外科專業(yè)英語

1、酸堿平衡和水電解質(zhì)紊亂acid-base disorders 酸堿失衡 acid-base balance 酸堿平衡 acute/chronic acidosis 急性/慢性酸中毒 acidemia 酸血癥acute/chronic alkalosis 急性/慢性堿中毒 alkalemia 堿血癥simple acid-base disorder 單純性酸堿失衡mixed acid-base disorder 混合性酸堿失衡buffer system 緩沖對系統(tǒng) anion gap 陰離子間隙delta gap 陽離子間隙 respiratory acidosis 呼酸respiratory

2、alkalosis 呼堿 metabolic acidosis 代酸metabolic alkalosis 代堿 hypochloremia 低氯血癥hyperchloremia 高氯血癥 hypoxemia 低氧血癥hyperoxemia 高氧血癥 hypocalcemia 低鈣血癥hypercalcemia 高鈣血癥 hypokalemia 低鉀血癥hyperkalemia 高鉀血癥 hyponatremia 低鈉血癥hypernatremia 高鈉血癥 magnesium deficiency 鎂缺乏magnesium excess 鎂過多 hypomagnesemia 低鎂血癥hype

3、rmagnesemia 高鎂血癥 hypophosphatemia 低磷血癥hyperphosphatemia 高磷血癥 hypercapnia 高碳酸血癥posthypercapnic metabolic alkalosis 高碳酸血癥后堿中毒diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮癥酸中毒 uremia 尿毒癥lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒saline-responsive alkalosis 鹽水反應(yīng)性堿中毒saline-resistant alkalosis 鹽水抵抗性堿中毒isotonic dehydration 等滲性缺水 hypotonic dehydra

4、tion 低滲性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高滲性缺水edema 水腫water intoxication 水中毒休克shock 休克 hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克traumatic shock 創(chuàng)傷性休克 septic shock膿毒性休克shock lung 休克肺 shock kidney 休克腎軟組織感染furuncle 癤 paronychia 甲溝炎 erysipelas 丹毒 acute phlegmon 急性蜂窩織炎 acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎acute lymphadenitis急性淋巴結(jié) furunculosi

5、s 癤病 carbuncle 癰abscess 膿腫 acute ulcer急性潰瘍 chronic ulcer 慢性潰瘍fistula cannulas瘺管 sinus tract 竇道 felon 膿性指頭炎外科營養(yǎng)腸外營養(yǎng) parenteral nutrition 或 intravenous nutrition腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng) enteral nutrition 代謝性并發(fā)癥 metabolic complications膽汁淤積 cholestasis 基礎(chǔ)能量消耗 basal energy expenditure BEE誤吸 aspiration 腹瀉 diarrhea外科手術(shù)手術(shù)刀 sca

6、lpel 刀片 blade刀柄 hilt 手術(shù)剪 surgical scissors止血鉗 hemostatic forceps 直血管鉗 straight clamp彎血管鉗 Kelly clamp 蚊式止血鉗 mosquito forceps有齒止血鉗 kocher forceps 手術(shù)鑷 forceps組織鉗 tissue forceps or allis forceps 持針器 needle holder縫合針 suture needle 拉鉤 retractor巾鉗 towel clip 環(huán)鉗 ring forceps不可吸收縫線 nonabsorbable suture 絲線 si

7、lk suture切開 incision 剝離 dissection止血 hemostasis 結(jié)扎 ligation縫合 suture 剪線 cutting suture拆線 removing suture 引流 drainage骨科arthro-關(guān)節(jié) articulo-關(guān)節(jié) cranio-顱osteo-骨 burso-囊 chondro-軟骨costo-肋骨 myelo-骨髓 spondylo-椎骨thoraco-胸的 vertebra-椎骨 fascio-筋膜teno/tendo/tendino-肌 -kinesia 運(yùn) -porosis 多孔 -trophy 發(fā)育 -malacia 軟

