專四寫作課程講義

1、專四寫作復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)一、整體介紹1、復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)劃. 考試時(shí)間： 4 月第 3 個(gè)周六上午 8:30-10:45 . 詞匯過(guò)關(guān)：專四詞匯詞根 +聯(lián)想記憶法. 精析真題（ 99 年至今），背誦范文. 模擬練習(xí)：至少 4 次作文： 10： 00-10： 35便條： 10： 35-10： 452、大綱解讀及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn). 文體：論說(shuō)類、記敘描寫類. 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 思想內(nèi)容： 50%優(yōu)秀（15-13分） 組織架構(gòu)： 10%良好（12-10分） 語(yǔ)法： 20%中等（ 9-7 分） 用詞： 15%不及格（ 6-4 分） 得體： 5%低分（ 3-0 分）. 分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成：基準(zhǔn)分 + 印象分 . 基準(zhǔn)分：思想內(nèi)容 + 結(jié)構(gòu) +語(yǔ)

2、言 思想內(nèi)容：觀點(diǎn)清楚，前后不矛盾，并有充分、恰當(dāng)?shù)睦C說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)論證充分， 自圓其說(shuō)組織結(jié)構(gòu)：細(xì)節(jié)安排有條理，敘述層次清楚，段落之間聯(lián)系自然，句子連貫邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，3 段最好（1st 段:40-50 詞；2nd 段:120-130 詞；3rd 段:40-50 詞）語(yǔ)法：沒(méi)有句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的重大錯(cuò)誤。拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、大小寫等正確或有個(gè)別錯(cuò)誤。引用原文適 度，不超作者文章的10正確無(wú)誤，盡量高級(jí)，詞匯替換eg: Nowadays, the Internet has become part of people s life, and millions of young people have made f

3、riends online.用詞：用詞（包括習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)）準(zhǔn)確、恰當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，豐富多變 得體：語(yǔ)言得體，語(yǔ)氣恰當(dāng)，以理服人，有說(shuō)服力有理有據(jù) 印象分 書寫：清晰，字跡整齊漂亮（黑色水筆） 表達(dá)：正確、正規(guī)、可讀（不要縮寫 eg: 3ks. 3Q. CU ） 標(biāo)點(diǎn)：逗號(hào)，句號(hào)修改：不修改，少修改（草稿紙、模板句式） ；嚴(yán)禁使用修正帶、修改液或用膠帶粘 題目：大小寫實(shí)詞大寫，虛詞小寫 eg: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online ？、結(jié)構(gòu)1文章結(jié)構(gòu)第一段：給出觀點(diǎn)；第二段：論證觀點(diǎn)（原因論證、舉例論證、細(xì)節(jié)論證）第三段：總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)2011 年Recen tly gover

4、nment age ncies in some big cities have bee n study ing the possibility of putt ing a“ pollution tax ” on privateTharamount of tax private car owners would have to pay would depe nd on the emissi on levels, i.e. engine or vehicle size. This has caused quite a stir among the public. Some regard it as

5、 an effective way to control the number of cars and reduce pollution in the city. But others don t think so. What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE acompositi on of about 200 words on the follow ing topic:Should Private Car Owners be Taxedfor Pollution?You are to write in three parts.In th

6、e first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the sec ond part, provide one or two reas ons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have writte n to a n atural conclusion or make a summary.2008 年 The Ben efits for Volu nteeri ngYou are to write in three parts.In the first

7、 part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the sec ond part, support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.2010 年 Should College Students Hire CleanersIn the first part, state clearly what your view is.In the s

8、ec ond part, support your view with appropriate reas ons.In the last part, bring what you have writte n to a n atural conclusion or a summary.2、段落結(jié)構(gòu)第一段：給出觀點(diǎn)第一句： Background information :背景介紹 第二句：General talk of the topic :引出主題第三句：Thesis :我的觀點(diǎn)2004 年 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?In the con temporary

9、 society, young people tend to phone more often tha n write to each other. Therefore, some claim that phones will replace letter writi ng. Though phones are more convenient than letter writing, from my perspective, it will not put letter writing end.2003 年 The Importanee of Keeping a Good MoodIn the

