一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(包括習(xí)題和答案)分享

1、文檔供參考，可復(fù)制、編制，期待您的好評(píng)與關(guān)注！ 7.3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)并非表示現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)通常被描述為有兩種基本用法：表示客觀真理，以及表示習(xí)慣活動(dòng)。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示：1不受時(shí)間限制的科學(xué)事實(shí)、客觀真理、諺語(yǔ)格言，以及用于概括、結(jié)論、觀點(diǎn)等；2表示人們?nèi)粘Ｉ盍?xí)慣及重復(fù)活動(dòng)。7.3.1用法一：表示普遍的事實(shí)或真理（expressing a general truth）1.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽(yáng)東升西落。2.The world is round. 世界是圓的。3.The earth moves aro

2、und the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。4.Knowledge is power. 知識(shí)就是力量。5.Opportunities always favor the prepared minds. 機(jī)會(huì)總是青睞有準(zhǔn)備的人。6.Great minds think alike. 英雄所見(jiàn)略同。7.3.2用法二：表示重復(fù)活動(dòng)（expressing a regularly occurring event）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作（action）或者是存在的狀態(tài)（state）。如下圖所示：圖解一、表示習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作1He often goes to the gym. 他經(jīng)常去健身房。2I go to t

3、he gym twice a week. 我每周去兩次健身房。3He walks to school every day. 他每天步行去上學(xué)。二、表示習(xí)慣的狀態(tài)I like rice for dinner.我晚餐喜歡吃米飯。補(bǔ)充：這一用法常和一些表示動(dòng)作頻率的時(shí)間副詞連用。1表示肯定的頻度副詞有：always，frequently，usually，sometimes，generally，occasionally和often等等。2表示否定的頻度副詞有：never，seldom和rarely。3表示頻度的副詞短語(yǔ)有：once a week，twice a year和on alternate da

4、ys等等。不過(guò)，在應(yīng)用上述這些副詞時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1它在句子中的位置通常是：在be動(dòng)詞后、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。He is always late. 他總是遲到。He always goes to school by bike. 他總是騎自行車(chē)上學(xué)。2上述否定副詞不能再與否定助動(dòng)詞（如don't等）連用。1) He doesn't seldom come late.*（一般不這么說(shuō)）2) He seldom comes late.他幾乎從不遲到。3這些副詞一般放在否定助動(dòng)詞前，always除外。The history lectures sometimes aren't int

5、eresting. 關(guān)于歷史的講座有時(shí)很沒(méi)意思。His wife complains that he sometimes doesn't listen to her. 他的妻子抱怨，說(shuō)他有時(shí)候不注意聽(tīng)她說(shuō)話(huà)。7.3.4用法三：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在某些特定的場(chǎng)合，我們可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。具體闡述如下：一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)用在以there或here開(kāi)頭的句子中，表示目前的短暫動(dòng)作請(qǐng)看例句：1Here comes your wife.妙語(yǔ)點(diǎn)睛這里顯然是說(shuō)話(huà)人看到y(tǒng)our wife正在走過(guò)來(lái)，然后說(shuō)的這句話(huà)，即表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，不能說(shuō)：H

6、ere is coming your wife.*可以說(shuō)：Your wife is coming.但是，此時(shí)的進(jìn)行時(shí)是表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作，所以這句話(huà)的意思是：你妻子很快就要過(guò)來(lái)了。這句話(huà)是說(shuō)話(huà)人看著自己要搭乘的車(chē)正在開(kāi)走時(shí)說(shuō)的。同樣，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)成：There is going our bus.*我們的車(chē)開(kāi)走了，我們只好等下一輛了。二、表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動(dòng)作（instant actions）這個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)作是說(shuō)話(huà)人在說(shuō)話(huà)的同時(shí)即刻發(fā)生的。這只適用于表達(dá)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，表示對(duì)一些動(dòng)作的解說(shuō)，比如：球賽解說(shuō)、劇情介紹、解釋自己正在做的事情、給別人一邊說(shuō)一邊做的示范動(dòng)作等等。請(qǐng)看例句：3Mich

7、ael passes to Clint. Clint to Jack, Jack back to Clintand Clint shootsand it's a goal!妙語(yǔ)點(diǎn)睛這是球賽的解說(shuō)，表示在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。邁克爾傳給克林特，克林特傳給杰克，杰克又回傳給克林特克林特射門(mén)球進(jìn)了！The woman is a spy, now she enters the room, opens the drawer, takes out a pistol and slips it into her pocket.妙語(yǔ)點(diǎn)睛這是劇情說(shuō)明。這個(gè)女人是個(gè)間諜?，F(xiàn)在她走進(jìn)房間，打開(kāi)抽屜，拿出手槍

8、塞進(jìn)衣袋里。5I select an album, remove the record from its cover and put it on the turn table.妙語(yǔ)點(diǎn)睛這是解釋自己正在做的動(dòng)作。這里是表明“我”想聽(tīng)音樂(lè)（I choose music to listen to.）。精品譯文我選了一張唱片，去掉封套，然后放在唱盤(pán)上。7.3.5用法四：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在某些特定的場(chǎng)合，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。具體闡述如下：一、用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主要用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句（if和unless）和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（when，as soon as，before