8、化1、 中軸骨 AXIAL BONESbone n.骨 rib n.肋 vertebrae n.椎骨cervical vertebrae 頸椎 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sternum n.胸骨sacrum n.骶骨 coccyx 尾骨sternal manubrium 胸骨柄 xiphoid process 劍突atlas n.寰椎 axis n.樞椎sternal angle 胸骨角 thoracic cage 胸廓2、顱SKULLskull n. parietal bone 頂骨 frontal bone 額骨occipital b

9、one 枕骨 emporal bone 顳骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨ethmoid bone 篩骨 mandible n.下頜骨hyoid bone 舌骨 vomer n.犁骨 maxilla n.上頜骨 palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨 lacrimal bone 淚骨 zygomatic bone 顴骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 orbit n.眶coronal suture冠狀縫 sagital suture 矢狀縫 lambdoid suture 人字縫 cranial fontanelle 顱囟2、 附肢骨TARSAL BO

10、NES AND EXTREMITAL BONESclavicle n.鎖骨 scapula n.肩胛 humerus n.肱骨 radius n.橈骨 ulna n.尺骨 carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨 phalanges n.指骨，趾骨hip bone 髖骨 ilium n.髂骨 ischium n.坐骨 pubis n.恥骨 femur n.股骨 patella n.髕骨tibia n.脛骨 fibula n.腓 骨 tarsal bone 跗骨 metatarsal bone 跖骨4、關(guān)節(jié)韌帶flexion n.屈 extension n. 伸展 add

11、uction n.收 medial rotation 旋內(nèi) lateral rotation 旋外 pronation n旋前.supination n.旋后 circumduction n.環(huán)轉(zhuǎn) vertebral column脊柱temporal-mandibular joint 顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)articulation n.關(guān)節(jié) ligament n.韌帶intervertebral disc 椎間盤 shoulder joint 肩關(guān)節(jié)elbow joint 肘關(guān)節(jié) radiocarpal joint 橈腕關(guān)節(jié)pelvis n.骨盆 hip joint 髖關(guān)節(jié) knee joint 膝關(guān)節(jié)a

12、nkle joint 踝關(guān)節(jié) arthrography n.關(guān)節(jié)造影 compacta n.骨密度 epiphysis n.骨骺 ossification n.骨化synovial joints 滑膜關(guān)節(jié) fibrous纖維連結(jié) syndesmosis韌帶連結(jié) cartilaginous joints 軟骨連結(jié) articular surface (cavity)關(guān)節(jié)面(腔) suture縫articular disk關(guān)節(jié)盤 articular labrum 關(guān)節(jié)唇 articular capsule關(guān)節(jié)囊 extracapsular ligament 囊外韌帶 intracapsular l

13、igament 囊內(nèi)韌帶 yellow ligament黃韌帶 fibrous layer (membrane)纖維層，纖維膜 synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜層，滑膜 ynovial fold (villi)滑膜襞 synovial fluid滑液 circumduction環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng) vertebral joints椎骨連結(jié)ionterspinous ligament棘間韌帶 intertransverse ligament橫突間韌帶 Intervertebral symphysis椎間聯(lián)合 interverbral discs椎間盤 Fibrous rings纖維環(huán)

14、 Pulpiform nucleus髓核 Anterior longitudinal前縱韌帶 Posterior longitudinal后縱韌帶 Zygapophysial joint關(guān)節(jié)突關(guān)節(jié) Lumbosacral joint 腰骶連結(jié) Costovertebral joints肋椎關(guān)節(jié) Joint of costal head肋頭關(guān)節(jié) Lambdoid suture人字縫Costotransverse joint 肋橫突關(guān)節(jié) Cranial suture 顱縫 Sternocostal joints胸肋關(guān)節(jié) Coronal (sagittal) suture冠矢狀縫 Synchondr