10、 competitive society, quite a proport ion of people live un der great pressure from educati on, career and families. How can we live happy life? I believe it is vital that we keep a good mood un der whatever circumsta nces.第二段：論證觀點(diǎn)第一部分(1句話):弓I言There are numerous reasons that may account for my point

11、 and the following are the most con spicuous aspects.第二部分：論證(argument) 分論點(diǎn)一 +論據(jù)(2-3句) 分論點(diǎn)二+論據(jù)(2-3句)*萬(wàn)能理由(一)：分論點(diǎn)提出角度Live in A Big City or Small City? 方便(convenient convenience)It is convenient.It is of convenience.It has found its convenience duri ng the last years.It has found its serious ness duri

12、ng the last years.It has found its importa nee duri ng the last years.句型：sth.has found its during the last years. 有效性(effective) 環(huán)境好(environment-friendly) 健康(health) 溝通(communication) 安全(secure security ) 知識(shí)(knowledge) 第三部分：小結(jié)(1句)可有可無(wú)第三段：總結(jié)觀點(diǎn) 第一句：重申論點(diǎn)(Restate of the thesis)2002 年 The Best Way to Sta

13、y HealthyAll in all, I believe the best way to keep fit is tak ing proper physical exercise.2003 年 The Importanee of Keeping a Good MoodThus, we n eed not only to build a strong body but also keep a good mood in order to face the pressures or challe nges of moder n society. 第二句：建議措施/展望未來(lái)(suggestions

14、/ future)2009 年 Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?Therefore, some actions need to be taken to curb( 限制)the development of tourism. Only in this way can we wit ness the ideal sce ne in which all the people can enjoy their life to the utmost.三、語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)1詞匯準(zhǔn)確性exte nsive kno wledgefierce competiti o

15、n 多樣性（注意：盡量使用晚學(xué)到的單詞）2000 年 The Importanee of Extracurricular Activities很多人認(rèn)為課外活動(dòng)很重要。Many people think that extracurricular activities is very importa nt.* 許多，很多many: a host of/an overwhel ming nu mber of/a great many/ a good many越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為課外活動(dòng)很重要。More and more people think that extracurricular activit

16、ies is very important.越來(lái)越多的人 more and more people: people in growing /increasing numbers* 越來(lái)越 More and moreincreasing/ increasinglyCompetiti on is beco ming increasingly fierce.* 認(rèn)為 ”hink: maintain/ claim/ believe/argue/ hold/ insist/ assumetake/ hold the view/ opinion* 重要important: significant/ vit

17、al/essential /crucialbe of great importa neeplay an important/essential role in * 非常very: extraord in arily/ extremelytA host of people hold that extracurricular activities is of extraordinary significanee/ play an importa nt role in our daily life.t People in increasing numbers hold that extracurri

18、cular activities is of extraordinary sig nifica nee/ play an importa nt role in our daily life.* 不同differentdistinet/ dissimilar/ various/ a diversity of* 得至U geto btain / gain/ acquire/ attain/ have access to1999 年 Advertising on Television廣告的一個(gè)主要功能是可以幫助顧客找到有用的產(chǎn)品”O(jiān)ne of the main functions of advert

19、is ing is to help eon sumers to find useful products.* 幫助helpassist sb in doing sth./ aid sb. in sth/aid in doing sth* 有用的 usefuleonducive/ beneficial/ instrumental* 使用usemake use of/ employt One of the main functions of advertis ing is to assist c on sumers in finding beneficial products.* 漂亮beauti

20、ful: pretty/ cute/ attractive/ charming/ elegant* 經(jīng)常oftenfrequently/ constantly2. 語(yǔ)法倒裝句 eg I will n ever give up.t Never will I give up.eg. I will n ever marry him.t Never will I marry him. 否定詞置于句首*not, no, little, few*n ever, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely否定詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞eg. I n ever rema in

