高中英語語法精簡篇Word版

1、第一專題：名詞性從句(Noun Clause)名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。（學(xué)完之后別忘記了讀它幾遍）The Noun subordinate clause includes subject clause, predicative clause, object clause and appositive clause.一、主語從句38 / 381 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3 引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the

2、 facial resemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。(2) 從屬連詞whether。如：Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事

3、怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。1 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：It is certain that she will do we

4、ll in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：Its a pity that we cant go. 很遺憾我們不能去。Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。C. It+be+過去分詞(said, rep

5、orted, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：It seems that Alice is not co

6、ming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。E. It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。F. 當that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中

7、時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報告是真的嗎？Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？G. 當主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！2注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whic

8、hever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當中不論哪個進來將會得到獎勵。二、表語從句1 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：(1) 從屬連詞

9、that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的位置丟了。(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but it

10、s as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question

11、 is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。1 連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。2 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow

12、. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。三、賓語從句1 定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞that。如：He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。I know he has returned. 我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。注： that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。1 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句，that賓語從句放在and的后面時，

13、that不能省略。)大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。)對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。3That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. (that從句位于句首時，that不可省略。)我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。4 We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would adm

14、it him for a probationary period. (主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。)鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。I dont know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：Who or what

15、he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。I wonder what hes writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我會告訴你我為什么要你來。You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。(1) 介詞賓語從句賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。I walked over

16、 to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要說什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時介詞可以省略。如：I dont care (for) who marries him. 我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做這件事的方式。1如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后

17、置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我們認為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會屈服。2作介詞的賓語：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語。如：He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一個好學(xué)生，只是有點粗心。You may re

18、ly on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我會幫助你的。介詞賓語不可以用which來引導(dǎo)，而要用what來引導(dǎo)。如：Are you sorry for what youve done?你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎？3某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞that可省略。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。Im afraid you dont unders

19、tand what I said.恐怕你沒領(lǐng)會我說的意思。Im surprised that I didnt see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前沒看到過。Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。4連詞whether (or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用，但whether常和or not連用，if一般不與or not連用。如：I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。用i

20、f引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果會引起歧義，應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter。試比較：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if從句可理解為賓語從句，意為“請告訴我你是否想去”；此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話，請告訴我一聲”。5賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞后的賓語從句，有時謂語盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如：I dont think you are right. 我認為你錯了。

21、I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是嗎？6 賓語從句的時態(tài)變化規(guī)律：(1) 當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時態(tài)。(2) 當主句是一般過去時態(tài)時，從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任何時態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽運行。四、同位語從句1 定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。2 用法：同位語從句的先行詞

22、多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息

23、一大早就傳來了。注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否來。連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到

24、哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。It is a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。1that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句句法功能上that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當句子成分。不可省。that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語從句，that不可省。

25、)李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定語從句，that在從句中作told的賓語，可省。)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。2一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.這就是我們唯一的請求：盡快解決這個問題。第二專題：狀語從句(Adverbial modifier Claus

26、e)定義：在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。狀語從句通常由一個連詞引起，也可以由一個起連詞作用的詞組引起，有時甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來。狀語從句一般分為九大類（見下表）：狀語從句類 別時間狀語從句地點狀語從句原因狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句1時間狀語從句：在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態(tài)一致，一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時間關(guān)系，又可分類如下：(1) 表示同時性，即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎

27、同時發(fā)生。其連詞有：when （當?shù)臅r候）, while（當?shù)臅r候）, as（當?shù)臅r候）, as soon as（一就）, once（一旦）等。如：Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有對比的意思）我洗地板的時候，你可以擦窗戶。As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的時候遇到了我的一位老同學(xué)。Ill ring you up as soon as I

28、get an answer from him.我一有他的答復(fù)就給你打電話。Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦見過他，就不會忘了他的。 (2) 表示先時或后時，即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后，主要連詞有：after（在之后）, before（在之前）, when(=after)等。如： After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前，所以從句用了過去完成時） 孩子睡覺了以后她開始備課。 He

29、had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，所以主句用了過去完成時） 他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語。 It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be before是常用句型) He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和從句的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，時態(tài)一致） 我還沒來得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在漢語中的譯義)(3) 表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動作，而是

30、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。主要連詞有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每當）等。例如：Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當我們遇上困難的時候，他們就來幫我們。Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進城，總要來看看我們的學(xué)校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。（4）表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性，主要連詞有：since（自從）, ever

31、since（自從）, until（直到才/為止）, till（直到才/為止）等。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was since是常用句型） 我們到這兒剛剛一星期。(主句的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間較短，不能用ever since) You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用來表示說話者強調(diào)主句動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間長） 自從James走后你一直在給我朗讀。 The big clock which used to strike the

32、hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.( ever since可以放在句末， since則不能)這只一向日夜不停打點報時的大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭中損壞了，從此就一直不響了。 My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，從那以后他一直生活在那里。Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切

33、正常，直到有一天晚上發(fā)生了意外。 I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. “till”不位于句首。)他告訴我了我才知道。2 地點狀語從句地點狀語從句是由where（在的地方）, wherever（無論哪里）引導(dǎo)的：Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Youd bett

34、er make a mark where you have any questions.(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語從句)哪兒有問題，你最好在哪兒做個記號。He would keep in touch with us wherever he was .他無論在什么地方，總是與我們保持了解。3 原因狀語從句 表示原因的狀語從句可以由as（由于）, because(因為), since（既然）, now (that) （既然）, considering that（顧及到）, seeing that（由于）等連詞引導(dǎo)：I do it because I like it.因為我喜歡我才干。(be