15、oses of cranium顱結(jié)合 Temporomandibular joint顳下頜關(guān)節(jié) joints of shoulder girdle上肢帶連結(jié) coracoacromial ligament喙間韌帶Coracoclavicular ligament喙鎖韌帶 Acromioclavicular joint肩鎖關(guān)節(jié) Elbow joint肘關(guān)節(jié)Sternoclavicular joint胸鎖關(guān)節(jié) Shoulder joint肩關(guān)節(jié) Humeroulnar joint肱尺關(guān)節(jié) Joints of hand手關(guān)節(jié) Humeroradial joint肱橈關(guān)節(jié) Radiocarpal jo

16、int ,wrist joint橈腕關(guān)節(jié)，腕關(guān)節(jié) Intercarpal joints腕骨間關(guān)節(jié) Carpometacarpal joints腕掌關(guān)節(jié) Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌關(guān)節(jié) Intermetacarpal joints掌骨間關(guān)節(jié) Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指關(guān)節(jié) Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨間關(guān)節(jié) Joints of pelvic girdle下肢帶連結(jié) Pubic symphysis恥骨聯(lián)合 Interpubic disc恥骨間盤 Obturator membrane閉孔膜 S

17、acroiliac joints骶髂關(guān)節(jié) Pelvis骨盆 Sacrotuberous ligament骶結(jié)節(jié)韌帶 Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔 Terminal line界線 Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆 Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口 Pubic arch恥骨弓 Subpubic angle恥骨下角 Pelvic cavity骨盆腔 Joints of free lower limb自由下肢連結(jié) Hip joint髖關(guān)節(jié) Knee joint膝關(guān)節(jié) Transve

18、rse acetabular lig.髖臼橫韌帶 Ligament of head of femur 股骨頭韌帶 Medial (lateral) meniscus內(nèi)外側(cè)半月板 Transverse ligament of knee膝橫韌帶 Anterior cruciate ligament前交叉韌帶 Posterior cruciate ligament后交叉韌帶 Fibular (tibial) collateral ligament 腓(脛)側(cè)副韌帶 Ligament of patella髕韌帶 Tibiofibular joint脛腓關(guān)節(jié) Tibiofibular syndesmos

19、is 脛腓連結(jié) Crural interosseous membrane小腿骨間膜 Joints of foot足關(guān)節(jié) ankle joint，踝關(guān)節(jié)talocrural joint,距小腿關(guān)節(jié) intertarsal joints跗骨間關(guān)節(jié) subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下關(guān)節(jié)距跟關(guān)節(jié) transverse tarsal joint跗橫關(guān)節(jié) talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟關(guān)節(jié) tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖關(guān)節(jié) transverse arch橫弓intermetatarsal joints跖骨間關(guān)節(jié)

20、metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾關(guān)節(jié) interphalangeal joints of foot跖骨間關(guān)節(jié) arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓 medial (lateral) longitudinal arch內(nèi)(外)側(cè)縱弓 其他Arthrosclerosis關(guān)節(jié)硬化 Chondromalacia軟骨軟化癥 Degenerated Joint Disease變性關(guān)節(jié)炎 Bone graft 骨移植Clavicle Fracture 鎖骨骨折 Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形

21、硬石膏 Amputation 截肢Matastatic Lesion轉(zhuǎn)移性損害 Osteoporosis骨質(zhì)疏松癥 Prosthesis Replacement 人工彌補(bǔ)置換術(shù)腹部臟器Stomach 胃 Liver 肝 Small intestine 小腸Colon 結(jié)腸（ascending，transverse，descending，sigmoid）Duodenum 十二指腸 Jejunum 空腸 Ileum 回腸Pancreas 胰 Spleen 脾 Bile duct 膽管Gallbladder 膽囊 Kidney 腎 Rectum 直腸Cecum 盲腸 large intestine

22、大腸vermiform appendix闌尾 anal canal 肛管輔助檢查Abdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺 Urinalysis 尿分析 Abdominal ultrasonography 腹部超聲檢查Barium enema 鋇灌腸 Barium swallow 鋇餐Liver biopsy 肝活檢 Stool culture 糞檢Retrograde pyelogram 逆行腎盂造影Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡逆行性膽胰管造影Blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Urine culture an

