初三介詞復(fù)習(xí)課件

1、初三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)常見(jiàn)介詞 By Miss LinPrepositionsThe key is _the door.in front ofThe chair is _the cupboard.The stars are _ the box .例如: The book is _ the two boxes.betweenThe doll is the box.next to/beside/nearWhere is the basketball/clock?Its _ the desk.Where are the pencils/balls?They are _初三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)常見(jiàn)介詞 By Miss Li

2、nPrepositions什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？ 1.Look at me.( ) 2.He goes to school by bike.( ) 3.He is interested in drawing.( ) 4.The book is on the desk.( )代詞代詞名詞名詞 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 介詞:通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與 另一個(gè)之間的_。名詞名詞代詞代詞名詞名詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞關(guān)系關(guān)系一、介詞的定義 介詞是用于名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)之前，表示詞語(yǔ)之間意義關(guān)系的詞。 介詞不能單獨(dú)作為句子成分。它必須用在名詞或代詞之前組成介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代

3、詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、空間和其它關(guān)系。1.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞表示地點(diǎn)的介詞 1)at, in, onat一般指小地方。例如：at home, at the railway station in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)。例如：in the world on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如: on the playground. 例如：He arrived Shanghai yesterday. 他昨他天到達(dá)上海。They arrived a small village before dark. 他們?cè)谔旌谇暗竭_(dá)一個(gè)小村莊。There is a carpet the floor。 地板上鋪著一塊地毯

4、。inaton二、介詞的分類 in + 大地方大地方 at + 小地小地 方方 on +某層樓，物體表面某層樓，物體表面1.My uncle live _ F12 _the fifth floor. A.at, on B. in,on C.on, at2.They arrived _Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus _ the station to the hotel. A.at, in B. in, on C. in, at in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外； in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個(gè)

5、范圍以內(nèi)。例如：There are some tall trees the building.在大樓前有一些高樹(shù)。The teacher is sitting the classroom.老師坐在教室前面2)In front of ; in the front ofin front ofin the front of3)in; on; to in 在某范圍之內(nèi)在某范圍之內(nèi) to 在某范圍之外在某范圍之外 on 與某地相鄰、接壤與某地相鄰、接壤 1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in

6、,to C. to, in 2.Mongolia is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. to over, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具體含義不同。 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是 。 也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是 。 指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。 例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架橋。The plane flew above the clouds.飛機(jī)飛越云層。They put some flowers on the teachers desk. 他們

7、把一些花放在講桌上。4）over; above; onOverunderabovebelowOn on 在在的上面的上面,與表面接觸與表面接觸 over 在在的正上方的正上方,不接觸表面不接觸表面 under 在在下面下面(是是on,over的反義詞的反義詞)1.Look!There is a bridge_the river. A.on B. over C.above2.Can you see the egg _ the plate? A.on B.in C.over above 在在上方上方 below 在在下方下方,是是above的反義詞的反義詞1.The temperature wil

8、l stay _ zero in the day time, but at night it will fall _zero again. night. A.below,above B.above,below C.above,under2.There is a clock on the wall. Its _ the blackboard. A.on B.in C.above across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。 Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。 Through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間（中間）進(jìn)行。例如：The dog

9、 ran the grass.狗跑過(guò)草地。The boy swam the river.那男孩游過(guò)河。They walked the forest.他們穿過(guò)深林。5）across; throughacrossacrossthrough across 表面穿過(guò)表面穿過(guò) through 中間穿過(guò)中間穿過(guò) 1.The sunshine come into the room _ the window. A. across B. through C. past 2.You can go _ the road here. A. across B. through C. past 3.Can you swi

10、m _ the river. A. across B. through C. past 2.表示時(shí)間的介詞表示時(shí)間的介詞 表示時(shí)間的常用介詞（1）表時(shí)間的介詞1）at, in, on表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用 。 例如： (在五點(diǎn)鐘）, （在中午）, （在晚上）。 表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用 。 例如： （在十九世紀(jì)）, （在1998年）, （在一月）, （在冬天）, （在上午）, （在下午） 表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用 。 例如： （在星期天）, （在十月一日）, （在星期六早上）, （在一個(gè)寒冷的早上）atinonat five ocloc