21、suspicious of that t Never do I rema in suspicious of that Only+狀語(yǔ)置于句首只有按照這樣的方式我們才能”O(jiān)nly in this way can we do Only+狀語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞eg. We can settle the problem of urban air contamination only in this way.tOnly in this way can we settle the problem of urban air contamination.(2 )虛擬語(yǔ)氣是該做的時(shí)候啦”It i

22、s high time that sb. did sth( 過(guò)去式).eg. It is high time we did something to change the situation.It is high time that we took the environmen tal protect ion into con siderati onIt is high time that pare nts raised their con scious ness of protect ing their childre n aga inst the harm of the Intern et

23、.(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句*It is that eg. I love you.t It is I who love you.t It is you who I love.t i do love you.*sb./ sth. do/did/does+動(dòng)詞原形+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(原形)eg. The problem becomes serious.t The problem does become serious.t The problem does find its serious ness.eg. The problem becomes popular.t The problem does become pop

24、ular.tThe problem does find its popularity.插入語(yǔ) 位置：主謂之間 內(nèi)容* 主語(yǔ) +rather tha n anyone/anything elseeg. I love you.t I, rather tha n anyone else, love you.in con clusi on/summary/brief*un doubtedlyeg. I nternet is beco ming more and more importa nt.t intern et, un doubtedly, is beco ming in creas in gly

25、 importa nt.*in conclusion/summary/briefeg. In conclusion, Public transportation should be given a strategic position in the city s susta in able developme nt.Public transportation, in conclusion, should be given a strategic position in the city s susta in able developme nt.3、句子如何寫長(zhǎng)句？先寫主干，后加修飾。 定語(yǔ)修飾

26、（修飾名詞） adj.修飾adj. + n. n.修飾people of chinasense of safety 定語(yǔ)從句人+who, whom, whose物+that, which時(shí)間+whe n地點(diǎn)+whereeg. To write a letter, you just need a piece of paper, a pen, an envelop and a stamp, which all together costs no more tha n 1 Yuan.狀語(yǔ)從句whe n, before, after （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）where （地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）because=in t

27、hat, since, as, for （原因狀語(yǔ)從句）if, unless （條件狀語(yǔ)從句）although, though, while , even if 讓（步狀語(yǔ)從句）范文分析2007 年Nowadays, the internet has become part of people s life, and millions of young people have made friends online.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the followi ng topic:Is It W

28、ise to Make Friends Online?范文一（5分）I think it is wise to make friends on li ne . First , Now job s pressure more and more . Every one cann t better talk face to face. Second, Friends online may speak everything of them.Third, Friends online may help something of them and solvle some problem.The forth

29、. Friends online may gain more knowledge and information.All in all, make friends onli ne is wise in the society. Make friends on li ne cann cha nge a 潮流。Every one may enjoy Everyone with his friends on li ne! _范文一（5分）1內(nèi)容：論據(jù)不清，不知所云2、結(jié)構(gòu)：段落隨意劃分，不合規(guī)范3、語(yǔ)言：通篇中式英語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤極多。單詞量有限，字?jǐn)?shù)嚴(yán)重不足。范文二（7分）People would l

30、ike to make the best of Internet to broaden their minds, they can get large information, they can play interesting games, even they can make friends online. While a question has been arisen: is It wise to make friends online? ”The Internet is not reality, you can not trust a pers on through the Inte

31、rn et. Now I would not like to talk about the advantages of the Internet, while the disadvantages you can not deny is existi ng.Many people make the most of it to do bad thi ngs, such as trick you that he is n eed of money eagerly and wise you would help him as a friend, or character as your friend

32、to inform your family that you are in dan ger and n eed money to save you etc. All the things can be see n on the n ewspapers, magaz in es, etc. So it is un wise to trust a so called on li ne friend.I can Jump to the con clude that it is un wise to make friends on li ne, because it is not reality, a

33、lso we can not trust others without knowing the person well. So let s do utmost to make the base use of the advantages of the Internet. cherish the friends around usL范文二 （7分）1. 內(nèi)容：首段結(jié)尾與二段開頭，沒(méi)有表明觀點(diǎn)。讀者一頭霧水。2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，粗淺分了三個(gè)部分。3. 語(yǔ)言：生澀，第二段表達(dá)不清，錯(cuò)誤百出。范文三（9分）There is a tendency we can t deny that most

