漢英口譯分類詞匯(07)--經(jīng)濟金融詞匯

1、漢英口譯分類詞匯07-經(jīng)濟金融詞匯09323366 中山大學(xué) 張雪 整理不景氣 slump 衰退 recession 二板市場 the second board market中國創(chuàng)業(yè)板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)市場資本總額 market capitalization法人股 institutional shares內(nèi)部股非上市招股 private company shares牛市 bull market 法律風(fēng)險 legal risk風(fēng)險管理 risk management堅持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2、 maintain strong underwriting standards六大風(fēng)險 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用風(fēng)險 credit risk 供給學(xué)派 supply-side economist第一產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè) agriculture (primary industry)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)工業(yè) manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)效勞業(yè) service industry (tertiary industry)主要經(jīng)濟指標(biāo) major economic indicat

3、ors國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP gross domestic product 商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP gross national product商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita 宏觀經(jīng)濟 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund擴大內(nèi)需 expand domestic demand改善居民心理預(yù)期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs鼓勵增加即期消費 encourage more immediate c

4、onsumption 長期國債 long-term treasury bonds支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds財政赤字和債務(wù) deficits and the national debt按原口徑計算 calculate on the base line按不變價格計算 calculate at constant price按可比價格計算 calculate at comparable price列入財政預(yù)算支出 listed in the fiscal budget結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sale

5、s 經(jīng)常工程順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押貸款 collateralised lo

6、ans 住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan 文檔來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索貨幣主義者 monetarist 方案經(jīng)濟 planned economy 指令性方案 mandatory plan 技術(shù)密集型 technology intensive大規(guī)模生產(chǎn) mass production 經(jīng)濟林 cash tree跟蹤審計 follow-up auditing 流動性風(fēng)險 liquidity risk操作風(fēng)險 operational risk 內(nèi)部審計 internal audit 拋售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中國人民銀行中央銀

7、行The Peoples Bank of Chinacentral bank四大國有商業(yè)銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中國銀行 Bank of china 中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of Chinaand中國建設(shè)銀行 Construction Bank of China中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China招商銀行 China Merchants Bank 疲軟股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares 實際增長率 growth rate i

8、n real terms年均增長率 average growth rate per annum投資回報率 rate of return on investment 外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額 total foreign trade value實際利用外資 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消費價格指數(shù) consumer price index (CPI)零售價格指數(shù) retail price index RPI生活費用價格總指數(shù) total price index of living cost生活費用 income available for l

9、iving expenses 扣除物價因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民儲蓄存款 residents bank savings deposit恩格爾系數(shù)食品開支占總支出的比例 Engel coefficient基尼系數(shù)衡量地區(qū)差異 Gini coefficient購置力平價法 purchasing power parity (PPP) 衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟水平、收入水平的一種計算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內(nèi)購置力片面追求開展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫經(jīng)濟 bubb

10、le economy 經(jīng)濟過熱 overheating of economy通貨膨脹 inflation 實體經(jīng)濟 the real economy 經(jīng)濟規(guī)律 laws of economics 市場調(diào)節(jié) market regulation優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources 規(guī)模經(jīng)營優(yōu)勢 advantage of economies of scale勞動密集型 labor intensive 市場風(fēng)險 market risk 收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy適度從緊的財政政策 moderately tight fisca

11、l policy信用緊縮 credit crunch 加強國有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved. 合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy

12、enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector適銷對路的產(chǎn)品 the right products / readily marketable products國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集體企業(yè) collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私營企業(yè) private businesses民營企業(yè) privately-run bu

13、sinesses中小企業(yè) small-and-medium-sized enterprises三資企業(yè)中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資 overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits 貨幣回籠 withdrawal of c

14、urrency from circulation 吸收游資 absorb idle fund 經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending經(jīng)常性支出 operating expenses再貸款 re-lending; subloan支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市 An enterp

15、rise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.進(jìn)一步標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和開展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing完善股票發(fā)行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中國證監(jiān)會 China

16、 Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange綜合指數(shù) composite index納斯達(dá)克高技術(shù)企業(yè)板 NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation主板市場 the main board 文檔來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索通貨緊縮 deflation中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略the three-step development strategy of C

17、hinas modernization drive第一步，到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活到達(dá)小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國100周年時，到達(dá)中等興旺國家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary

18、 of the P.R.C., Chinas level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries與世界經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的購置力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全 T

19、he regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.經(jīng)濟管理體制可能會出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng) The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會受到?jīng)_擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中國國情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢 proceed from

20、 national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟全球化的挑戰(zhàn) foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints放權(quán)讓利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革 intensify r

21、eform; deepen ones commitment to reform配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms配套資金 counterpart funds; local funding of提高經(jīng)濟效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns講求社會效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速國民經(jīng)濟信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate

22、 IT application in economy拉動經(jīng)濟增長 fuel economic growth利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery費改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes 債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap頭寸寬裕頭寸緊缺 in an easy position (tight position)朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制 the system of public bidding for project 充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用 giv

23、e full play to the role of monetary policy實施積極的財政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy向銀行增發(fā)國債，擴大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注資 recapitalization放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 文檔來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索信息經(jīng)濟 IT economy外向型經(jīng)濟 export-oriented economy 信息時代 information ag

24、e全球化 globalization 全球性globality 信譽風(fēng)險 reputational risk風(fēng)險評級 risk rating到期不還貸 default on a loan資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent亞洲金融危機 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)投資貸款組合 investment (loan) portfolio 外匯儲藏充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves中國金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China儲蓄比例過高 the exc