11、kat noonat nightin the nineteenth centuryin 1998in January in the morningin the afternoonin winteron Sundayon October 1ston Saturday morningon a cold morning注意：在以this, that, next, last, tomorrow, yesterday 等開(kāi)始的表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組前不用介詞。 如: I will go to Beijing next week. We had a meeting yesterday.1. Mary is f

12、lying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9. A. on B. in C. at2. The twins were born _ a Friday evening. A. in B. on C. at3. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived _5 oclock _ the morning. A. on, in B. at, in C. at, in4. We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a r

13、est _ noon. A. in , in B. at ,at C. in, at2) after/inHe will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month. “in +一段時(shí)間” 表示“在（多久）之后”，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 After指時(shí)間“在以后”，后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段均可。接時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，多和將來(lái)時(shí)連用； 接時(shí)間段時(shí)，多和過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如： 他在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。 他將在四點(diǎn)鐘后到達(dá)。 一個(gè)月后，他回來(lái)了。2. in + 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 在在之后（內(nèi)），之后（內(nèi)），多用于

14、將來(lái)時(shí)多用于將來(lái)時(shí) after +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 在在之后，之后， 多用于過(guò)去時(shí)多用于過(guò)去時(shí) 1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in 2. Our manager came back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. at 3)since/for for + since + since + since + “since+ (過(guò)去時(shí)間，that 從句）”表示“自從起一直到現(xiàn)在”，“for +一段時(shí)間”表示“總共有之久”. She has lived

15、in Shenzhen 2009. She has lived in Shenzhen 3 years.常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)sincefor時(shí)段時(shí)段 + ago時(shí)間點(diǎn)一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子 for + 時(shí)段 since + 時(shí)段 + ago since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.He came here _ 1992, and he has lived here _ 1992. A. in, for B. in , since C. since, since2.I have known Li Lei _ over five years.

16、A. in B. since C. for3. It has been three years since he _ here. A. come B. came C. comes4. The old man has been away _ two years ago. A. in B. since C. for 4).before 在在之前之前 by 到到時(shí)為止時(shí)為止,不遲于不遲于1.He wont come back _ five . A.before B. after C.by2.The work must be finished _ Friday. A.at B.by C.after3.

17、We had three meetings _ last Friday. A.in B.before C. by 3.表示工具或手段的介詞表示工具或手段的介詞常用的此類介詞有：常用的此類介詞有：by, in, on, with (1) by, in, on 表示交通方式 用by時(shí)，交通工具不用任何限定詞； 用on 或in 時(shí)，交通工具前用限定詞。如： Jenny goes to school by bike. (by bike =on a bike) Mr.Green goes to work by car. (by car= in a car)on表示“以方式”，多用于固定詞組。 They

18、talked on the telephone. 他們通過(guò)電話進(jìn)行交談。 She learns English on the radio/TV. 她通過(guò)收音機(jī)/電視學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(2) by, in, with 表示手段或工具表示手段或工具 with 后跟具體的工具工具或用身體身體的某一部分。如： I often do my homework with a pen. He broke the window with a stone. I see with my eyes. 注意：with表示用某種工具時(shí)，必須用冠詞或物主代詞。 in表示使用某種語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)言或使用某種材料材料，語(yǔ)言、材料前不 加冠詞。 如

19、： Can you say it in English? Please write it in ink, not in pencil. by表示用某種方式或手段表示用某種方式或手段。如： This pair of shoes is made by hand. He makes a living by teaching.表方式、方法、手段表方式、方法、手段1. in 用材料、語(yǔ)言用材料、語(yǔ)言2. with 用工具、某物用工具、某物3. by 用方式、方法、手段用方式、方法、手段 1.My mother often go to work _ bike. A. in B. on C. by 2.If