34、of us have access to Internet. Subsequently, maki ng friends on li ne has become a com mon thing. Some may arguethat mak ing friends on li ne isn t a good choice, however, pers on ally, I hold the idea that it is wiser to make friends on li ne.On one hand, it s a kind of company. When we live in our

35、 apartment, we seldom com muni cate to the n eighbors, esp. that our family members are outside; the sense of feel lonely overcomes us. Therefore, in order to get rid of this, we n eed to find some one to talk with. Then maki ng friends on li ne is a good way to solve this problem. Mean while, we ca

36、n not on ly gain frien dship, but also exchange our min ds. In this way, we obta in a sense of satisfact ion from talk ing with a stra nger who will tend to say beautiful words toward us.On the other hand, making friends online help us enrich our sight. We make friends, coming from differe nt areas,

37、 accord in gly, we obta in a lot of in formati on that we can t get from our limited kno wledge. Sometimes, friends on li ne en courage us to read helpful books where will be able to learn more.All in all, from my point of view, making friends is helpful for en rich ing our kno wledge and helping us

38、 encourage with others, hence, it s advisable to make friends online as long as we use it properly.范文三（9分）1. 內(nèi)容：觀點(diǎn)比較明確，但論據(jù)不足，沒(méi)有力度，表達(dá)蒼白。2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：比較清晰，關(guān)聯(lián)詞比較合理，整體字?jǐn)?shù)偏多。3. 語(yǔ)言：比較生澀，錯(cuò)誤較多，多句表達(dá)不清，但能理解范文四（12分）Nowadays, it has bee n a fashi on to make friends on li ne, and more and more tee nagers, college studen

39、ts and even many adults will spend a lot of time chatting with people on the Internet. But I don t think it is wise to make friends online.Firstly, most of people will not reveal their real identity on the Internet, which will not enable you to make true frien ds. Just imagi ne a young lady you are

40、talk ing with may be an old man, and I m sure we will feel very bad when we are exposed to the truth.Besides, the friends online can bring bad effect to people, especially for teenagers. The un healthy stuff will both physically and psychologically influe nee young people and, in a certa in degree,

41、can lead an unproper way to their whole life.And last, making friends on li ne can do bad to the relati on ship betwee n you and you family and friends in real life. Being addicted to the Internet makes you ignore the reality. You will be angry about your parents persuading and after a long time, ma

42、ybe you will find you have lost the ability of how to com muni cate with others properly.In a word, it is not wise to make friends on li ne. I hope every one can focus on the reality in stead of wasti ng too much time making friends on the Intern et.范文四（12分） 內(nèi)容：觀點(diǎn)明確。 結(jié)構(gòu)：清晰。關(guān)聯(lián)詞準(zhǔn)確，各部分字?jǐn)?shù)比例合理。 語(yǔ)言：比較流暢，有

43、一定說(shuō)服力，錯(cuò)誤占10%。細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題，不影響理解。整句錯(cuò)誤較少。范文五 （14分）With the Internet becoming anindispensable part of modern people s life, making friendson li ne enjoys its great popularity, especially among young people. However, is it wise to make friends online, as many parents and teachers are worrying about? As far as I

44、 am concerned, I stro ngly oppose being addicted to making friends on li ne.Firstly, too much attention to online friends distracts your concerns to the true friends and families in the real world. If we look around, we often find a lot of young people staying online and chatting with online friends

45、 all day long. By the same time the communication between them and the friends around them are becoming less and less. Therefore, they feel lonelier in real life and spe nd more time on Intern et.Besides, online friends are often disguised. A large number of cases have proved that many crim in als m

46、ake use of Internet to cheat of money or love. Even if they are not cheaters, they ten to be totally differe nt pers ons whe n you get in actual con tact with them. There s always a gap betwee n the real world and the imag inary one.Nevertheless , it s un wise to make friends on li ne. Those who are

