial and a chemical, and do not make use of its biological role as the carrier of genetic information. Nucleic acid logic circuits have been demonstrated that could potentially be used as the core of a system which releases a drug only in response to a stimulus such as a specific mRNA.13 Additionally

47、, a DNA "box" with a controllable lid has been synthesized using the DNA origami method. This structure could encapsulate a drug in its closed state, and open to release it only in response to a desired stimulus. ApplicationsTargeted drug delivery can be used to treat many diseases, such a

48、s the cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. However, the most important application of targeted drug delivery is to treat cancerous tumors.3. Text organization (10 minutes)Ask students to discuss, finding out the organization of the text.Part 1: : para.1The government decided to take an initiative t

49、o fight against cancer by means of nanotechnology.Part 2: : para. 2Nanotechnology holds promise for cancer treatment on account of two main reasons: size and function.Part 3: ee: paras. 3-8Two kinds of nanoparticles nanocrystals of iron oxide and quantum dotshave been used for cancer detection in te

50、sts on mice.Part 4: r: paras. 9-18Three kinds of nanoparticles dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and liposomes have been used in tests for cancer killing.Part 5: e: paras. 19-21In spite of great progress in cancer nanotechnology, there are still many problems to solve.The structure is shown as the follow

51、ing.504. Text comprehension ( 35 minutes)Ask the students to read the text and discuss the following questions.1) What did NCI announce?Tips: (Para.1) nanotech solutions to cancer2) What is nanotech?3) Why does it hold promise for cancer detection and therapy?Tips: (Para.2) Size and function.Targete

52、d Drug Delivery System4) What are the delivery vehicles for cancer detection?Tips: two kinds of nanoparticlesnanocrystals of iron oxide (Para.3-5)quantum dot-probes (Para.6-8)5) Please find out the related researchers and the discoveries of their research.Tips:Nanocrystals of iron oxide:Researcher:

53、Jinwoo Cheon, a chemist at Yonsei Universary in Seoul, South Koreareported in the Sept. 7 Journal of the American Chemical SocietyHis report: It can make MRI pick out smaller tumors (Para 3-4); An experiment. (Para 5)Quantum Dot-probes:Researcher: Shuming Nie, a biomedical engineer and a chemistrepo

54、rted in the August 2004 Nature BiotechnologyHis report: It can detect multiple tumor cells by using multiple colors. (Para 6-7); An experiment. (Para 8) the limit of the researchDendrimers:Researcher: Baker and his team (Para 10)reported in the June 15 Cancer ResearchTheir experiment: attached the v

55、itamin folic acid to the particles (Para 10) added the chemotherapy drug methotrexate to the folio acid-loaded dendrimers (Para 11)Carbon Nanotubes:Researcher: Hongjie Dai and his groupreported in the Aug.16 Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesThe methodology:absorb near-infrared light an

56、d target nanotubes to cancer cells and kill the cells with heat (Para 12) turned to folic acid molecules for their cancer-seeking talents. (Para 13)Liposomes:Researcher: Esther Chang and Kathleen Pirollo (Para. 14)the result of the experiment (Para. 18): The mice died of old age, cancer-free.The met

57、hodology:-use liposomes to discover a gene called p53 (Para. 15)adding functioning p53 to cancer cells can resensitize tumors to cancer treatments. (Para. 16) attached to lipsomes an antibody fragment which will be received by the cells (Para. 17) experiment to prove this discovery (Para. 18);6) What are the problems and promising future?Tips: (Para.19-21)5. Detailed studies (30 minutes)Show the meaning and usage with the help of the slide. new blood: n, new member, new comer (=fresh blood) We need to bring in some new blood to brighten up our image. The company certainly nee