9、和after等）中，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。請(qǐng)看例句：1Please let me know when he comes back. 他回來(lái)時(shí)請(qǐng)告訴我。2What are you going to do when you leave school? 你畢業(yè)以后想要干些什么？3I'll be glad if she comes over to visit me. 如果她來(lái)看我，我會(huì)很高興。4I'll give the book to him as soon as I see him. 我一見(jiàn)到他就會(huì)把書(shū)給他。5I will get everything ready before you

10、come back. 你回來(lái)之前我會(huì)把所有的東西都準(zhǔn)備好。上述從句中的動(dòng)作come和see均是將在未來(lái)發(fā)生的，但要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。不過(guò)若從句的動(dòng)作含有“意愿”的意思，則從句中可用will。請(qǐng)看例句：If you will give me a hand with these books, I'll appreciate it. 如果你愿意幫我拿這些書(shū)，我將非常感激。If you will continue to fight, the victory will certainly be yours.要是你們?cè)敢饫^續(xù)斗爭(zhēng)下去，就一定會(huì)取得勝利。二、在談到未來(lái)的計(jì)劃和時(shí)間安排表的時(shí)候，表

11、示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作此時(shí)句中的動(dòng)詞往往是表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，start和move等等。請(qǐng)看例句：The train starts at 2 o'clock. 火車(chē)兩點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)。We move next week. 我們下周搬家。They leave for Shanghai by train tomorrow evening. 他們明晚出發(fā)去上海。三、在從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)主句往往用了一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)I will reward the person who finds my lost kitten. 我將酬謝找到我的貓的人。I will give the bookl

12、et to whoever asks for it. 誰(shuí)來(lái)索取這個(gè)小冊(cè)子，我就把它給誰(shuí)。7.3.6用法五：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在某些特定的場(chǎng)合，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。具體闡述如下：一、表示死者的理論、著作等因?yàn)檫@些理論、著作到現(xiàn)在仍有效；或表示一些名人名言。請(qǐng)看例句：1In The Sociology of Science, now considered a classic, Robert Merton discusses cultural, economic, and socialforces that contributed to the development of

13、modern science.在社會(huì)科學(xué)這部經(jīng)典著作里，羅伯特·默頓從文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會(huì)等方面闡明了推動(dòng)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)展的力量。2R. Descartes says that the reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of past centuries.笛卡爾說(shuō)過(guò)，閱讀好書(shū)就好比是同過(guò)去幾個(gè)世紀(jì)中最杰出的人物交談。3Francis Bacon says, "Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing

14、 an exact man."弗朗西斯·培根說(shuō)：“讀書(shū)使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，寫(xiě)作使人準(zhǔn)確。二、引用書(shū)刊、報(bào)紙、通知或新近收到的信件的內(nèi)容時(shí)4The newspaper reads, "The criminal who killed eight women has been executed."這里的reads其實(shí)是表示過(guò)去的，因?yàn)轱@然是說(shuō)話(huà)人看過(guò)the newspaper之后才說(shuō)了這句話(huà)。報(bào)紙上說(shuō)：“殺害八名婦女的那個(gè)罪犯已經(jīng)被處決了”。5The sign on the washing machine says, "Out of Order.

15、"這里的says其實(shí)是表示過(guò)去的，因?yàn)轱@然是說(shuō)話(huà)人看過(guò)the sign之后才說(shuō)了這句話(huà)。洗衣機(jī)上有一個(gè)告示說(shuō)：“洗衣機(jī)壞了?！?.3.7用法六：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代指現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在口語(yǔ)中，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代指現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。能這樣使用的動(dòng)詞不多，通常有：hear，find，see，learn，tell和read等等。請(qǐng)看例句：I am (have been) informed that you have been there. 有人告訴我，你到過(guò)那里。I hear (have heard) that he has left Beijing. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)北京了。I hear (have hea

16、rd) you've been busy lately. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你最近很忙。I see/find (have seen/found) that you have you hair cut. You look terrific! 我發(fā)現(xiàn)你理發(fā)了。你看上去棒極了！I read (have read) in the newspaper that the criminal who killed eight women has been executed.我在報(bào)紙上看到，殺害八名婦女的那個(gè)罪犯已經(jīng)被處決了。1Vegetarians_(not, eat) meat.2An atheist_(not

17、, believe) in God.3Constant dripping_(wear) away a stone.4I_(go) to the gym every five days.5I_(go) to the gym every five days, but I think I'll make it every other day later.6A: I_(run) a mile every afternoon for the past month, but I still haven't been able to lose more than a pound or two

18、. I wonder if it's worth it.B: Oh, don't give up now. It always_(seem) hard when you are just starting out.7Okay, so you_(stick) to your New Year's resolution and_(go) to the gym on a regular basis. But wait; are you eating and drinking the right things at the right time in order to maxi

19、mize your efforts?8The stock market_(rise) and_(fall) as its internal feature.9John_(always, not, go) to school late. That is to say, he_(sometimes, attend) school late. He (be, generally) a good student. He_(be, always) ready to help others.10I_(get) up at seven o'clock every morning.11I_(get)

20、up at seven o'clock every morning, but I think I'll get up earlier from now on.12He_(often, go) to movies with Nancy on weekends.13You_(go) with Nancy for over three years now. Why don't you pop her the question?14If it_(rain) tomorrow, we'll have to put off our sports meet.15The front page of a newspaper_(contain) the most important news of the day.16The mother_(often, take) her son to school before she_(go) to