47、 in dulgi ng in Inter net should cast your eyesight to the frien dship and kin ship in the real life. What you should do is to seek soluti on, but not to escape.*pay atte nti on to; attach importa nee to范文五（14分）1、內(nèi)容：觀點(diǎn)明確，論據(jù)充分，表達(dá)到位。首尾呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)服力很強(qiáng)，有實(shí)證、有例證。2、結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，關(guān)聯(lián)詞準(zhǔn)確，各部分比例合理。3、語(yǔ)言：自然流暢，語(yǔ)氣恰當(dāng)，用詞準(zhǔn)確，幾乎沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

48、四、第一段寫作文章類型2011: should private Car Owners be Taxed for Pollution2009: Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?正反對(duì)比利弊類2006: some students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow s money is better. What do you think?正反對(duì)比選擇類2008: The ben efits for volun te

49、eri ng2003: The importa nee of keep ing a good mood給定觀點(diǎn)類2005: My idea of a Uni versity Arts Festival2002: The best way to stay healthy自由發(fā)揮類第一類：正反對(duì)比利弊類2011: Should Private Car Owners be Taxed for Pollution2010: Should College Students Hire Cleaners?2009: Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?200

50、7: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?1999: A Major Adva ntage/Disadva ntage of Advertis ing on Televisi on第一段第一句：Backgro und in formati on背景介紹領(lǐng)域/社會(huì)在某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生了巨大的變化，但與此同時(shí)，關(guān)于主題卻引起了一場(chǎng)熱烈的討論。The society has cha nges.The society has had amaz ing cha nges duri ng the last years.The last years have wit nessed

51、amaz ing/ remarkable/ i ncredible cha nges in the society.A debate was triggered as to A debate/ A discussi on/ An argume nt/ A conten tious issue was triggered/ stimulated/ i nspired astoeg. The last years have wit nessed amaz ing cha nges in the society, while in the mean time, a contentious issue

52、 was triggered as to whether private car owners should be taxed for pollution/ whether college stude nts should hire clea ners/ whether tourism brings harm to the environment.第二句：General talk of the topic 引出主題一些人認(rèn)為 對(duì)我們有好處，而另一些人持相反觀點(diǎn)。Some in dicate can ben efit us, while others take the opposite sta

53、nd.認(rèn)為： maintain/ claim/ believe/argue/ hold/ i nsist/ assumetake/ hold the view/ opinion第三句：Thesis我的觀點(diǎn)我同意前者/后者。Pers on ally, I prefer the former/ latter.I, pers on ally, prefer the former/ latter.模板句型： The last year has wit nessed amaz ing cha nges in society/領(lǐng)域，while in the mean time, a conten tiou

54、s issue was triggered as to 主題.Some in dicate ca n ben efit us, while others take the opposite sta nd. I, pers on ally, prefer the former/ latter.2011 年：Should Private Car Owners be Taxed for Pollution?The last year has wit nessed amaz ing cha nges in society, while in the mean time, a conten tious

55、issue was triggered as to whether private car owners should be taxed for pollution. Some indicate tax on cars can ben efit us, while others take the opposite sta nd. I, pers on ally, prefer the former.第二類：正反對(duì)比選擇類2006: Some students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that

56、using tomorrow s money is better. What do you think?2004: Will phones kill letter writing.第一段第一句：背景介紹領(lǐng)域/社會(huì)在某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生了巨大的變化，但與此同時(shí)，關(guān)于主題卻引起了一場(chǎng)熱烈的討論。The last year has wit nessed amaz ing cha nges in society/領(lǐng)域， while in the mean time, a contentious issue was triggered as to 主題.第二句：引出主題（兩方觀點(diǎn)）一些人認(rèn)為A是最好的選擇，然而

57、其他人持相反的觀點(diǎn)。Some take A as the premier choice, while others hold the opposite opinion. 第三句：我的觀點(diǎn) 我同意前者/后者。Pers on ally, I prefer the former/ latter.I, pers on ally, prefer the former/ latter模板句型： The last year has wit nessed amaz ing cha nges in society/ 領(lǐng)域，while in the mean time, a contentious issue was triggered as to 主題.Some take A as the premier choice, while others hold the opposite opi