20、 you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me _ phone. A. through B. by C. on 3.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard_a piece of chalk. A.with, with B. in ,with C.with ,in4.Can you say it _ English? A. in B. with C.by5.You can get some information _ the compute

21、r. A. in B. on C.by四四. .其它介詞其它介詞1.between 在兩者之間在兩者之間 among 在在當(dāng)中（三者或以上）當(dāng)中（三者或以上） during 在在期間期間 1.Some supermarkets open _ 8:30 and1.Some supermarkets open _ 8:30 and 8:00 p.m._ the Spring Festival. 8:00 p.m._ the Spring Festival.A A.at,during.at,duringB B.between,during.between,duringC C.between,in 2

22、.They lived _ the mountains in the past. A. among B. between C. during 3.Dont sit _ the two girls. A. among B. between C. during2.except 除除之外，不包括之外，不包括 besides 除除之外，還包括之外，還包括 1.All of us went to the park_Bob. He had to look after his sister. A. beside B. besides C. except _ English, Im also interest

23、ed in math. A. Beside B. Besides C. Except 3.表示關(guān)于的介詞：of, about, on1)of僅是提到或談到過(guò)某人或某事。2)about指“關(guān)于”某人或某事物的較詳細(xì)的情況3)on指“關(guān)于”學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅的事 He spoke the film the other day. 他前幾天提到了這部影片。 Can you tell me something yourself? 你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你自己的事情嗎？ He thought this matter yesterday. 他昨天考慮了這件事。 Its a textbook the history

24、of china. 它是一本有關(guān)中國(guó)歷史的教科書(shū)。ofaboutabouton 4.be made of; be made from The chair wood. The paper wood. 5. on the tree; in the tree There are lots of apples the tree. There is a kite the tree. 6.on the wall, in the wallThere is a big hole the wall.墻上有一個(gè)大洞。The teacher put up a picture the wall. 老師把一幅畫(huà)掛在墻上

25、。is made ofis made fromonininon7. die of, die fromfrom指 ，如受傷、車禍等。如： He died the wound. 他因受傷而致死。 of指 ，如病、餓等。如： The old man died hunger. 老人死于饑餓。fromof“外在的原因”“內(nèi)在的原因”3、介詞的句法功能 介詞不能單獨(dú)作為句子成分。它必須用在名詞或代詞之前組成介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、空間和其它關(guān)系。 介詞后面的名詞、代詞或其他成分作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。介詞與它后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)才能在句子中充當(dāng)某一成分。1.作 ，修飾名詞或代詞等，一般應(yīng)放在

26、被修飾的名詞或代詞等之后。如： The boy over there is my brother. 那邊那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難朋友才是真正的朋友。定語(yǔ)2、作 ，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、條件等。如： We go to school at 7:30 in the morning A bird is singing in the tree. He was tired with climbing the building. We couldnt do it so well without their help.

27、3、作 。如： The farmer made the king out of water. 農(nóng)民把國(guó)王救出了水面。狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4、作 ，常用于連系動(dòng)詞be的后面。如： Jack is in hospital. Lets go and visit him. 杰克在住院，我們?nèi)タ纯此伞?Ill be in the office every afternoon. 每天下午我都在辦公室。 I am from a doctors family. 我出生在一個(gè)醫(yī)生家庭里。表語(yǔ) 介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：The boy over t

28、here is Johns brother. 在那兒的那個(gè)男孩是約翰的弟弟。The girl will be back in two hours. 這位姑娘過(guò)兩個(gè)小時(shí)回來(lái)。 Our English teacher is from Australia. 我們的英語(yǔ)老師來(lái)自澳大利亞。 Help yourself to some fish. 請(qǐng)吃些魚(yú)。 I like to read a book for pleasure in the train. ( ） At present, my uncle is on vacation in Italy.( ） Lucy should be home by

29、10:00pm.（ ） Whos the man in the white car?（ ）狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。（1）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。4.介詞的固定搭配介詞的固定搭配 （2）介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。 （3）介詞與形容詞的搭