23、d sensitivity 尿培養(yǎng)和敏感試驗(yàn)Urinalysis 尿分析內(nèi)鏡Gastroscopy 胃窺鏡 Enteroscopy 小腸內(nèi)鏡Colonoscopy 結(jié)腸內(nèi)鏡 Cystoscopy 膀胱鏡ureteroscope 輸尿管鏡術(shù)式Highly selective vagotomy 高選擇性迷走神經(jīng)切斷術(shù)Gastrojejunostomy 胃空腸吻合術(shù)Truncal vagotomy 迷走神經(jīng)切斷術(shù) Laparotomy 開腹Enterectomy 腸切除術(shù) Appendectomy 闌尾切除術(shù)Choledochectomy 膽總管切除術(shù) Colectomy 結(jié)腸切除術(shù) Cholecy

24、stectomy 膽囊切除術(shù) Colostomy 結(jié)腸造瘺Subtotal gastrectomy 胃大部切除術(shù)Pancreatoduodenectomy 胰十二指腸切除術(shù)Right/left hemicolectomy 右/左半結(jié)腸切除術(shù)Abdominoperineal resection 腹會(huì)陰聯(lián)合直腸癌切除術(shù)Low anterior resection 直腸低位前切除術(shù)Hepatectomy 肝切除術(shù) Nephrectomy 腎切除術(shù)Nephron sparing surgery 保留腎單位手術(shù)Ureteroneocystostomy 膀胱輸尿管吻合術(shù)orchiectomy ; test

25、ectomy 睪丸切除術(shù)ureterectomy 輸尿管切除術(shù)cystectomy 膀胱切除術(shù)cysto-urethral anastomosis膀胱輸尿管吻合術(shù)partial or radical nephrectomy 局部/根治性腎切除術(shù)PCNL：percutaneous nephrostolithotomy 經(jīng)皮腎取石術(shù)ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 體外沖擊波碎石術(shù)Surgical exploration 手術(shù)探查心胸外valve prosthesis 人工瓣膜 bicuspid 二尖瓣 tricuspid valve 三尖瓣p

26、ulmonary valve肺動(dòng)脈瓣 aortic valve主動(dòng)脈瓣 ventricle 心室atrium pl.atrial 心房 interatrial心房間的 atrioventricular房室的intrventricular心室間的 atrial septum 房間隔ventricuar septum 室間隔 angiography 血管造影aortography 主動(dòng)脈造影 pneumotharax ；aerothorax 氣胸 tension pneumotharax 張力性氣胸pleural effussion胸腔積液 hydrothorax 胸腔積液puncture 穿刺

27、thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺術(shù) drainage引流closed thoracic drainage 閉式胸腔引流 mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狹窄rheumatic valve disease 風(fēng)濕性瓣膜病 aortic stenosis動(dòng)脈硬化mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流 valvuloplasty瓣膜成形術(shù)aortic stenosis 主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄 aortic regurgitation 主動(dòng)脈反流arteriosclerosis動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化 intravenous 靜脈內(nèi)的hemorrhage出血 hematuria血尿angi/o血管

28、 vas/o血管 vascul/o血管 aort/o主動(dòng)脈arter/o arteri/o動(dòng)脈 ather/o動(dòng)脈phleb/o靜脈 ven/o靜脈 thromb/o血栓 venule微靜脈arteriole微動(dòng)脈 angiostenosis血管狹窄ischemia缺血 vena cava腔靜脈神外大腦：cerebrum 間腦：diencephalon腦橋：brain stem 中腦：midbrain 腦橋：pons 延髓：medulla oblongata小腦：cerebellum 回：convolution gyri 溝：sulci 胼胝體：corpus callosum 橫裂：transvers fissue 額葉：Frontal lobe 頂葉：Parietal lobe 顳葉：Temporal lobe枕葉：Occipital lobe 蛛網(wǎng)膜：Arachnoid matter 蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔：Subarachnoid spaceOlfactory N 嗅神經(jīng) O