25、essively large proportion of savings in the money supply國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,國有獨資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks少數(shù)中小存款金融機構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions不良貸款 non-p

26、erforming loans防范和化解金融風(fēng)險 address financial risks提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力 improve enterprises creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities監(jiān)事會 supervisory board實行謹(jǐn)慎會計制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset

27、management companies別離和收回不良資產(chǎn) substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營 business segregation, economy of scale標(biāo)準(zhǔn)金融機構(gòu)市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions資料個人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途政策性銀行 state policy-related bank國家開展銀行 State Development Bank 知識經(jīng)濟 knowledge-ba

28、sed economy網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟 Internet-based networked economy 指導(dǎo)性方案 guidance plan社會主義市場經(jīng)濟中國 socialist market economy社會市場經(jīng)濟德國 social market economy新經(jīng)濟美國 new economy 中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信實業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中國進(jìn)出口銀行 China EXIM Bank匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and S

29、hanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)金融監(jiān)管 financial supervision中國人民銀行法 Law of the Peoples Bank of China商業(yè)銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks保險法 Law of Insurance證券法 Law of Securities巴塞爾原那么 Basel Core Principles監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、管理機制不健全 problems of supervised entities behavior and the unsound internal governance mecha

30、nism風(fēng)險意識 consciousness of risk prevention事前監(jiān)管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帳目編號depositor 存戶pay-in slip 存款單a deposit form 存款單a banding machine 自動存取機to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收據(jù)private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存單deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本

31、金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 雙簽to endorse 背書endorser 背書人to cash 兌現(xiàn)to honor a check 兌付to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票check book 支票本order check 記名支票bearer check 不記名支票crossed check 橫線支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空頭支票check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 現(xiàn)金支票traveler's

32、 check 旅行支票check for transfer 轉(zhuǎn)帳支票outstanding check 未付支票canceled check 已付支票forged check 偽支票Bandar's note 莊票，銀票banker 銀行家 president 行長savings bank 儲蓄銀行Chase Bank 大通銀行National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 匯豐銀行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行Banq

33、ue de I'Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央銀行bank of issue, bank of circulation 發(fā)行幣銀行commercial bank 商業(yè)銀行，儲蓄信貸銀行member bank, credit bank 儲蓄信貸銀行discount bank 貼現(xiàn)銀行exchange bank 匯兌銀行requesting bank 委托開證銀行 issuing bank, opening bank 開證銀行advising bank, notifying bank 通知

34、銀行negotiation bank 議付銀行confirming bank 保兌銀行paying bank 付款銀行associate banker of collection 代收銀行consigned banker of collection 委托銀行clearing bank 清算銀行l(wèi)ocal bank 本地銀行domestic bank 國內(nèi)銀行overseas bank 國外銀行unincorporated bank 錢莊branch bank 銀行分行trustee savings bank 信托儲蓄銀行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信

35、托公司unit trust 信托投資公司trust institution 銀行的信托部credit department 銀行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商業(yè)信貸公司貼現(xiàn)公司neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲蓄所credit union 合作銀行credit bureau 商業(yè)興信所self-service bank 無人銀行l(wèi)and bank 土地銀行construction bank 建設(shè)銀行industrial and commercial bank 工商銀行b

36、ank of communications 交通銀行mutual savings bank 互助儲蓄銀行post office savings bank 郵局儲蓄銀行mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行industrial bank 實業(yè)銀行home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行reserve bank 準(zhǔn)備銀行chartered bank 特許銀行corresponding bank 往來銀行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行investment bank 投資銀行import and export bank (EXI

37、MBANK) 進(jìn)出口銀行joint venture bank 合資銀行money shop, native bank 錢莊credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票據(jù)交換所public accounting 公共會計business accounting 商業(yè)會計cost accounting 本錢會計depreciation accounting 折舊會計computerized accounting 電腦化會計general ledger 總帳subsidiary ledger 分戶帳cash book 現(xiàn)金出納帳cash account 現(xiàn)金帳jour

38、nal, day-book 日記帳，流水帳bad debts 壞帳investment 投資surplus 結(jié)余idle capital 游資economic cycle 經(jīng)濟周期economic boom 經(jīng)濟繁榮economic recession 經(jīng)濟衰退economic depression 經(jīng)濟蕭條economic crisis 經(jīng)濟危機economic recovery 經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇inflation 通貨膨脹deflation 通貨收縮devaluation 貨幣貶值revaluation 貨幣增值international balance of payment 國際收支favora

39、ble balance 順差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通貨 soft currency 軟通貨international monetary system 國際貨幣制度the purchasing power of money 貨幣購置力money in circulation 貨幣流通量note issue 紙幣發(fā)行量national budget 國家預(yù)算national gross product 國民生產(chǎn)總值public bond 公債stock, share 股票debenture 債券treasury bill 國庫券debt chain 債務(wù)

40、鏈direct exchange 直接對角套匯indirect exchange 間接三角套匯cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外匯儲藏foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機discount 貼現(xiàn)discount rate, bank rate 貼現(xiàn)率gold reserve 黃金儲藏money (financial) market 金融市場stock exchange 股票交易所broker 經(jīng)紀(jì)人commis

41、sion 傭金bookkeeping 簿記bookkeeper 簿記員an application form 申請單bank statement 對帳單letter of credit 信用證strong room, vault 保險庫equitable tax system 等價稅那么specimen signature 簽字式樣banking hours, business hours 營業(yè)時間文檔來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索share, equity, stock 股票、股權(quán)negotiable share 可流通股份treasury /government bond 國庫券/政府債券closed-end securities investment f