35、cause不能與 so連用)He couldnt have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能見過我，因為當時我不在那兒。Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都沒到會，我們決定延期開會。Now that/Since you are all here, lets try and reach a decision.既然大家都來了，咱們就設(shè)法做出一個決定吧。As she was ill, she didnt come to th

36、e party.由于病了，她沒來參加晚會。Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯的了。4 目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（萬一）等，從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：Lets take the front seats (so) that we m

37、ay see more clearly. 我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早點兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們在暴風雨到來之前回家。He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字寫下省得忘了。（該從句中一般用情態(tài)動詞should+動詞原形，或省略should）Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

38、最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。5 結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that（從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞）, sothat(如此以致), suchthat(如此以致)等。What has happened that you all look so excited? 發(fā)生了什么事，使你們都顯得如此興奮？He didnt plan his time well, so that/so he didnt finish the work in time.他沒把時間計劃好，結(jié)果沒按時完成這項工作。We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock th

39、e door. 我們走得匆忙，把門都忘了鎖了。（such是形容詞，后接名詞）The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒有。（so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞）Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that.Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。但是，當名詞前有many, much, few, little(少)修飾時，要用so,不

40、能用such。例如：I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊，紫一塊。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨。I had so little money then that I couldnt afford a little present.我當時囊腫羞澀，連一份小小禮物都買不起。6 條件狀語從句表示條件的狀語從句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（萬一）, so /as l

41、ong as（只要）, as/ so far as（就而言）, on condition that（條件是）, suppose（假設(shè)）, supposing（假設(shè)）（僅用在問句中）等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.萬一你有什么困難，請給我們一個信兒。If you le

42、ave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now.如果你明早6點鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個房間。As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.據(jù)我所知，他是一個DNA專家。Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is n

43、ot too low.他會接受這項工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。Suppose/Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do?假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎么辦？7 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as（與一樣）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等詞引導(dǎo)： Do in Rome as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 Leave things as they are.讓一切順其自然。She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting fo

44、r someone.她站在門口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的從句中可用虛擬語氣）8 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由than（比）, as（與一樣）等詞引導(dǎo)：It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我們的國家同整個歐洲一樣大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.結(jié)果不如我預(yù)料的那么好。The busier he is, the happier

45、he feels.（常見句型）他越忙越開心。9 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無論怎樣）, whatever（無論什么）, whoever（無論誰）, whomever（無論誰）, whichever（無論哪個）, whenever（無論何時）, wherever（無論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) （無論）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導(dǎo)。如：We wont be discouraged even if(=ev

46、en though) we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一場精彩的球賽，盡管一個球都沒進。(though, although不能與 but連用)Whether you believe it or not, its true.不管你信不信，這是真的。However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.無論它有多貴，我也要買下它。Dont let them in, whoeve

47、r(=no matter who) they are.不管他們是誰，別讓他們進來。No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.無論我說什么或怎么說，他總認為是我錯。連詞as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但從句中要用特殊語序。如：Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he.他雖然年輕，但懂得很多。(though 也有這種用法，可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)though還可以用作副詞，放在句末。如：It

48、 was hard work; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜歡干。1 as, when, while的區(qū)別as, when, while都表示主、從句的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生，但三者意義不盡相同。as和when引導(dǎo)的從句既可表示一點時間，也可表示一段時間，從句中的謂語動詞既可以是持續(xù)性動詞，也可以為短暫性動詞，經(jīng)?？梢曰Q使用；while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示一段時間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。當從句中的謂語動詞為持續(xù)性動詞時，這三者可以通用（前面例句中已有體現(xiàn)），再如：Mother was wo

49、rried because little Alice was ill, especially as / when / while father was away in France.媽媽擔心，因為小艾麗思病了，特別是當父親遠在法國的時候。如果從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成時，則多用as，可譯為“一邊.，一邊.”。例如：He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時地往后看。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。I thought

50、of it just as you opened your mouth.你一張嘴我就知道你要說什么。（若表示兩個短促動作幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用as的場合多于when.）當主從句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時，多用while, 不用as或when。如：She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她以為我在談?wù)撍畠海聦嵣?，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠骸?如果表示從句的動作在主句的動作“之前”或“之后”發(fā)生時，多用when（=after）, 不用as或 while。此外，wh

51、en還含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while來替換。例如：He was about to leave when the telephone rang.他正要離開，忽然電話鈴響了。We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視，突然燈滅了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他們剛到家，天就開始下雨了。2 until與till及 notuntil / till的用法（1）until

52、和till都可表示“直到為止”，與持續(xù)性動詞的肯定式連用。如：He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。（2）當until和till表示“直到才”時，通常與短暫動詞的否定式連用，這時，until和till也可用before代替。如：I didnt leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來，我才離開的。(3) be動詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。(4) until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。如：Until he t

53、old me, I knew nothing about it.他告訴我了我才知道。當not until位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序：Not until she came back did I leave.在強調(diào)句型中一般用until，不用till。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.( It is /was that是常見的強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu) )直到這位大明星摘下墨鏡，我才認出她。4 有時，the time（當?shù)臅r刻）, the mom

54、ent（當?shù)臅r刻）, by the time（到時候為止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次的時候), the last time(上次的時候)，immediately（一就）, instantly（一就）, directly（一就）等詞或詞組以及hardly /scarcelywhen（剛就）, no soonerthan（剛就）等關(guān)聯(lián)詞也可引導(dǎo)表示時間的狀語從句，例如：Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你進城一定來看我們。By the time he was fourteen, Eins

55、tein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. (by意為“到為止”，引起的從句中為一般過去時，主句中用過去完成時)愛因斯坦到十四歲時就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一聽到這聲音，就沖進房間。He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象。He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他還沒全說完，就有人起來反駁他的論點。She had scarcely fallen asleep w